The design regulations of Boverket (BKR) have long been the mandatory standard for construction design in Sweden. However from the end of the year 2010, the BKR will be replaced by the European standard Eurocode (EC). The transition to EC has been delayed and it is not until the second of May 2011 that the use of EC will be mandatory. Because EC and BKR differ from each other it is highly interesting to investigate and explain these differences.The purpose of the thesis is to compare the two standards and investigate how they give different results or not for the dimensioning of structures of steel with associated loads. The current project HVC (Pets Science Center) in Uppsala is used as a model for the design of the steel structure used in this study.

Employers are becoming more and more aware of that the internal communication between employees is the reason why organizations are being held alive and also what impact the office environment has on employees work performances and their communication. The aim of our study was to gain an understanding of what significance an office's spatial design has for the communication between employees and managers in the workplace. We have through qualitative interviews with managers and employees from different business cases gotten a perception of their ways of communicating with each other. The results showed that employees and leaders thought that they shared the same picture of what their communication was like in reality, how they thought their ways of marking their territory in the office was understood and respected and what their opinions and expectations of how the communication between them and their leaders should be like. These results were then analyzed in consideration with relevant theory and previous research in the disciplines of office environment and communication studies.The main conclusions that have been drawn from the analysis are that the work environment's design can be both positive and negative at the same time and that what should be focused on is the leaders' communication. The leaders and their employees have to communicate more about their communication between them so thart misunderstandings can be avoided in the office environment - and therefore become more effective..

Syftet med vÄr studie var att fÄ syn pÄ hur tidsbegreppet anvÀnds och synliggörs av pedagogerna i förskolan. Studien genomfördes pÄ tvÄ kommunala förskolor i Mellansverige. Vi har anvÀnt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer och observationer. Resultatet visar att tidsbegreppet till viss del anses komplicerat för bÄde pedagoger och barn. Pedagogerna anvÀnder mÄnga olika tidsbegrepp i sin vardag, bÄde verbalt och med stöd av olika verktyg och Àr duktiga pÄ att anpassa sig till barnens mognad.

SammanfattningEn Ă„nganna monterades i EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) slingan pĂ„ en 12,7 liters Scania Euro V motor (DC1306). En modell som beskriver Rankine cykel togs fram med vatten som köldmedium i simuleringsverktyget GT-Power. Ångpannan i GT-power modellen kalibrerades m.h.a experimentell data.Simuleringarna visade att det optimala Ă„ngtrycket, det trycket dĂ€r högst effekt kan erhĂ„llas frĂ„n expandern, Ă€r beroende av EGR temperaturen. Det innebĂ€r att ju högre EGR inloppstemperatur desto högre optimalt Ă„ngtryck. EGR temperaturen i punkt 2 i ESC cykeln Ă€r 514? C för denna motor, vilket resulterar i ett optimalt tryck pĂ„ 120 bar enligt simuleringen.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrundHudcancer a?r en av Sveriges vanligaste cancerformer. Omkring 50 000 ma?nniskor insjuknar varje a?r i de tre olika hudcancerformerna basalcellscancer, skivepitelcancer och malignt melanom. Forskning har konstaterat att hudcancer a?r en av de mest o?kande cancerformerna i Sverige samt att tidig diagnos a?r viktigt fo?r o?verlevnadsmo?jligheterna.

Dagens samhÀlle stÀller höga krav pÄ individer att vara sociala, kommunikativa och inneha en förmÄga att hantera ett ökande informationsflöde. Samtidigt som det ligger mycket ansvar pÄ den enskilde individen att sÄlla bland stora mÀngder information har olika individer skilda förutsÀttningar att möta dessa krav. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om upplevelse av kontroll och vÀlbefinnande hos medarbetarna pÄverkar kommunikationstillfredsstÀllelse och föredragna kommunikationskanaler. Som teoretisk referensram har teori om kommunikation och subjektivt vÀlbefinnande samt Rotters (1966) teori om Locus of Control anvÀnts. En kvantitativ enkÀtstudie genomfördes pÄ en förvaltning i Tidaholms kommun i VÀstra Götalands lÀn dÀr de upplevt kommunikationsproblem i sin internkommunikation.

Denna uppsats behandlar den va?rdeskapande fo?rma?gan hos finansiell riskhantering ro?rande svenska fo?retags valutarisker. Fo?rfattarna finner ej ett tydligt positivt samband mellan anva?ndning av finansiell riskhantering och fo?retagsva?rde ma?tt som Tobin?s Q. Detta tyder pa? att finansiella marknader inte va?rderar arbete i syfte att minska den fo?retagsspecifika risken vilket sta?rker fundamentala ide?er inom portfo?ljteori men sta?r samtidigt i konflikt med flertalet empiriska underso?kningar genomfo?rde under de senaste tjugo a?ren..

This study aims to examine the effect the evaluation system used by the Stockholm County Council, has on how the healthcare providers themselves conduct the evaluation regarding their own operations. This is done through a qualitative case study of the evaluation systems of the Stockholm County Council and of four primary healthcare producers concerning one primary healthcare contract. The evaluation systems were analysed using Merchant and Ver der Stede's (2007) framework for different types of control. In order to give a more detailed picture this framework was complemented with different types of performance measurement. The evaluation that the Stockholm County Council conducts was found to have little influence on the providers own evaluation with the exception of the quality indicators that are rewarded with a monetary bonus..

Decimaltal uppfattas som ett komplicerat Àmne, bÄde för lÀrare och elever. Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att svara pÄ frÄgan hur verksamma lÀrare arbetar med decimaltal i sin undervisning i Ärskurs 5. Uppsatsen Àr baserad pÄ tre frÄgor gÀllande undervisningen om decimaltal. För att svara pÄ frÄgorna Àr arbetet lutat mot teorier som handlar om olika matematiska aspekter kopplat till decimaltal. De metoder som anvÀnts för insamlande av data i denna kvalitativa studie Àr genom observationer av undervisning och lÀrarintervjuer.

Den inga?ende merva?rdesskatten som a?r ha?nfo?rlig till fo?rva?rv som har ett direkt och ome- delbart samband med en fra?n merva?rdesskatt undantagen aktieo?verla?telse a?r inte avdrags- gill. Till fo?ljd av EU-domstolens avgo?rande i X BV och HFD:s avgo?rande i HFD 2014 ref. 1 sta?r nu klart att kostnader ha?nfo?rliga till en fra?n merva?rdesskatt undantagen aktieo?verla?- telse ocksa? kan utgo?ra allma?nna omkostnader, vilket medfo?r att den inga?ende merva?r- desskatten a?r avdragsgill i den ma?n fo?rva?rven har ett direkt och omedelbart samband med den samlade ekonomiska verksamheten eller en avgra?nsad del da?rav.Avgo?randena i X BV och HFD 2014 ref.

The independent audit function plays an important role in our modern society as it strengthens the credibility of information given out by firms. A fundamental condition for the maintenance of confidence towards the audit function is the auditor?s independence. This phenomenon has been acknowledged threw several well-known audit scandals during the last decade, including the classical Enronscandal. In the repercussions of these huge auditing scandals, governments all over the world were now founding more restrictive rules and laws about audit independence.

This thesis focuses on the perception of immigration and refugees in the commonEuropean refugee and immigration policy. It identifies different discourses andstudies their development and interrelated power structures.Using the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe, documents from theEuropean Council, the Commission, the Justice and Home Affairs Council andParliament debates are analysed. The study is defined in the time span of 1999-2006, i.e. from the European Council's first agreement on developing a commonEuropean asylum system, following the period up till today.Four discourses are distinguished, focusing respectively on rights, security,European Union's needs, and cultural identity. I use Sandra Lavenex theory ofrealism and idealism to analyse one of the main points in the thesis: There is afundamental schism between the one rights-based discourse, focusing on universalhuman rights, and the three sharing a particularistic focus on immigration as asecurity concern.

Management by contract is nowadays a common method within the public sector since the NPM overtook as paradigm with its mechanisms of control inspired by the private sector. The public agency is foremost a service provider where they interact with citizens in the service process. Swedish eldercare has significantly increased its expose to competition which means that eldercare can be executed not only by the municipalities own provider. Such an adaption increases the requirements to inspect quality and how the purchasers assure goal achievement by control. The outmost liability stays with the municipality to ensure that the service produces god care since their position as the service purchaser implies the responsibility to plan, precise and evaluate the required work that the executor has to accomplish.

The aim of this bachelor thesis has been to investigate what affected the body ideals of teenage girls attending the Swedish upper secondary school and thus, the questions for the investigation were: Who/what ?gives? teenage girls their body ideals today and what is considered as an influence of these young teenage girls today with regard to their perception of their own body? The theoretical perspective on the thesis were symbolic interactionism, Gidden's theory on "late"-modernity as well as Ziehe's theory on reflexivity. A quantitative survey were conducted where questionnaires were the starting point. For convenience and simplicity , the author chose to perform the survey on a number of high schools in her vicinity. The headmasters in these schools were contacted and she got the contact infomation for the concerned teachers or the school social pedagogue.

Detta arbete pÄvisar att en effekthöjning kan Ästadkommas pÄ en motor som arbetar enligt Ottoprincipen med bibehÄllen driftsÀkerhet. Slutsatser om motormodifieringar och komponentutbyten drogs efter en detaljerad litteraturstudie, teoretiska berÀkningar samt intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom omrÄdet.En överladdad 2,5 liters bensinmotor med fem cylindrar av mÀrket Volvo anvÀndes som bas för en prototyp.Motorn genomgick en modifiering med komponentbyten och programmering av ECU för att Ästadkomma en effekthöjning frÄn 193 till 320 hk med bibehÄllen driftsÀkerhet.Resultaten presenteras med figurer och berÀkningar dÀr testresultaten frÄn motorn i original mot modifierat utförande jÀmförs, dÀrefter följer en diskussionsdel om vad som kunde gjorts för att nÄ ett bÀttre resultat..