In this essay the morphing of the interstate relations in the post-World War II Western Europe is taken in to consideration in discussing how these relations were stabilized and consolidated through community cooperation to achieve a state of stable peace. It concludes that the early 1900's of Western Europe comes close to being conditioned by Herz's security dilemma and then continues to analyze the development from this state to one of stable peace. In this analysis pivotal features of the ECSC, EEC and the EC are being scrutinized through the use of Boulding's Stable Peace theory and developments of the very same, in separate case studies, in order to account for the Communities? influence on the peace process.In doing this, conclusions are drawn that external pressures can be very effective in creating an incentive to move beyond an initial state of conflicting self-images and that a stabilizing process has got to provide a long term solution in order to sustain a trustful relationship. In order to provide this long term solution the community cooperations suggests that locking in through institutionalization, harmonization, and the creation of a state of irrevocable interdependence are highly effective..

Denna studie handlar om socialarbetares dilemman i arbetet med familjer där misstanke om sexuella övergrepp mot barn finns och problematik socialarbetare kan se inom dessa familjer. Metoden för studien är kvalitativ eftersom ämnet kräver djupare svar och semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförs med fem socialarbetare i två olika kommuner. Frågor som berörs är bland annat hur socialarbetaren kan uppleva en problematik inom familjer där familjemedlemmar väljer att ta förövarens parti framför barnets parti. Studien tar även upp socialarbetarens dilemma att förhålla sig till sin egen magkänsla och samtidigt ta hänsyn till de lagar och regler som ska styra arbetet. Författarna granskar forskning som tar upp olika behandlingsperspektiv men också ett barnperspektiv för att få mer bredd till det myndighetsperspektiv som socialarbetarna ger.

My essay is about a dilemma that came up on a preschool that I worked in. My purpose with my essay is to examine and to get an understanding for what children with attachement and separation anxiety goes through, and how a preschool teacher the best way can help them.The background story is about a boy named Sixten (not his real name). When separated from one of the preschool teachers Sixten exhibits a great deal of separation anxiety. In the story I give some clear examples of situations where Sixten displays this separation anxiety. I have in the essay viewed it from different perspectives and I have questioned my own role as an educator, but also my entire team.

This thesis is a product of research about how implementation issues occur due to the relationbetween bureaucrats and politicians. Our study treats the democratic dilemma that occurs whenschools are to implement environmental certifications. Through a comparative study we comparetwo schools in Norra Hisingen, a district in Gothenburg municipal where one of the schools iscertificated and one is not. By using theories from top down and bottom up approaches toimplementation we develop key factors that will lead us to answer our research questions.Through text analysis of policy documents and through interviews with bureaucrats we analyzewhat may be the causes for only one of the two schools to be certificated though Gothenburgmunicipal wish all schools to be. Through our analytical tool we can establish that the policydocuments are well formed according to our top down-theory and that these documents does nothave a major impact on the fact that one school is certificated and one is not.

Counselling is one of the most commonly utilized tools in the work place. The purpose of this paper is to explore how four employers utilize early counselling sessions related to absences due to illness. A qualitative research method has been used and four human resource managers have been interviewed. The research questions have been divided into three categories: the counselling structure, the counselling model and the counselling dilemmas. The interviews have been transcribed and processed through these three categories.

Our purpose was to investigate which readiness, different sectors in a minor city has to meet honour-related problems. We wanted to investigate how they manage honour-related problems and how the co-operation in these cases is between different authorities. Our questions at issue were: Which knowledge's, experiences there are about the culture of honour, which resources has the authorities and how is the co-operation between different organisations work?We have collected present documentation and research about the subject. We made eight quality interviews with different persons within professions, as we understood, came in contact with cultures of honour.

Landskapet är och har alltid varit i ständig förändring. Förändringar och byggnadsprojekt som ändrar landskapet är dock något som kan ge upphov till upprördhet och skapa konflikter mellan planerare och de som berörs av de planerade projekten. Som blivande landskapsarkitekt har jag intresserat mig för hur kan man förklara uppkomsten av negativa attityder till landskapliga förändringar, samt hur denna skepticism ter sig vid vindkraftsplanering. Med en litteraturstudie som metod studerar jag inledningsvis begreppet landskap och förklaringar till vad landskapsförändringar innebär för människan. Den andra delen i uppsatsen beskriver begreppen Nimby- Not In My Back Yard och socialt dilemma för att se hur de förklarar negativa attityder till landskapliga förändringar. För att exemplifiera framställer jag i nästa del motstånd och misstro till vindkraftsplanering.

This survey's main purpose is to highlight how the two Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter writes and describes four different school shootings. We wanted to find out if there is a general pattern of how school shootings are reported by the media. Two of the shootings occured in USA, Columbine and Virginia Tech, and two in Finland, Kauhajoki and Jokela. The analysis aims at three areas: the whole event, the perpetrator and the victim. We have used a qualitative content analysis with a semiotic model to examine the articles in the survey. The theories in the study is based upon views on social constructionism, media logic, stereotypization, representation, morale panic/media panic and media events.

AbstractThe aim of this essay is to bring understanding to one of the problems theinternationally adopted in Sweden might face, the identity dilemma. In order to do so, a theory of identity construction, Constructionism, is used. This theory says that the construction of identities is a constantly continuing process, influenced, not only by our own perception of ourselves, but also by how we are viewed and treated by otherpeople.Given this theoretic starting point, an examination of the adoptees? everydayencounters in the Swedish society is made, using an autobiography, a biography, a collection of interviews, and newspaper articles. The result shows that the internationally adopted, although they are Swedish both by mind and by law, experience that they have been, and sometimes still are, confronted with strong attitudes such as racism, prejudice and stereotypes.Furthermore, those who experience the identity dilemma often refer to how they are perceived by ?the others?, or to what the encounters with ? the real? Swedes have been like.

People in refuge face states with a dilemma. This dilemma consists of a wish (or obligation) to help those who need a refuge, and at the same time consider domestic issues such as financial costs and security problems. Thus, there are two perspectives which are important to consider when refugee policies are made. The aim of this paper is to see which perspective the EU had when making their migration policies. The question asked is: which perspective is behind the making of European refugee policy?The theories realism and idealism are used to describe the conflicts in the making of European refugee policies.

Uppsatsen grundar sig i det dilemma brödtillverkarna ställs inför med krav på minskade tillsatser, samtidigt som konsumenten skall erbjudas säkra produkter av god kvalitet, och hållbarhet. Korv- och hamburgerbröd bakat med vete är produkter vilka i normala fall, förlorar sin färskhet snabbt. Två marknadsledande producenter (A & B) har i denna studie jämförts i avseende kring hur de angripit problematiken färskhet. Resultatet i jämförelsestudien visade att bröd gjort av surdeg till skillnad från bröd som fryses direkt efter bakning, höll längre och bibehöll sin saftighet bättre. I den kvalitetssäkring som gjordes för samma producents (A) räkning framkom att bröd innehållandes surdeg var kemiskt och mikrobiolgiskt säkert fyra dagar efter utsatt bäst-före-datum, d.v.s.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur pedagoger inom förskolan uppfattar barn med funktionsnedsättningars delaktighet i leken/samspelet med andra barn samt hur de arbetar för att öka denna delaktighet. Detta arbete har inriktat sig på en kvalitativ metod där intervjuer med fem pedagoger har använts för datainsamling. Enligt resultatet från intervjuerna upplevde några pedagoger ett dilemma kring sitt ansvar för hela gruppen och att det tar mycket tid att gå på möten med olika team som arbetar omkring barnet/barnen med behov av stöd. De pedagoger som var resurspersoner för barnen upplevde att det ligger mycket ansvar på dem om barnet ska få vara med på olika planerade aktiviteter. Alla pedagoger såg på delaktigheten som en central och otroligt viktig del men även att det många gånger kan vara svårt att verkligen få delaktigheten att fungera.

Frågeställningen behandlar hur barn och ungdomar resonerar kring djurförsök. När eleverna resonerar kring djuretik, vad anser de då vara relevant? Vi analyserar elever från första- och niondeklass diskussioner kring djuretik. I vår undersökning ställs eleverna inför ett fiktivt dilemma och får svara på hur de skulle ha agerat i olika situationer. Deras svar avspeglar olika nivåer av moralutveckling och vilken förmåga de har till etiskt tänkande.

I det dagliga mötet med elever ställs lärare inför utmaningar som kräver att läraren besitter en förmåga att ta ställning, både etiskt och moraliskt. Dessa utmaningar kan vara av det slaget att de resulterar i en konflikt. Denna konflikt blir ett dilemma då läraren tvingas göra avvägningar mellan olika etiska och moraliska hänsyn, i syfte att hantera situationen. Hanteringen av ett dilemma fodrar en god etisk medvetenhet. En etisk medvetenhet förutsätter ett ansenligt kunnande inom professionens yrkesetik.

The research of organizational structure and control in the audit profession suggest that there is a contradiction in that auditors should both nurture collegialities while they at the same time have their own responsibility for their individual development and career. This creates a competitive situation among colleagues who in return are expected to maintain a good social relationship and team spirit with each individual. Subsequently, being part of the collegiality and being highly individualistic, gives rise to a theoretical dilemma where these opposing forces are supposed to coincide with each other.The purpose of this paper is to create a bigger understanding of how auditors at major accounting firms can handle the conflict that arises. In order to explore this dilemma, we conducted a qualitative study based on an abductive approach. We have made seven semi-structured interviews from a localistic view.