The public sector has through the years been exposed to a rather radical alteration. The aim with this alteration has been to make the public sector more effective. It?s a dynamic society that Norrbottens läns landsting (NLL) operates in today and it is therefore of great importance that the managers get a solid foundation to rely on, since they have a central role in the ambition for efficiency. Another reason to educating the managers is that NLL can secure the future pension losses.

Syftet med denna studie är att belysa ur ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv vilka metoder invandrarkvinnor från Östeuropa använder för att skapa sig en position på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Samt vill studien belysa vad som varit betydelsefullt för kvinnorna i denna process.Frågeställningarna lyder: 1. Hur har kvinnorna från Östeuropa gått tillväga för att skapa sig en position på den svenska arbetsmarknaden?2. Vad är det som har haft betydelse i denna process?Datainsamlingsmetoden är kvalitativ och baserat på åtta ostrukturerade intervjuer med invandrarkvinnor från Östeuropa som har migrerat till Sverige i vuxenålder.Studien intar ett socialkonstruktivistiskt förhållningssätt och har makt och genus som teoretiska referensramar.

This 3d navigation application is a part of a project that helps the user to learn and find the right position on a map with many exercises, the user has a compass nearby that he/she can use to find the position that requires to get the right answer on that particular exercise. Macromedia's Director is used for the creating of the program, where Lingo has a importent part as the script language for the scenes in Director. A 3D scene is build up with codes in Lingo, a few 3d models and serveral overlays are created and displayed on the screen. Different kind of textures from pict files are is representing the overlays and put on the 3D models. That give the user a more pleasant experience when going through the exercises that helpes the user when he/she is going to navigate on a boat at sea..

BACKGROUND: The relationship between physical activity and health versusphysical inactivity and poor health are well known. Ethnic minorities are generallyless physically active than the residence country's majority population andgenerally have a poorer health status. The study has a health promotion perspective.PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe factors that influencephysical activity among middle-aged and older persons, belonging to an ethnicminority. METHOD: The method used to answer the purpose is a literature-basedstudy. The searching for literature has been carried out in a systematic way.Scientific articles to base the results on, has been gathered from various databases.Included articles were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis and identifiedsimilarities and differences in the content were divided into themes and categories.RESULTS: Recurrent themes in the literature, that influence physical activity inmiddle-aged and older people that belong to an ethnic minority, was support, healthand illness, external factors, internal factors, community related and socioeconomicfactors and ignorance and beliefs.

The study examines the massacre of the garrison of the castle of Kalmar in 1525 and its causes. The goal of the investigation has been on the one hand to elucidate the most probable sequence of events, and on the other to identify as many different plausible explanations to the massacre as possible. For this end, four contemporary sources have been examined and compared in their details. To enable a broad basis for interpretation, the author has consulted various works on the themes of warfare, soldiers and violence in the late middle ages and the sixteenth century. Apart from political aspects, the study highlights social and cultural conditions as important factors in explaining how the massacre could be carried out without provoking any single part of society.

Arbetsmarknaden i Sverige har, likt övriga världen, påverkats av den finanskris som inleddes under 2008. Detta har medfört att fler i ansvarspositioner ställs inför beslutet att säga upp medarbetare. Syftet med undersökningen är att öka förståelsen för uppsägarens upplevelser av att genomföra uppsägningar. Rapportens övergripande problemställning är hur upplever uppsägaren sin situation i uppsägningsprocessen och vilka förväntningar riktas mot honom/henne? För uppsägaren finns det också en informell sida av hans/hennes yrkesmässiga position vilket mynnar ut i underfrågan hur påverkas uppsägarens informella sida av hans/hennes yrkesmässiga position och vilka känslor är förknippade med uppsägningsprocessen för uppsägaren? Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och intervjuer genomfördes med fem personer som sagt upp anställda på grund av arbetsbrist under 2008.Resultatet av studien visar att organisationsstrukturen avgör vilken position uppsägaren har samt vilka påverkansmöjligheter han/hon har i uppsägningsprocessen.

Eight out of ten Swedes has once in a while pain in the back, neck or shoulders. This often depends on inactivity and monotonous work under a long time. Pain affects us mentally since the body and mind affect each other, which can lead to an evil circle of pain and depression. A typical imbalance in an office worker with the arms in front of the body while working is that the muscles on the front of the trunk will be shortened, since they never work with their full length and become strong because of the constant use. On the other hand, the muscles on the back of the trunk will be weakened and elongated, since they are working in an extended and static position.

Authors: Lars Johansson & Johan PetterssonTitle: ?There is way to much sports in the athletics? ? A study of Swedish sportsFootball has gone from being a hobby and a popular pastime into a billion-dollar industry, and clubs around Europe are therefore operated more and more like regular companies. Sweden's position in the UEFA rankings is a modest 23 rd place, behind nations such as Austria, Switzerland and Belarus. The economic climate in Sweden is often highlighted as a strong factor. When we started our study we agreed that this could be a major contributing factor to this relatively modest rank, but believed that there were also other factors that played a big role.

This study describes how verbal abuse is used in schools and how it affects students. As a  result of the study is a questionnaire which was distributed to 153 students at two schools in a small town in southern Sweden. Students who participated in the study were in grades 3-6 and were between 9 and 13 years old. I asked students 13 questions, which dealt with verbal abuse, some of them were check questions and some were issues that required a longer response.The results of the survey show that 108 students of 153 have ever felt verbally abused at school, slightly more girls than boys. Usually they say they have been verbally abused by their own sex and then with words like boys are more frequently offended by words of a sexual nature, whereas girls more often are offended by words that violate their appearance.The students who feel aggrieved are shown to be those students who violate others.

The purpose of this essay is to analyse how the leadership and the structure of the organization affect the process of changes within a specific department in Lunds kommun socialdepartment, from the director of social work to the co-workers at Utredningsenheten för ungdom och familj. We aim to answer the following questions;How does the structure of organisation affect the process of change?What do the co-workers and the leaders believe is the best way to engage the co-workers in the change?How does the leaders view their own leadership in the process of change?How does the co-workers view the leadership in the process of change?How does the leadership affect the process of change?To develop an organisation and to make it a functional, change is a necessity. The leaders are they who create the change but the co-workers are they who make it happen. In the process of change, leadership and the leaders capacity to create motivation for the co-workers, is therefore a matter that is decisive to its success.This is a study based on a qualitative method, where the interview is the main source of empirical material.

Background: Having chosen to take a degree in international business, we have had many opportunities to meet people from different cultures. These encounters have, we believe, made our lives richer, but they have not always been problem-free. When different cultures come together, the differences inevitably become apparent. Being among friends, one can maybe laugh at these differences or it may be a good opportunity to get people to talk to each other, taking the time to explain why they do things a certain way. Being at work and experience these differences might not at all have the same ice-breaking effect - rather the opposite sometimes.

AbstractThe purpose with this essay is to get knowledge about the consequences that speech-defects bring for children in pre-school ages. I got interested in this matter when I, during my teaching practice, got in touch with children carrying this specific disorder. I chose to apply qualitative interview as a method to investigate this and as a starting-point I used these aspects: How does speech-defects affect learning, understanding, friendship relations, and development in general?I interviewed three pre-school teachers in two different schools. One school in a smaller district and the other one in a middle-sized town, in the middle of Sweden.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att ge fo?rdjupad kunskap om Rosendalsgymnasiets position bland Uppsalas gymnasier, vilket konkretiserats genom fo?rha?llningssa?tt till gymnasiet som en akto?r i fa?ltet, men ocksa? som en akto?r i elevernas utbildning. Relevansen i att underso?ka Rosendalsgymnasiet ligger i deras ho?ga position i fa?ltet, som grundar sig i att vara en av de skolor som i ho?g grad rekryterar ho?gpresterande elever fra?n kapitalstarka sociala bakgrunder. Fo?r att fo?rsta? gymnasiefa?ltet i Uppsala beho?vs fo?rst fo?rsta?else fo?r de dominerande parterna, da?r Rosendalsgymnasiet sticker ut som en akto?r.

Att påverka sin egen skolgång kan betraktas som en ynnest eller som ett krav. I vilket fall så anser författarna att elevens utvildning blir den bästa möjliga om eleven får möjlighet att vara med och besluta - både i lärandeprocessen och i examinationsprocessen. Syftet med detta arbete var just att studera elevernas inflytande i lärande- och elevernas inflytande i examinationsprocessen. Utifrån författarnas studier så visar det sig att eleverna mycket riktigt förespråkar ett inflytande i dessa. Författarna utförde två studier, Studie I "Janne", där elever från gymnasieskolan och folkhögskolan fick ta ställning till en fiktiv elev, Janne, och hans svårigheter kring den skriftliga examinationsformen.

With the days DGPS-technology can a position of 5 centimetres decides. With this exactly position is the technology very interesting for the agriculture. I think this technology can come more and more in the future. You can also move the fact and information further to the spreader, sprayer and seeders. If the combine is equipped with harvest accounting, can you with help of the system make harvest maps.