Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of midwives and gynaecologists at youth health clinics about their own thoughts of risks with unprotected oral sex and testing of orally contagious sexually transmitted infections (STI). The aim was also to investigate the level of knowledge of oral STIs. One further aim was to examine what they thought about the level of knowledge about oral STIs among adolescents and how common unprotected oral sex is within this group and if oral STIs/oral sex is brought up in the form of information or questions during STI-testing.Method Seventy-five youth health clinics all over Sweden were randomly chosen. A questionnaire was sent by mail to the clinics. It included questions about attitudes, knowledge about STIs and information exchange.

Type 2 diabetes is a growing disease in the population which includes that older people are a risk group. With the disease grows even cost?s. A lifestyle change is a major part of the treatment for type 2 diabetes. There are several factors that suggest positive effects on prevention among the elderly where, among other things, economic and health benefits are presented.

Syftet med studien var attutifrån vetenskaplig litteraturbeskriva hur sjukdomen fibromyalgi inverkar på patienters liv och vardag samt att beskriva vilka copingstrategier som används för att hantera en vardag med fibromyalgi och för att uppnå livskvalité. Metodologiskt tillvägagångssättvar att genom databasen Pubmed söka vetenskapliga artiklar utifrån sökorden:fibromyalgia, coping, experience, pain, symptoms, coping strategies, health, patient perspective och qualitative. Studien genomfördes som en deskriptiv litteraturstudie och totalt inkluderades 13 vetenskapliga artiklar i resultatet. Huvudresultatet visade att fibromyalgi inverkar på patienters vardag och livssituation. Patienter lever med ständig smärta, kronisk trötthet och bristande energi vilket var en begränsande faktor i det dagliga livet.

Touch that is performed in a sensitive and gentle way can be a good complement in caring. To be stricken with illness can involve that the individual feels powerlessness and to have no control over the own body. This could lead to both psychical and physical suffering. To strength health is one of the nurses' responsibilities and to touch can be one way. The aim of the study was to describe patients' experience of the effects of touch.

AbstractFrom 1st of July 2003 it is compulsory for companies with an average number of ten employees the latest two financial years to account sick leave in the annual report.The government?s purpose with accounting of sick leave was partly to evoke an action from the companies? side in terms of motion as an effect due to the awareness of the level of the sick leave. The government was of the opinion that the companies had too deficient knowledge in sick leave and that the knowledge about causes and costs had to increase.In this paper three companies affected by the compulsory accounting of sick leave have been interviewed. The paper defines to only concern private companies. The companies were interviewed in purpose to form an opinion of whether the companies have changed their health promoting actions due to the application of the law.

I Sverige begår ca 1500 personer suicid per år, och 90 % av dessa har visat tecken på psykisk sjukdom. Av de som har gjort suicidförsök kommer ungefär hälften i kontakt med vården. Psykiatrisk omvårdnad syftar till att främja hälsa och lindra lidande och det behövs många olika färdigheter i arbetet med den suicidnära patienten, för att genom den terapeutiska relationen kunna ge en empatisk, säker och professionell omvårdnad. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vilka faktorer som var viktiga i omvårdnadsarbetet med suicidnära patienter, ur ett patientperspektiv. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie.

Background:Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical condition. The higher survival rate after heart attack and other heart diseases, plus aging population, has led to more CHF patients. Symptoms can have negative impact on exercise capacity, ability to perform activities of daily living and quality of life. Heart failure clinics have been established to help better quality of life. Helping to stabilize and maintain patients´ health can reduce the need of hospital admission.

Background: Obesity surgery is the only technique that has proved to have a long-lasting effect on weight loss. Operation is not a solution but rather a lifelong involvement for the person. To loose a lot of weight means a big adjustment for both body and mind and the operated person may need support, advice, information and encouragement. Aim: The aim was to describe how a person, operated for obesity, can be supported in order to reach improved health pre- and postoperative. Method: A systematic literature study was made which resulted in 18 scientific articles that have been reviewed.

 Background: Self-injury can be defined as deliberate harm one's own body without conscious intent to commit suicide. These patients need skilled care. Purpose: Illuminate nursing staff attitudes and treatment of patients with self-injury behaviour for individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Method: A general literature study has been made. Based on the objective was a literature search in various databases with ten relevant articles were selected and reviewed.

Every single child has the right to a childhood as well as a future. The labor regulations within the international conventions exist in order to make sure that these rights are looked after, but the ratification of the conventions is just the beginning. In order to receive the results which are set by the conventions, it is crucial that the implementation is successful. The politics of the country have to change and improve in order to achieve compatible laws, but also the population has to be given the opportunity to obtain education and knowledge about their human rights. Children who are forced to work at a young age, often under inhuman conditions, are not only deprived of their childhood but also of the chance to develop into an independent individual at the same time as this interferes with their education.

This bachelor thesis aims to investigate how social workers in Uppsala describe their procedure when investigating applications for housing assistance (i.e. boendestöd). Boendestöd is a specific type of services for people with disabilities, which aim to assist them in their lives. This welfare service is one of many regulated by the framework legislation that is the social services act (SoL 2001:453). Previous research indicates that civil servants who make decisions based on goal-oriented framework legislations like SoL, have a great freedom to act when they make judgments and decisions.

 Nyckelord:Akutmottagning, sjuksköterska, tidsfaktorer, stress, välmående Bakgrund:Stress och tidsbrist är vanligt förekommande inom sjukvården, och arbetet som sjuksköterska på akutmottagning genererar höga nivåer av stress. Syfte:Att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor på en akutmottagning upplever att tidsbrist och stress påverkar deras välmående. Metod: Kvalitativ studie där tolv stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med sjuksköterskor på akutmottagningen på Akademiska sjukhuset. Intervjuerna analyserades med latent innehållanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman samt Aaron Antonovskys hälsomodell. Huvudresultat:Sjuksköterskornas intervjuer resulterade i fyra kategorier och tio underkategorier vilka tillsammans bildade två domäner och ett tema. Kategorier som erhölls var hanterbarhet, meningsfullhet, begriplighet samt brist på hanterbarhet. Sjuksköterskornas välmående påverkades positivt av stress som upplevdes som hanterbar, meningsfull och begriplig, medan välmåendet påverkades negativt av brist på hanterbarhet. Tidsbrist påverkade sjuksköterskornas välmående endast negativt. Slutsats:Tidsbrist påverkade sjuksköterskornas välmående negativt, medan sjuksköterskorna upplevde att stress kunde ha både positiv och negativ inverkan på deras välmående. .

Introduction When a child comes into a family changing conditions for the older sibling, who may feel left out. This can be a problem for parents who face new challenges towards the older sibling, which can lead to parents looking for advice and support. Parenting is an activity that strengthens the role of parents and provides information about children's health and social development. Purpose The purpose is to describe the parents' experiences of support in their parental role by participating in the sibling circle. Method Semi-structured focus group interview was conducted and qualitative content analysis was performed.

How do you build cities that are exciting and nice to live in? What factors in the physical environment is it that make you feel comfortable in some of the places in the city, but in other places not comfortable at all? Why do some cities have a rich public life in their public realm, while the public realm in other cities is abandoned and empty? How do you plan environments that support people?s physical and Mental health? These are questions that I put to myself, and that people who are interested in or working with physical planning should ask themselves. That is why I have been studying an authority on the subject, the Danish Professor Jan Gehl, who has been researching and working with peoplefriendly public realms for 50 years. He is best known for his book Life between buildings that has been a text-book in the education of architects for more than 30 years, and to have initiated Copenhagens most famous pedestrian street, Strøget, to show his theory of how people will use the public realm, if it?s only got the right qualities.

In 1993 the internal market within the European Union was formed and ensured free movement of goods, services, capital and people. This led to the removal of trade barriers between members of the European Union. When opening up for competition, price differences between countries decreased and more jobs were created. A single currency was introduced by eleven countries in 1999 with the goal of reducing transaction costs, eliminating exchange rate risk and to further simplify trade. In 2001 Greece joined the collaboration and introduced the euro.