Varifrån kommer föreställningar om vad som är rätt eller fel, normalt eller onormalt? Hur har de uppstått och hur upprätthålls de? Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur sådana föreställningar kan uppstå och upprätthållas och att undersöka vilka sorts aktörer som är med i den processen samt hur de agerar och vad det bär med sig? Varifrån kommer till exempel föreställningarna om hur man ska bete sig för att uppfattas som en "normal" man eller kvinna? Vad händer när någon avviker från dessa normer och föreställningar?Jag har i min litteraturstudie funnit flera olika teoretiska perspektiv som är knutna till det vida begreppet kultur. Jag har närläst undersökningar där man kan studera hur norm, ideal och avvikelse, både i teorin och i praktiken, genererar normativa identiteter.De resultat jag har sett är att det görs skillnad på pojkar och flickor redan när barnen går på dagis. Denna åtskillnad att tjejer bland annat inte får ta för stor plats i det offentliga rummet eller höras för mycket eller att pojkar inte får bli för "lipiga" tar sin början innan barnen har en möjlighet att ta ställning till begreppen man eller kvinna. Både uppsatsen och gestaltningsarbetet fokuserar på strukturer som skapar och upprätthåller normativa eller "normala" identiteter.Mitt gestaltningsarbete består av en animerad film och kan ses som en parafras över bröderna Andy och Larry Wachowskis filmThe Matrix från 1999.

Stockholms vattenskärning AB in Kungsängen has through the acquisition of a company begun to design and produce aircraft heaters whose origin is early 1970s which follows a high inefficiency in terms of energy consumption and size.The aircraft heater, which is sold worldwide, serves its purpose for customer satisfaction and has done so ever since it was developed in the 70s.Stockholms vattenskärning AB is now investigating the possibility in making the aircraft heaters more efficient, both in terms of energy consumption but also on a more efficient design with the belief that it would lead them to an edge in the market. The aircraft heater consists of several main components whose function altogether is to keep passenger aircrafts warm while they are on the ground.This project has been limited to the further development of the heat exchanger package which accounts for the conversion of the hot medium to the fresh air being carried in to the aircraft cabin. Work has been divided into different phases in order to create a better understanding of the project range and to make it easier to divide the various elements in the time available, 10 weeks. These phases are literature review, situation analysis, concept generation, CAD, concept comparison and writing reports.After the initial literature review was made, a fundamental theory was written which is essential in understanding the remaining parts of the project.With the theoretical part as support, measurements and calculations were made on the current heat exchange package in a situation analysis to ensure its operation and efficiency.In the concept generation phase, the collected facts from the literature review was used as the basis for creating a matrix. The purpose of the matrix was to indicate the two most suitable types of heat exchangers to develop four new concepts out of.In the CAD phase the four concepts was drawn up and then described with text and images.The last phase is the concept comparison where a concept selection matrix is used to function as a decision basis for further production at Stockholms vattenskärning AB. The four concepts have been developed based on the current heat exchanger and is gradually changed into a design of a cross-flow heat exchanger constructed out of stainless sections. The purpose of this is to have gradual upgrading of the heat exchanger as an option, in order not to saturate the market..

The aim of this study has been to, through a couple of chosen theories, examine in what way Japan as a nation can be said to have dealt with its dark past - concerning their crimes of war just before and during World War II. To do so, I have placed two chosen war crimes, namely the Nanjing Massacre and the matter of the Comfort Women, in the context of remembrance and commemorating of war, through different kinds of aspects. Those aspects are: the textbook conflict, official apologies, ruthless/unnecessary comments, and visits and commemorations at the Yasukuni shrine.I have found during this study that the nation of Japan has not been able to generate a broadly accepted dominant cultural memory of the war. Henceforth a couple of rival cultural memories are competing and becoming an issue of national division rather than national unity. I have come to the knowledge that there are both domestic and international political factors at play, resulting in this division..

Weber and Linder (2005) have enlightened that the focus of the current debate on the budget?s to be or not be, has been on trying to find a general tool, which fits best in all situations. They argue that the budget may be more appropriate for organizations in certain circumstances, than for others. They claim that there is a gap in research concerning the situations in which the budget may be appropriate, or when Beyond budgeting is preferred. It is this gap we are trying to fill with our thesis.The purpose of the thesis is to explain which situational factors that affect the organization's use of budgets for the functions the budget can fulfill.

In this thesis an energy analysis of ethanol production at the ethanol plant of Lantmännen Agroetanol in Norrköping has been performed. The ethanol plant has been studied in combination with Händelöverket, the combined heat and power plant which provides the ethanol process with steam. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy consumption for the whole production chain from grain to ethanol. The analysis has included the energy consumption for cultivation of grain, production of chemicals, the production chain for wood chips, the steam production and the ethanol plant. The grain and wood chips are both considered raw materials there for the energy content in these are not included as energy input in the system.

In this thesis an energy analysis of ethanol production at the ethanol plant of Lantmännen Agroetanol in Norrköping has been performed. The ethanol plant has been studied in combination with Händelöverket, the combined heat and power plant which provides the ethanol process with steam. The purpose of this study was to determine the energy consumption for the whole production chain from grain to ethanol. The analysis has included the energy consumption for cultivation of grain, production of chemicals, the production chain for wood chips, the steam production and the ethanol plant. The grain and wood chips are both considered raw materials there for the energy content in these are not included as energy input in the system.

While reading in deaf children has been the object of a number of studies, the reading abilitiesof children with mild and moderate hearing impairment and their relation to cognitiveprocessing have not received very much attention. Predictive factors of reading ability inhearing children are well known, with phonological and working memory abilities beingnecessary prerequisites for reading development. Existing studies suggest, however, thatcertain hearing-impaired children achieve a reading level comparable to that of hearingchildren in spite of impaired phonological abilities. In the present study, reading abilities anda range of cognitive processing abilities were measured in a group of hearing-impairedchildren and compared with hearing controls in equivalent school grades. Comparisons weremade at group and school-grade level, and the cognitive profile of hearing-impaired childrenat level with controls (those being within one standard deviation) was discussed.

: I denna rapport har det gjorts en undersökning om vilket som är det mest lämpliga materialet/ materialen för en handske till formel 1 bilförare. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer och informationsundersökning har en kravspecifikation sammanställts med de viktigaste kraven, som förare och regelverket ställer. Reglerna är angivna i standarder till handskar för formel 1 bilförare. ! En rad olika tester har gjorts och genom det har frågeformuleringarna besvarats. De material som testades var Nomex®, Kevlar®, Trevira CS® och Nomex® III.

Osteoartrit (OA) är en vanligt förekommande sjukdom och bidragande faktor till nedsatt förmåga att träna och tävla hos hästar. Ledinflammation som det också kallas drabbar alla häst raser och i alla grenar inom rid, trav och galoppsporten. Inflammationen kan drabba alla de ingående strukturerna i leden och ger kliniskt upphov till hälta, smärta, ökad ledfyllnad och stelhet. Sjukdomen bidrar till sämre djurvälfärd och ekonomiska förluster inom hästindustrin. Orsakerna kan vara många.

Forskningen har under det senaste årtiondet visat på att tetracykliner har antiinflammatoriska effekter i kroppen. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att undersöka vilken potential tetracykliner har som antiinflammatoriskt läkemedel.Genom modifiering av strukturen hos tetracyklinmolekylen kan dess egenskaper förändras. Till exempel kan förmågan att binda till och tas upp i mikrober elimineras. Det har framställts kemiskt modifierade tetracykliner (CMT) som saknar antimikrobiell verkan men som fortfarande kan binda till endogena substrat. Användning av CMT skulle kunna eliminera risken för resistensutveckling då mikrober ej påverkas.Tetracykliner har visats verka inhibitoriskt på matrix metalloproteinaser, enzymer som har med reglering av extracellulärt matrix att göra.

In today?s society computers are getting a much more important role. To get a computer to work as intended it has to be programmed. A computer program is written with programming languages. There is an abundance of programming languages available today and there are many differences and similarities between them.

Introduction/Background: Economic evaluations help decision-makers to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation. Information generated from CEA can support evaluations of a new intervention with current praxis. The evaluations also provide information as to whether an intervention is cost-effective, both in economic terms and in health gains. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of economic evaluations in public health, with a focus on CEA. Use of economic evaluations is regarded as both a method for evaluation and as support for informed decisions.

Denna uppsats är allmän och offentlig handling.Författaren har upphovsrätten och uppsatsen får intebegagnas annat än för enskilt bruk utan författarens tillstånd..

This study aims to explore how a gardening project with elderly living in Djuröhemmet, a nursing home outside Stockholm, affected them regarding psychological well-being and their experience of participation during the planning and construction of the memory garden. The gardening project is new in its kind by allowing the residents to influence the design of the garden by sharing the project leader their gardening memories from previous parts of their life and by wishing for specific plants and items.  The method being used was qualitative interviews where we interviewed seven people living in Djuröhemmet who participated in all or parts of the project. The theoretical framework is Molins (2004) definition of participation, but also theories of meaningfulness, social needs and gerotranscendence were applied. The results indicate that the participants did not realize that their involvement during the planning helped developed the garden.

The globalization that has occurred during the last few years has made it more important for companies to have a well-functioning logistics system. Customers demand more options, which lead to an increased flow that creates greater demand regarding packaging and transports. Diverse logistics costs are nowadays a substantial cost for many companies. Therefore, more effort is aimed at optimizing transportation to lower these costs.The purpose of this project is to create a user-friendly calculation of logistics costs that illustrates how the costs vary, depending on how the flow is structured. This is done by examining which aspects that affect the total logistics costs and by mapping which aspects that should be included in a calculation of the logistics costs.Literature studies have been carried out parallel with empirical studies at Scania's production unit, MC, in Oskarshamn.