We are currently in the midst of the current information revolution and it is increasinglyimportant to allocate and utilize the resources spent on IT. To accomplish this, one solutioncould be to work together with IT. For municipalities, this can be a complicated process whenyou are dependent on the resources that are given and subject to laws regarding procurement,this places great demands on the Swedish municipalities.One solution could be to work collaboratively with IT across municipal borders, this studyexamines the advantages and disadvantages of this. The study was conducted using interviewand survey of various municipalities in the Gothenburg region. The study shows that there isjoint work across municipal boundaries but that communication sometimes fails, this provesamong other things that some communities feel they have a partnership with a municipality,while the other sees that they have no partnership.With the results from the study are discussed and problematized the current conditions thatexist between the municipalities today, and how they could change.

Studien används sig av ett jämförelseperspektiv där tre olika importmodeller används för att bedöma och prognostisera den svenska varuimportefterfrågan. Studie syftar till är att skapa nya vikter, som bättre stämmer överens med det faktiska importinnehållet, för beräkning av den förklarande variabeln importviktad efterfrågan. Korrigeringen av vikterna sker med utgångspunkt från Konjunkturinstitutets definition av importviktad efterfrågan. Genom korrigering av den importviktade efterfrågan är avsikten att uppnå en importmodell som har bättre förklarings- och prognosförmåga än Konjunkturinstitutets nuvarande modell. Resultaten från studien visar att genom en korrigering av den importviktade efterfrågan uppnås en bättre förklarings- och prognosförmåga.

Hedgefonder är en relativt ny investeringsform på den svenska marknaden. Dessa fonder karakteriseras av att oavsett marknadsutvecklingen uppnå en positiv absolut avkastning med låg risk. Hedgefonder är en förvaltningsform med stor variation vilket medför att de kan karakteriseras som en heterogen grupp av fonder, dock med vissa gemensamma drag. I denna studie har jag valt att jämföra fyra olika hedgestrategier med traditionell förvaltning i riskjusterad avkastning. Då hedgefonders avkastningsmönster ofta inte är normalfördelade tappar Mean-Variance måtten sin exakthet.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the democratization process in Kurdistan on the basis of consolidation democracy with focus on arenas defined by Linz and Stepan (1997), namely economic, political, legal, civil society and arenas of state bureaucracy. Furthermore, I intend to explain Kurdistan?s road toward democratization in Kurdistan from 1991 until today, with a focus on the years 2003-2012. The main results are that Kurdistan has developed conditions that support a future consolidation of democracy. However, there are weaknesses in the economic situation, rule of law and the arena of bureaucracy.

Rikliga naturtillgångar och bördig jord gör Brasilien till ett land med mycket bra förutsättningar för jordbruk. Dess totala odlade area överskrids endast av Australien, Kina och USA. Under senare tid har landet genomgått flera betydande handelsliberaliseringar och övergått från importsubstitution till en mer exportorienterad policy. Från och med 1990-talet har Brasilien ökat sin export inom jordbrukssektorn och på senare tid har exporttillväxten varit så pass hög att den kan liknas vid en exportboom. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka Brasiliens senaste exportutveckling och dess komparativa fördelar i deras främsta exportprodukter inom jordbrukssektorn.

Uppsatsen ser till vad som sker med inflationen och produktionsgapet (skillnaden mellan den faktiska produktionen och den potentiella produktionen) när en centralbank blir självständigare genom att Rogoff-konservatism införs. Första delen av uppsatsen avhandlar två modeller inom detta monetära ämne och huvudfokus ligger på den nykeynesianska modellen. Efter en redogörelse för modellens uppbyggnad ses hur Rogoff-konservatism påverkar en ekonomi om det finns inflation bias och därefter vad som sker med chockstabiliseringen om centralbanken blir självständigare. Den andra delen behandlar centralbanker i empirin och visar på centralbankers självständighet i förhållande till inflationen, variansen för inflationen, produktionsgapet och variansen för produktionsgapet. Teorin menar att om det finns inflation bias medför Rogoff-konservatism till lägre inflation och chockstabiliseringen blir bättre.

In the light of ever increasing international trade around the globe, affecting men and women in all countries, it is surprising that so little attention is given its gender effects. The effects of trade are said to be gender neutral, but could potentially act reinforcing on the existing gender patterns in a society. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether the implications for men and women in relation to trade liberalization can be found to differ. By stylizing some differences between men and women, this is done by examining the theoretical implications mainly via the Heckscher-Ohlin model and through a Beckerian approach. The implications found are then compared with the findings in existing empirical work.

I detta arbete behandlas det osäkrade ränteparitetssambandet. Resultaten från ränteparitetssambandet kan kategoriseras i två olika typer av resultat beroende på periodlängden. För perioderna med längre löptid kan man inte bevisa att sambandet håller helt och hållet men man kan vissa på att sambandet har en tydlig signifikans och påverkan på växelkursen. För de kortare tidsperioderna presterar räntesambandet betydligt sämre. Förutom att sambandet inte håller så visar valutakurserna på rörelser som är åt motsatt riktning än vad räntesambandet förutsäger.

Marketing is a broad subject with many different areas. Part of the marketing that has been of great importance is the 4P:s also known as the marketing mix. Marketing mix is included in one of the traditional marketing approaches. In recent years there have been some changes and have begun looking at new ways of looking at marketing. One of the ways is entrepreneurial marketing to the effect that the company tries to use its resources optimally.

I denna uppsats har vi med samhällsekonomisk analys studerat följderna av ett införande av nolltaxa inom kollektivtrafiken. I kommunen Kristinehamn erbjöds gratis busstrafik under år 1997-2001, och med utgångspunkt från detta projekt har vi undersökt de samhällsekonomiska effekterna. Målet med införandet var att sänka kostnaderna för färdtjänst- och skolskjutsverksamhet samt att minska de negativa externa effekterna av biltrafiken. Till följd av den högre uppfångningsgraden av resenärer uppnåddes lönsamhet i stadstrafiken, men ej i landsortstrafiken. Konsekvenser av skattefinansiering, såsom snedfördelning och dödviktskostnader, implicerar dock att ett ekonomisk-politiskt ställningstagande för eller emot statliga ingripanden, måste tas vid utvärderingen av projektet.

The purpose of this essay is to acquire variables that explain and may be used as a base for wage estimation in the private sector in Sweden. The factors that are assumed to have an impact on wage estimation are based on earlier Swedish and international studies. Business survey data, which is based upon monthly questions to firms in various sectors of the Swedish economy posed by the Swedish National Institute of Economic Research, will be analyzed to find out weather they have an impact on Swedish wage settings or not. Tests including business survey data are yet rarely frequent, why this essay will be some kind of a pioneer within the area. To estimate significant factors that influence wage setting in Sweden, three different wage equations have been modeled and tested with a regression model.

Jordan is a developing country and there are ten Palestine refugee camps throughout Jordansince the Arab-Israel conflict in 1948 and the Arab-Israel war in 1967. The camps are run byUnited Nation Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)which is the main provider of health care in the camp. Today, the fourth generation ofrefugees lives in the camps which are extremely overpopulated. The social and economicconditions in the camps are poor. The nurses' workload in the Health care centre in the campis getting harder and UNRWA's resources are getting strained due to funding shortfalls.

AbstractWith the murder of Fadime in 2002 honor killings and honour related oppression became a subject of wide public debate. The question was raised whether the Swedish social services had the knowledge and the resources necessary to face the issue with honor related oppression.This study is about the views on honor related oppression among oppressed women and professional social workers and aims to explore the relationship between social worker and client in an honor related context. Does the risk of culture clashes pose a problem in dealing with the Swedish authorities and do Swedish social workers have the necessary tools to help the, often young, oppressed women that seek their aid? This is a qualitative study based on five individual interviews: Two former victims of honour related oppression, two professional social workers and one relative of a young girl who was the victim of an honor killing.Observations:The social workers found that they had adequate resources at hand but that awareness among employees in the social services needed to be improved.The clients felt that the help they?ve received from the social services was helpful but that more information to the public about available resources was necessary along with a better understanding of the differences between their own culture and that of the Swedish society. The clients expressed that the realization that they were being oppressed didn?t come overnight.

Introduction: Public health is based on the determinants of health. They mutually influence each other. Structural factors and life conditions contribute to health inequality both within and between countries. Health inequality can be seen between different social groups, which can be the cause of differences in living conditions, health behavior and disease vulnerability. One of the consequences of this is segregation which means that certain groups live apart, where this distribution can be connected to economic resources and/or ethnicity.

The study proceeds from a phenomenom called co-creation. If value can be created, it is logic to asume that it also can be destroyed. This phenomenom has earlier not been applied to long-term relationships such as business to business. In a business relationship it is important to identify factors, that leads to co-destruction, to be able to prevent them from appering. The purpose of this study is to identify which factors leads towards co-destruction.The study have used theories from Echeverri & Skålén (2011) which has designed a model explaning the outcome of co-creation and co-destruction.