The wide distribution range of our boreal pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provides a great variation in growing conditions and climate/weather factors that influence the wood development of the trees. A great number of extensive studies have been conducted over the years in order to clarify growth trends of this and other species over more or less wide-ranging areas. In this thesis effects of weather factors were instead compared between different forest stands from the about same geographical location. The effects of precipitation, temperature and frost on the year ring characteristics of pine were studied in the research forest of Svartberget Vindeln, in northern Sweden. The stands differed in site index and silvicultural treatment; fertile ? high stem density, fertile ? low stem density, poor ? high stem density and poor ? low stem density.

Kosten har stor betydelse för den idrottande individens prestation och hälsa. Trots det är det få idrottsutövare som följer kostrekommendationerna för sin idrottsgren. Styrketränande individer får ofta i sig mer protein än de behöver och under de senaste åren har användningen av proteintillskott ökat. Ett för högt intag av protein kan vara skadligt för hälsan och kostsamt för såväl plånbok som miljö. Tidigare forskning har visat ett samband mellan attityder och beteenden, vilket innebär att det är av intresse att undersöka individers attityder om man vill förändra deras beteende.

Densification is one of the urban visions for sustainable development - a vision that has become a part of the solution to the unsustainable sake dilemma. With the dense city land will be saved, energy consumption reduced and social cohesion improved. The dense city is considered to be ecologically, economically and socially sustainable. Applying an urban design concept has thus proven to be problematic. Density has been found to be a complex concept which is far more complicated than measuring how much built surface that needs to be covered. It is also not disputed what different degrees of densification mean and whether densification in itself is sustainable.

Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att undersöka effekten av hög protein- och fettrik kost på styrketräning. De flesta dagliga matvaror innehåller oftast både protein och fett förutom rena kolhydratkällor, vilka har olika effekt på kroppen vid styrketräning. Styrketräning kan påverka proteinsyntesen, muskelhypertrofi, lipolys och fettoxidationen i kroppen. Dessa processer influeras av mängden protein eller fett som konsumeras, vilken typ av protein eller fett som konsumeras samt tidpunkten intaget sker i relation till styrketräning.Studier har visat att ett högt proteinintag i kombination med styrketräning kan leda till ökad muskelmassa och viktnedgång på grund av en ökad proteinsyntes, lipolys och fettoxidation. Tidigare forskning visar också att ett ökat fettintag stimulerar lipolys och fettoxidationen hos individer.

Piles of deadwood are often retained in forests after management to support the biodiversity ofsaproxylic organisms which depend on deadwood to survive. Any knowledge about the crucial role ofpiles as suitable habitat of saproxylic organisms compared to single distributed deadwood objects thatare around the piles would help conservation actors to motivate more forest owners to supportsaproxylic organisms during their management. Therefore to give facts to this the saproxylic fauna ofdifferent pile positions (up and low) was studied and compared to distributed deadwood samplesaround each pile. Our study was focused on saproxylic beetles. Some other parameters such asdiameter, deadwood volume, pile volume and decay stage were assessed to define any effect.

Sulforafan är en isothiocyanat-förening som finns i stora mängder i olika kålväxter. Sulforafan har setts ha en kemopreventiv inverkan bland annat genom att inducera fas II-enzymer styrda av transkriptionsfaktorn nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 är mycket viktig i cellers skydd mor oxidativ- och elektrofil stress och inducerar uttrycket av många olika gener, bland annat olika tranportproteiner. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) är en av transportörerna som tros induceras av Nrf2. BCRP finns i stora mängder i lakterande juvervävnad men också i många andra vävnader där den transporterar läkemedel ut ur cellerna.

This study consists of a literature study and a survey in Tamil Nadu, India. The aim of the study was to get an understanding of horse feeding in tropical climates and what kind of feeding related problems that could occur because of the fodder. Information and data were collected from eight different stables and from Tamil Nadu University of Agriculture in the region of Tamil Nadu in March-April 2009. The horses in Tamil Nadu were given rice straw, unknown grass, Cynodon dactylon, lucerne, maize, Pennisetum glaucum x Pennisetum purpureum hybrid and Chloris gayana as roughage. As concentrates, the horses were given wheat bran, oats, barley, soybean meal, maize, carrots, coconut cake, peanut cake, horse gram and chick pea.

Cyanobacteria belong to the oldest organisms of our planet. They use photosynthesis to produce ATP and gain biomass from carbon dioxide. The cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme is a filamentous bacterium that consists of two different types of cells, vegetative cells and heterocysts. The type of cell it differentiates into depends on the media they grow in. In an ammonium-rich medium, the N.punctiforme consists of vegetative cells that differentiate into heterocysts when in the medium is changed to a low-concentration ammonium medium.

Totally 84 differentially expressed mRNA clones from infective L3 larvae of the parasite Haemonchus contortus, a blood sucking nematode, were analyzed with single strand hybridization assay (SSH). Altogether 79 clones were sequenced, edited, and compared with proteins found via BLAST in GeneBank. The aim was to investigate gene expression and potential protein expression following storage at 5 °C for 32 weeks. mRNA was extracted from fresh and stored L3. The SSH derived products were cloned into E.

To succeed, and make money at your animal production you need to feed your animals with high quality fodder. Other condition to succeed is that you keep your production costs at a minimum. To be able to produce baled silage at a low cost it?s very important that the bales have a high density. Density is measured in kg dry matter (DM) per cubic meter. The purpose with this report was to learn more about making silage in round bales and to how much the bale density varies between different brands of round balers.

Som SPA-terapeuter kommer vi att arbeta mycket med huden och få mycket frågor på hur man tar hand om sin hud på bästa sätt. Därför vill vi studera samband mellan hud och näringsämnen i kosten för att se om kosten kan påverka hudtillståndet. Vår fråga är därför påverkas huden av fett, kolhydrater och protein i kosten?Vi undersöker tre av våra största näringsämnen vilka är kolhydrater, protein och fett genom att titta på vetenskapliga artiklar som har gjorts inom området..

American curly hästar har lockig päls och drabbas i vissa fall av hypotrikos vilket innebär håravfall. Många tappar förutom pälsen även manen och svansen när de fäller. Lockig päls förekommer även hos katt, hund, mus och tamråtta samt extremt lockigt eller ulligt hår hos människor. Flera av dessa är även drabbade av hypotrikos. Syftet med denna studie är att studera vilka gener som troligtvis styr utseendet och hälsan hos american curly.

The purpose with this literature study was to investigate the possibilities for improvement of forage protein in dairy cows with focus on feeding strategies and conservation of forage protein. The utilization of forage protein in dairy cows is often not that efficient as it could be. The feed crude protein consists of both true proteins and non protein nitrogen. The digestion of proteins in the rumen depends on the protein degradation rate and the ability of the microbes to synthesize microbial protein. The microbes need a balance between carbohydrates that provide them with energy and proteins that are degradable in the rumen.

Protein is an important component in various milk products and has a crucial role in the final quality. Excluding non-protein nitrogen, bovine milk contains about 3.3% protein whereas about 80% of this fraction consists of casein. There are four major members in the casein family: ?s1-casein, ?s2- casein, ?-casein and ?-casein. Proteolytic enzymes are the cause of degradation of the economically important milk proteins.

The aim of this paper was to explain protein degradation in silage and protein quality and biogenic amines in silage and their effects on the health of the dairy cows. After harvest-ing, the plant proteases degrade the proteins in the plant. The protein degrades to different fractions with different digestibilites in the rumen. Fraction A contains non- protein nitro-gen which is peptides, free amino acids and amines. True protein is in the fraction B and is further divided into three subfractions depending on their solubility.