Total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are two methods used for measuring organic pollutants in wastewater. Both methods are widely used but the COD method results in production of hazardous wastes, including mercury.The purpose of this study was to validate the method TOC that will replace COD and find a factor to convert TOC to COD. In this study 26 samples were analyzed from four sewage treatment plant in the municipality of Enköping.The results show that the COD method could be replaced by the TOC method.The factor for COD/TOC was between 3.1 - 3.3. Both methods will be used in parallel until 2013 when it will be forbidden to use the COD analysis..

In todays' society e-commerce is growing at a rapid speed. 4,6 % of all retail sales on the Swedish market are done on the Internet. In the makeup category, which will be the category of focus in this study, 9 % of all the sales were done on the Internet during the last quarter of 2011. As it is today many suppliers do not have enough knowledge about e-commerce and instead of focusing on the development of the channel the focus should instead be on the development of the users of the channel.The purpose of this study is to understand the buying process with respect to the existing theories. The focus will be on the two stages information search and evaluation of alternatives.

På svenska myndigheter arbetar man aktivt med att erbjuda sina kunder möjligheter att göra ärenden via Internet. Försäkringskassans egna studier tyder dock på att personer som inte har svenska som modersmål är en grupp som i stället väljer att komma in på kontoren för att utföra sina ärenden, även om ärendena är relativt enkla. Den här studien undersöker hur språkteknologiska hjälpmedel skulle kunna underlätta för den här gruppen att använda tjänster på Internet.För att ta reda på hur nysvenskar själva ser på sin kontakt med myndigheter hölls fokusgrupper där deras erfarenheter diskuterades. Fokusgrupperna resulterade i tre scenarier som illustrerar hur situationer där en person med språksvårigheter försöker göra sina ärenden på Internet skulle kunna se ut. Några olika språkteknologiska verktyg och hur de skulle kunna användas på Internet diskuteras mot bakgrund av scenarierna.

Heart failure is an illness that requires life-long treatment and often affects everyday aspects of a person?s life. Self-care is a significant part of the treatment. Good self-care resources make it possible for people with heart failure to make the lifestyle changes they often need to maintain or improve their level of health. Self-care means having knowledge of and being able to recognize the symptoms and signs of deterioration that can occur with heart failure, so that the person can take appropriate measures ? and it also means knowing when it is time to seek professional help.

The original promise behind the Internet Protocol was to deliver data from a sender to the receiver using a best-effort approach. This means that the protocol makes no guarantees except that it will try to deliver the data to the destination. If some problem occurs the packet may be discarded by the network without any notice. No guarantees are made regarding the time it takes to deliver the data, the rate at which data will be delivered or if data is delivered in the same order it was sent. The best-effort approach is arguably the reason behind the success of the Internet Protocol and is what makes IP scalable to networks the size of the Internet.

The purpose of this thesis was to study descriptions of companies on their webpages on the Internet. This was performed from a socialconstructionist point of view with focus being on subject positionings and gender. A critical discourse analysis was carried out on two texts from the webpages of two organizations on the Internet. Using the three dimensional model for critical discourse analysis by Fairclough, the discourses and subject positionings that the texts included could be revealed. The purpose of this thesis was also to point out the importance of the use of language in recruiting personnel and to hopefully encourage organizations to put effort into text production to avoid discrimination.

Internet har idag blivit allt vanligare, därför väljer företag att kommunicera på Internet med hjälp av webbplatser. Förut lockades besökarna till en webbplats oavsett hur utseendet eller funktionaliteten i webbplatsen var. Eftersom Internet då var en ny teknik, brydde användarna sig inte om webbplatsens utseende.Nu för tiden är Internet vanligt på grund av dess globala utsträckning och de möjligheter som finns. Detta medför att många använder sig av Internet nästan varje dag. Med anledning till att Internet blivit allt vanligare har mycket förändrats inom Internet och ses idag som något nytt.

Chile and Santiago are struggling with heavy environmental problems as a consequence of urbanisation and industrialisation. In the Santiago region the air is seriously contaminated and most of the rivers are classified as heavily polluted.The aim of this thesis is to survey the industrial fluid waste situation in the Santiago region and to make suggestions on technological improvements or process changes. The purpose is also to study five different enterprises more closely and to give more detailed suggestions for improvement. Another purpose is to summarize relevant Chilean legislation.Information, provided by the supervisory authority, about the release of industrial wastewater to rivers has been analysed. Deep interviews have been made with authorities and consultants.

Individer i samhället bär ansvaret för att bevara en hållbar konsumtion och göra bättre val som främjar naturens resurser. Detta kan fördelaktigt nås genom köp av produkter som är bättre för miljön. Det är dock viktigt att företagen som säljer dessa, tydliggör de miljömässiga budskapen till kunderna. Att marknadsföra varor på internet kan anses vara effektivt för att nå ut till en stor mängd. En låg reklameffektivitet kan dock påverka verksamhetens försäljningsintäkter och företaget bör därför beakta hur digital marknadsföring kan användas på ett effektivt sätt. Utifrån tidigare forskning har brister identifierats, gällande avgörande aspekter i samband med marknadsföring av miljövänliga produkter på internet.

Informationen i dagens samhälle ökar för varje dag och hårdare krav börjar ställas på presentationen och åtkomsten av denna. Detta beror till stor del på att ett informationssamhälle börjar se dagens ljus. En av de största orsakerna till denna informationsökning är Internets snabba tillväxt. Författarna kommer i denna uppsats att titta på två typer av hjälpmedel för att ta fram korrekta svar på frågor ur denna ökade informationsmängd. De hjälpmedel som granskas är sökmotorer samt informationsagenter, och det som författarna kommer fram till genom teoristudier och en egen utförd mätning är att både sökmotorer och informationsagenter idag hittar korrekta svar med i stort sett lika stor träffsäkerhet vid sökningar på Internet.

Automatic milking systems (AMS) provide the opportunity for less manual labour and an increased milking frequency. But in order to reach an optimal milking frequency a well-functioning cow traffic is crucial. There are many factors affecting cow traffic but one factor that has not been studied thoroughly yet is the effect of different light intensities during the night, 22.00 h to 05.00 h. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different light intensities during the night on number of selection gate passages (GP), milking frequency and milk yield. The study was conducted as a Latin square were three light intensities were applied: LOW (11 ± 3 lux), INT (33 ± 1 lux) and HIGH (74 ± 6 lux), in three different herds.

Jönköping Small Animal Hospital is today the only clinic in Sweden to offer radiation therapy as a treatment of tumours. The body contains of billions of cells that all have to obey the regulations that are established. If a cell is exposed to a harmful substance, for example a chemical, it can be transformed into a tumourcell. Normally the body has a good defence but the tumourcell can survive and start to divide unrestrained. A tumour is starting to develop.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the view on the personal encounter between staff and visitors in public libraries in order to detect possible differences between the two groups in order to see if the personal encounter as such could be used in order to market libraries. We believe that social competence must interact with the initial personal encounter in order for the visitor to experience the visit as positive. We have based the theoretical framework on Erving Goffman?s theory on social interaction, as well as on Christian Grönroos? theory on quality of service and marketing. We use the following questions: How do library staff view the personal encounter? How do library visitors view the personal encounter? How does the library staff?s treatment affect the visitor?s view of the library?Are there any differences in view between visitors and staff concerning the personal encounter? If so, what kind of differences are they? Using qualitative interviews, we have interviewed nine visitors and six staff members at two public libraries.

Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to the global warming. One of the largest sources of methane is livestock, preferably ruminants which alone counted for 30% of the total agricultural anthropogenic methane emissions in the year of 2000. The reason to why ruminants are such large contributors of methane are that the gas is produced in the rumen by enteric formation and leaves the animals by belching, exhaling or by the excreta.Diets high in concentrates can result in a lower emission of methane. Also diets with a high content of starch, such as alfalfa-grass, have a methane-decreasing. It is profitable to reduce enteric methane formation since that form of methane is unavoidably lost.

Perfluorinated substances (PF) are environmental pollutants that are used to coat fibres of so called ?all weather clothes? to make them water resistant. PF are effectively spread through water. Waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) are a pollutant source of these substances. PF are poisonous to different kinds of organisms, and supposedly also to human beings, if concentrations are sufficiently high.Perfluorinated substances have been investigated at three waste water treatment plants in Stockholm during the 2000?s.