[Ingen sammanfattning].

Introduktion:A?ngest info?r operation a?r vanligt och kan bero pa? ra?dsla fo?r operationen, sma?rta, att vakna upp under anestesin och do?den. A?ngesten a?r pa?frestande fo?r patienten och kan leda till olika postoperativa komplikationer. Fo?r att lindra preoperativ a?ngest anva?nds oftast lugnande la?kemedel och information till patienten.Syfte:Syftet med denna litteraturstudie a?r att underso?ka om det finns omva?rdnadsa?tga?rder som har god effekt vid preoperativ a?ngest, vilket skulle kunna ge mo?jligheter att individanpassa va?rden.Metod:En litteraturstudie da?r vetenskapliga artiklar so?ktes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en bild av hur jämställdhets- och genusperspektivet ter sig hos historielärare i de senare skolåren på Centralskolan i Svedala, samt om och hur man i historieundervisningen arbetar för att uppnå kraven i läroplanen angående jämställdhet mellan kön. Min utgångspunkt är att undersöka om historielärare tycker att de arbetar jämställt. Undersökningen har gjorts med hjälp av intervjuer och slutsatsen visar på att kunskapen är låg men att man ändå tycker att man arbetar jämställt..

In this examination project I look into what ways upper secondary school students conceive themselves as politically influenced before they voted for the general election of 2010. The purpose is to examine which influences the upper secondary school surroundings and the classes of civic education are contributing with to students before they voted. As a method, I have used personal, semi-structural interviews on eight upper secondary school students who all voted for a party represented in the parliament. I have asked questions about how they believe their parents, the surroundings of their school and the classes of civic education have influenced them. To separate which influences primarily the upper secondary school and the classes of civic educations have had on the students, I have selected two comparison groups of four students in each.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka vad verksamma pianopedagoger har för erfarenheter av gruppundervisning och samspelsmöjligheter för nybörjarpianoelever. I bakgrundskapitlet ges en överblick vad som finns skrivit om samspel, pianogruppundervisning, traditioner inom pianoundervisning och material för grupper. Därefter följer en presentation av tidigare forskning inom ämnesområdet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för studien utgörs av det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärarande och kommunikation.Det insamlade datamaterialet består av kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra verksamma pianopedagoger som har erfarenheter av samspel och gruppundervisning för piano. I resultatkapitlet beskrivs informanternas erfarenheter av gruppundervisning, samspel, förutsättningar och material.

Den här studien är gjord för att beskriva och analysera skillnaderna och likheterna I bildpedagogiken hos den kommunala och waldorfdrivna skolan. Empirin består av två intervjuer med två rektorer tillika bildlärare i waldorfskolan och en jämförelse mellan styrdokumenten. Resultatet visar på att waldorf lägger mer tid till bild utöver bildundervisningen..

Individual lessons in singing and different instruments are a big part of music education. The teacher and the pupil are meeting each other face-to-face in this kind of lessons. The interaction between these two individuals, in singing lessons, is the main subject of this thesis. The identity and acting of the singing teacher has a central part and advises are given for successful teaching.The study is based on literature on the subject and interviews with teachers and pupils..

Library 2.0 is a term which emerged a few years ago and is frequently discussed. There is no uniform definition of the term but the central aspect of the concept is to encourage increased participation from library users.The aim of this Master's thesis is to investigate if and if so, how the professional role of the librarian is affected by Library 2.0. To do that, we have conducted a case study at the public library in Umeå. Their homepage minabibliotek.se is a practical example of Library 2.0. The homepage is based on interactivity and the library users can participate in various ways.We thougt that qualitive interviews was the best way to gain an understanding for how the librarians at the public library in Umeå experience how the work with minabibliotek.se affect their professional role.

The aim of this study is to bring forward four teachers of Arts-education, their statements and reasoning concerning the condition and meaning of the subject of Arts-education along with their statements in relation to theory and earlier research, give voice and insight in their intentions according to what teaching of Arts-education should contribute to.The basis for the study is brought out of the dilemma that there, in the subject of Artseducation is ?crowding of matter? in the nine-year compulsory school, difficulties in selecting the importance of various subjects and different opinions between teachers, due to curriculum being modified in accordance with the development in society. The earlier research that this study relates to shows how teacher?s opinion of different subjects varies. My questions concerning the subject are the following;How do four teachers of Arts-education reason concerning the condition and meaning of the subject of Arts-education?What are the teachers intentions according to what teaching of Arts-education should contribute to?What are the similarities and differences between the statements of the teachers in this study versus the teachers' statements according to previous research?To find answers on my issues and questions I have made interviews with four teachers of Arts-education and have then put their reasoning and statements against theories , which  all concerns the creative process.

AbstractThis essay aims to problematize and illuminate the connection between special-education and nature-based activities. With a theoretical ground that is based upon a sociocultural perspective I consider the information from the field. Through a qualitative and critical perspective I performed individual interviews with five pupils from the sixth school-year in the Swedish elementary-school. I also performed Focus-group interviews with two educators and three teachers in the same school-form. By a Hermeneutical working-method I have found out that the informants in my survey have a common experience that activities performed in nature has a positive effect on learning.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka tankar tre lärare har kring läsförståelseundervisning samt se hur de undervisar i läsförståelse. Dessa lärare arbetar i årskurs två respektive årskurs fyra och i studien genomfördes en intervju och två observationer med varje informant. Jag har valt att undersöka detta område då jag under den verksamhetsförlagda delen av utbildningen noterade ett flertal elever som visade bristande förmågor i sin läsförståelse. Jag blev intresserad av hur det kunde komma sig att så många elever visade samma tendenser även om de gick på olika skolor i olika kommuner. Denna studie är skriven ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där modellering, kommunikation och stöttning är centrala delar.

The aim of the study is to explore the meaning of living with urinary incontinence caused by Spina Bifida, self-esteem, psychological well-beeing and expectations on treatment of urinary incontinence in 10 children and adolescents, 9-20 years old, as well as their parents perspective. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviewes as well as self-reports about self-esteem ("I think I am"; Ouvinen-Birgerstam, 1999) and psychological well-beeing (Beck Ungdomsskalor; Beck, Beck & Jolly, 2004). To examine the parents insight in their childrens situation and well-beeing parents proxy-reports was compared to their childrens self-reports. The results showed that psychological well-beeing and self-esteem of the children and adolescents in this study was comparable to normgroups, but that there was big individual differences. The parents proxy-reports are comparable to their childrens self-reports, but vary depending on the domain beeing estimated.

Enligt läroplanen (Lgr11) och skollagen (SFS 2010:800) är det lärarens uppdrag att individanpassa sin undervisning. Dessa styrdokument är tydligare kring den individanpassade undervisningen än vad tidigare styrdokument har varit. Min erfarenhet var att detta inte gjordes fullt ut som det förväntades. Med detta som bakgrund ville jag undersöka lärares förståelse av individanpassad undervisning. Därmed blev mitt syfte att undersöka och studera lärares skilda uppfattningar av individanpassad undervisning.

This report is part of a Bachelor?s degree corresponding to 15 creditsat the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. The work hasbeen carried out by Max Wikander, author of the report, supervisedby Lanie Gutierrez-Farewik and Erik Dijkstra.Gait analysis includes measurement, characterization and assessmentof human movement and is used to assess kinematic or otherabnormalities during gait. Center of rotation and the axis of rotationof a joint are fundamental parameters in motion analysis. However,the ability to create individualized analysis is limited by the lack ofaccuracy when these parameters are calculated.

Background: The prevalence of dementia increases both in Sweden and in the rest of the world. People with dementia often display some types of behavioral and psychological symptoms. These symptoms include, among other things, aggressiveness, inactivity, activity disturbance, anxiety, hallucinations and depression. The symptoms can create a negative impact of those with dementia, their caregivers and their next of kin. Aim: To describe the effect of non-pharmacological treatments have on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of people with dementia.