Emerging infectious diseases are a recurring threat to both human and animal health. Understanding the multiple causes behind the emergence of new diseases is key to the prevention of new and potentially devastating outbreaks. The list of underlying causes is long, including a variety of anthropogenic, environmental, molecular and climatic changes that promote the emergence and spread of disease. Two of these factors are central to the emergence of new diseases and receive special attention in this study. The spread of disease from wildlife to livestock and diseases that spread from animals to humans (zoonoses) are of importance as they implicated in the majority of EID events.

Gastric ulcer is a common disease among pigs in the whole world where an intensiveproduction occurs. It is mainly the upper region, the nonglandular region of the stomach thatis affected. Gastric ulceration is a disease with several risk factors. The factor that seems tohave the largest impact on the development of gastric ulceration is a small particle size of thefeed. The reported prevalence of gastric ulceration differs from 5 to 100 % and it is a largeherd-to-herd variation.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Changes in blood pressure by replacing regular coffee with decaffeinated coffee,in healthy, normotensive subjectsAuthor: Linnéa Adolfsson and Hillevi Pilgren SautterSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 ECTSDate: April 12, 2012Background Hypertension is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, which is themost common cause of premature death. Contributing factors to hypertension are genetics,lifestyle and nutrition. Earlier studies have shown that coffee may increase blood pressure.Objective To investigate the scientific basis whether replacing regular coffee with decaffeinatedcoffee would affect blood pressure in healthy, normotensive subjects.Search strategy Searches have been done in databases; PubMed and Scopus in February 2012.Keywords used were: ?coffee blood pressure?, ?coffee cardiovascular disease?, ? kaffeblodtryck?, ?kaffe hjärtkärlsjukdom?, ?coffee and decaffeinated coffee?, ?decaffeinated coffeeand blood pressure?, ?decaffeinated coffee and cardiovascular disease? and ?exchangedecaffeinated coffee?.Selection criteria Studies with healthy, normotesive subjects, >15 years old, BMI < 30, morethan one week of intervention, randomized controlled trails and human trials were included.Only trials using caffeine from coffee versus decaffeinated coffee and studies in English andSwedish were accepted. Exclusion criteria were other interventions such as weight loss, changesin diet, medications or stress tests.Data collection and analysis Studies were selected after inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Utbudet av etiska produkter har ökat på senare år, vilket borde betyda att människor har blivit mer benägna att köpa etiska produkter. Detta har krävt vissa förändringar i företagens marknadsföring, eftersom en etisk profilering i vissa fall kan kräva en annan infallsvinkel. Om ett företag med en etisk profil samarbetar med ett företag utan en etisk profil, skulle detta kunna ses som att företaget inte står fullt ut för sina värderingar, vilket kan göra att de tappar trovärdighet. The Body Shop är ett företag som säljer kosmetika, hud- och hårvårdsprodukter och marknadsför sig som ett företag med starka etiska värderingar och de arbetar mycket med Corporate Social Responsibility. The Body Shop kallas i detta arbete ett företag som framställer sig som etiskt eller ett företag med etisk profil.

Background:In Sweden and Northern Europe, cardiovascular disease mortality rates are high. The clinical picture in the Western world is dominated by lifestyle diseases in which individual behavior and attitudes have a significant impact on the health effect. In the society cardiovascular disease is seen as an illness factor and contribution to disability. Conditions for a good life are not only good health also factors such as intimate relationships and meaningful work which affect the person's quality of life.Aim:Lifestyle changes and quality of life for patients, regarding cardiovascular disease.Method:A literature review was made. Eight articles, quantitative and qualitative were analyzed.

Back in the 1950s Marilyn Monroe and her hourglass shaped body was the aesthetic ideal for how models were to look like. Nowadays, the tide has turned. Research has shown that female models are becoming increasingly taller, narrower and straighter. This trend has occurred despite the fact that both men and women (still) prefer medium sized women with curvy bodies. This essay examines if this trend can be justified from a marketer's perspective.

Resin-top disease is a rust fungi that occurs both as a host alternating form, Cronartium flaccidum G. Winter., and as a non-host alternating form, Peridermium pini Pers. The host alternating form can use a variety of hosts but the most commonly used species in the boreal forest is Melampyrum sylvaticum. In Scandinavia the Resin-top disease infect Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. The fungus infects the needles through the stomata and then grows through the branch to the stem where it strangulates the vessels transporting water and nutrition to the treetop, which kills the top.

Heart failure is a condition where the heart is incapable of providing adequate blood supply to different organs in the body. The underlying causes of heart failure is some kind of disorder in the heart function, and require careful diagnostics. The basic symptoms that arise from heart failure is difficulty in breathing, that aggravate when lying down, and fatigue. The patients? symptoms and impaired quality of life can be in different stages depending on the severity of the heart failure.

AbstractThis study examines factors in school that could contribute to or counteract the experience of inclusion of persons who have been diagnosed in the field of autism spectrum disorder. The information was gathered through qualitative interviews and processed to be presented in the results.The results show that respondents found it difficult to concentrate when in school because of the environment. They experienced no coherence in learning situations, they may not get answer as to why information should be carried out and saw no point to have breaks. Furthermore, they experienced no problems to orientate in school or to follow the schedule. The results also revealed that the respondents had at least one teacher with whom they felt that the relationship was positive.

The aim of the study has been to investigate physiotherapists? view on a new method of treatment in physiotherapy. In this case we have studied Whole Body Vibration training as an example of a new method of treatment. Semistructured interviews were performed with five physiotherapists. The study was carried out as a qualitative content analysis study.

Background: Within palliative care setting persons with terminal illness is cared for. The aim of the care is to enhance the quality of life for the patient through a holistic approach. The disease can lead to major suffering and require the person to handle the situation. If the person´s ability and capacity to do so is insufficient the identity may be perceived as threatened and quality of life diminished. Self-care can help a person to cope with loss of identity, enhance independence and improve quality of life.Aim: The aim of this study is to explore self-care strategies of patients within palliative care setting.

The purpose of this thesisis to examine the female body ideal of the Swedish fitness blogs and how it is reproduced. To answer the research question five of the most read female fitness blogs were chosen for a critical discourse analysis. The results show that pictures is an important communication event. The ideal is reproduced by representing bodies with desirable attributes in environments and poses that communicates positive feelings. There is a dialectic relation between picture and text in each published post.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. The individual who fall ill can be in an age between 40-65 years old. When dementia affects individuals at this age, many relatives take their responsibility for taking care of them at home for a long time.The aim of this study was to illustrate emotions relatives experienced when a close family member's suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The study was intended to show relatives emotions, and therefor four self-biographies were chosen to read. The method used to analyze was a narrative literature review.

This thesis has two purposes: (1) to analyze the emptiness in Blodbok by Christine Falkenland, and (2) to analyze my own reading of the same book. I have chosen to focus on how emptiness is expressed through the body, the language and the place in Blodbok, because of the deep impact these seem to have on the emptiness. The thesis discusses what kind of emptiness that is described, what it does to me as a reader, and how it is connected to other works by Falkenland. Cultural politics of emotions by Sara Ahmed, Uses of literature by Rita Felski and Pouvoirs de l?horreur by Julia Kristeva together form the theoretical framework.Blodbok is a poetry collection, about the loss of a mother.

Laminitis has crippled horses through times and many cures have been used to treat it. Since the mechanism of the disease is yet not fully understood, treatments are only ways to alleviate the pain and at best, slow down the pathological process enough to make time for improvement. This paper is a retrospective study of 71 horses treated by a protocol at Hästsjukhuset Strömsholm. The protocol implies three visits at zero, five and fifteen weeks. At each the horse is evaluated and treated by a veterinarian.