The stakeholders for requirements elicitation need to be identified at an early stage and their knowledge is the basis for what is to become a requirements specification. Just because a stakeholder holds a lot of expertise and knowledge it does not mean that the stakeholder can communicate the knowledge in a clear way. Validation of knowledge means that knowledge is valued and recognized in a structured way. People and organizations can evolve by exchanging knowledge, experience and skills.  The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of knowledge management between requirement elicitation and external stakeholders.

The purpose of this master thesis is to map and analyze the appropriate valuation approaches used for Intellectual Property rights and develope a model for valuing patents. This project has been executed on behalf of Electrolux?s Group Intellectual Property and is intended to be used for managerial purposes.Project limitations include patents that doesent concern technology oriented products and services, real option methods, financial forecasts, decisions concerning patents taken by the R&D division, patent applications in general and taking into account unexpected future management decisions regarding patents.Electrolux?s Intellextual Property team applies, manages and protects the groups Intellectual Property rights including patents, designs and trademarks. With an increased globalization and the rise of emerging markets, incentives have increased further to protect and safeguard the group?s innovations.Mainly there are three different valuations approaches for valuing intellectual property rights, these include the income based approach, cost base approach and market based approach.

Grammatikundervisningens plats i skolan har förändrats genom historien och denna uppsats har för avsikt att undersöka om begreppskunskapen är viktigare än nyttan för elever med svenska som modersmål i grammatikundervisningen på gymnasieskolan idag. Med hjälp av en kvantitativ enkätundersökning utreds gymnasiepedagogers syn på ?grammatik? och grammatikundervisning. I definitionen av ?grammatik? framkommer mest frekvent av respondenterna att det handlar om språkets uppbyggnad, språkets struktur och en medvetenhet om språkriktighet.

Med en ansats i kognitiva teorier om de omedvetna processer som kan ligga bakom fenomenet intuition undersöks i denna kvalitativa studie begreppet ?intuitiva användargränssnitt? på djupet. En teorisyntes om vad intuition är och hur det fungerar presenteras. I en empirisk undersökning i form av kvalitativa intervjuer frågas interaktionsdesigners om deras definition av begreppet intuitiva användargränssnitt. Resultaten från undersökningen ställs därefter i relation till det teoretiska materialet.

Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur fritidspedagoger uppfattar den aktuella situationen rörande samverkan och ansvar inom såväl grundskolan som fritidshemmet. Tanken med studien var även att belysa deras åsikter och medvetenhet kring fritidshemmets integrering i skolan och det nya kravet på lärarlegitimation. Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ metod och med kvalitativ intervju som verktyg. I resultatet visar respondenterna en generellt god insikt kring ansvar och samverkan. Samtliga upplever en god samverkan lokalt men tror att situationen ser annorlunda ut nationellt.

Grammatikundervisningens plats i skolan har förändrats genom historien och denna uppsats har för avsikt att undersöka om begreppskunskapen är viktigare än nyttan för elever med svenska som modersmål i grammatikundervisningen på gymnasieskolan idag. Med hjälp av en kvantitativ enkätundersökning utreds gymnasiepedagogers syn på ?grammatik? och grammatikundervisning. I definitionen av ?grammatik? framkommer mest frekvent av respondenterna att det handlar om språkets uppbyggnad, språkets struktur och en medvetenhet om språkriktighet.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva och analysera huvudsakligen lärares upplevelse av "den goda examinationen", i bemärkelsen examination som främjar lärande på högskole-/universitetsnivå, i relation till vad studenterna förväntas lära sig, s.k. förväntade studieresultat. Metoden är kvalitativ med abduktiv ansats och resultatinsamlingen bygger på fokusgrupp-intervjuer med studenter, en granskning av kursplaner och intervjuer med lärare. Lärarna menar att de förväntade studieresultaten är viktiga för deras planering och genomförande av kurser och tillhörande examinationer, även om de också påpekar att yttre förhållanden som tid och gruppstorlekar ibland hindrar den ideala examinationen med tanke på studenters lärande. Kursplanernas förväntade studieresultat förefaller dock ganska oviktiga för studenterna.

The recent financial crisis has entailed in a fierce debate whether CEOs variable remuneration has caused unsound risk exposure in public companies. Hence it is considered as interesting to elucidate if this connection exists empirically. With grounding in principal-agent theory, and its implicit assumption of risk adverse agents, this study aims to find empirical evidence for a positively correlated relationship between CEOs variable remuneration and company risk exposure. Through a regression analysis of multidimensional data from 102 listed Swedish companies during the period of 2000-2009, we show that the relationship between CEOs variable remuneration and company risk, in contrast to our expectations, is significantly negative. The coherent result is interpreted as the inherent risk in companies seems to explain the usage of variable remuneration for CEO, rather than vice versa.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the narrative in You are a bad man, mr Gum! to be able to understand and explain the intermedial aspects of the work. I assume an intermedial, narratological and reception theory perspective in my analysis. The method of close reading is used combined with a reader-oriented perspective. I examine the medial aspects of the chosen work through the pictures, the text, and the iconicity of the typographical pattern of the text. To reach my goal, the following questions are dealt with: What is the character of the narration? How do the various media interact in the production of meaning? What is the relationship between the text and the implicit reader? What is the narratological difference between reading the book aloud and silently? The theoretical framework f the paper consists of narratological and intermedial theories.

Failed system development projects are a common sight within the IT-industry. During the last ten years we have seen several more or less disastrous high profile projects being reported in the news. One aspect that might hold some of the responsibility for these failures is the fact that more organisations are knowledge intensive which makes their work processes difficult to capture in computer systems. How requirements engineering is handled becomes even more important in these cases, where processes are unpredictable and rely on individual judgement and knowledge. In this study we have examined the challenges of developing systems for knowledge intensive businesses through a method of qualitative case study of a university laboratory.

Organizations that want to maintain a good innovation capability can seek knowledge both within and outside its boundaries. Opening up innovation processes, through so-called open innovation, allows organizations to combine internal and external knowledge sources in order to include previously excluded perspectives to the innovation process. This study examines how knowledge is created and transferred when conducting open innovation through crowdsourcing. It is done based on Nonaka?s (1991; 1994) theory of how knowledge is created through conversion processes, where implicit knowledge can be converted into explicit knowledge and vice versa.

The Swedish education system reflects the multicultural society in Sweden, therefore there is a need of school textbooks that pupils can identify themselves with to create meaning and value in their learning. According to the Swedish Education Administrations (Skolverkets) report (2006) and Selander (2003, s. 198) the school textbooks are the main source of education in class. There has been an implicit message in the older textbooks that is associated with the belief that non-Europeans are "seen" as victims, and that Europeans are privileged with a "good life".Many school texbooks has been analyzed from different points of perspectives, however, analysis from a postcolonial perspective on home economics books has practically been nonexistent.Analysis in this study are focused on how non-western people are been portrayed in six different textbooks in the subject to conclude if the colonial discourse is still maintained and reproduced in the school. To answer the question of formulation an image analysis is made of the six, previiously mentioned, textbooks.

National libraries hold large, valuable repositories of often unique materials. How can we ensure that the knowledge is accessible without endangering the materials that hold the knowledge? Digital preservation is meant to solve this problem. With more and more material being accessible digitally, users are expected to do more and more of the finding on their own, instead of being guided by librarians. What kind of knowledge do the librarians have, that cannot be mediated through a system? How is the knowledge of experienced librarians passed on to new librarians? What is the difference between physical and digital materials? I have interviewed senior and junior librarians of Det Kongelige Bibliotek in Copenhagen, Nasjonalbiblioteket in Oslo, the National Library in Helsinki, and Kungliga Biblioteket in Stockholm to learn about their journey to knowledge of their collections.

Our society is based on a heterosexual norm. This may lead to the fact that LGBT-persons have a poorer health status than the heterosexual population. The nurse education lacks information and courses that highlights sexual identity. This is defective since healthcare staff needs knowledge on the subject to be able to treat patients in a professional and respectful manner. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how heteronormativity influences the treatment of patients within a healthcare context.

Uppsatsen studerar förekomsten av kulturreferenser, det vill säga syftningar och refereringar till kulturella fenomen, i svensk dagspress kulturjournalistik. Kulturreferenser fungerar som koder som antingen kan avläsas eller är obegripliga för läsaren, och undersökningens syfte är att reda ut hur kodmaterialet skiljer sig mellan olika genrer inom kulturjournalistiken. Källmaterialet är Dagens Nyheters och Svenska Dagbladets kulturdelar, perioden 14 till 20 april 2011, vilket ska representera en vanlig nyhetsvecka. Undersökningen visar att användandet av kulturreferenser skiljer sig mellan genrer beroende på textens syfte. I opinionstexter är det vanligt förekommande med kulturreferenser som stärker skribentens förtroende.