Private state aid enforcement with respect to below market value transactions carried out by Swedish municipalities ? A study on the conformity of Swedish procedural and substantial rules with the principle of effectiveness of EC law Recently in Sweden, several local governmental entities (municipalities) have engaged in commercial transactions that, essentially, have been aimed at transferring the ownership of public services ? for example schools and local medical care centers ? to private undertakings. A few of these transactions have been declared by Swedish administrative courts to constitute illegal below market value transfers of public resources. The essay seeks to determine whether the Swedish national provisions that govern legal claims based on the directly effective Art. 88(3) of the EC Treaty, are compatible with the principle of effectiveness, i.e.

Background and problem: Since the new law took place in 1999, it has been illegal towash a car with substances that can damage the environment on a paved street or on a driveway through a garage. This has conveyed to a new industry where more and more self-service car wash facility have opened around the country. Vetlanda Vägkrog AB has since 2012 been planning to install manual self-service car wash facility at the back of their restaurant business. The authors mission was to make an analysis in order to examine whether an investment of carwashes are lucrative enough for Vetlanda Vägkrog AB.Aim: The study's main objective was to analyze the profitability of an investment in a self-service car wash facility at Vetlanda Vägkrog AB, based on given data. The authors sub-aim was to clarify which factors in general that had played the greatest part in the establishment of a self-service car wash facility.Method: The authors have used an abductive approach in order to fulfill the aim of the study.

Det finns en hel del forskning om högerpopulistiska partiers relation till massmedier, och hur den högerextrema rörelsen använder sociala medier. Hur högerpopulistiska partier använder material från medierna för att rama in sina politiska budskap är däremot mindre utforskat.Frågeställningarna för undersökningen var hur Sverigedemokraterna agerar som news aggregator på sin Facebook-sida i samband med riksdagsvalet 2014, och hur partiet ramar in det redaktionella material de länkar till. En kvalitativ undersökning med utgångspunkt i teorin om framing gjordes av samtliga officiella inlägg på Sverigedemokraternas Facebook-sida under perioden 140801 ? 141031. Inläggen grupperades utifrån sex teman (mobilisering, Sverigedemokraterna mot etablissemanget, välfärd, ekonomi, invandring och hotet mot Sverige).

Smuggling av alkohol är illegal verksamhet i Sverige och ett stort problem som sett till det senaste året har ökat oroväckande bland privatpersoner. Detta kan bland annat vara en följd av landets höga alkoholskatter och den höga avkastning denna brottsliga verksamhet ger. Alkoholsmugglingen är ett uppmärksammat problem i media och andra offentliga forum. Svenskarnas alkoholkonsumtion har ökat avsevärt och i paritet med det även vålds-brottsligheten. Kan detta ha ett samband? Informationen som ligger till grund för rapporten är hämtad från olika Internetsidor samt en telefonintervju med Sune Rydén på Tullverket.

This study is aimed to increase the knowledge about the Swedish immigration authorities? assessment of the asylum applications based on particularly distressing circumstances, submitted by disabled undocumented migrants. Making an attempt to explain the reasons of asylum-seekers? health deterioration during the asylum process, this study determines the factors in migration authorities proceedings affecting such deterioration. Documents in five personal files concerning six disabled asylum-seekers, whose applications were declined, were studied by applying two observational methods: content analysis of the documents in the personal files and non-participant observations made during receptions of undocumented migrants at the Swedish Asylum Committee.

I Sverige har det skett en ökad invandring under 1900-talets senare hälft vilket har lett till ett nu mångkulturellt svenskt samhälle. Detta har gjort att allt fler barn idag har mer än ett språk. Skolan är en plattform där alla dessa barn möts för att lära och utvecklas tillsammans med andra barn, från andra kulturer och med andra modersmål . Dessa barn har alla med sig olika erfarenheter in i skolan och när de möts sker ett lärande. Då flerspråkiga barn möter den svenska skolan och dess undervisning möter de den utifrån det svenska språket.

This paper is a critique of the hegemonic democracy ideal in France today, the myth of the Republic. Based on critical theory, the paper also contains a normative attempt giving the chance to subaltern groups to tell their, less often heard, version of the "truth".The theoretical foundation is the ontological narrative perspective, where identities and actions are understood as being constructed by the telling of stories. The interdependent relations of different narrative dimensions are analyzed. The power over who gets to tell the story of the "truth" is understood as decided in the interaction by dimensions of metanarrativity, public narratives, ontological narratives and conceptual narrativity. The author argues, inspired by Chantal Mouffe, that consensus is an illusion based on exclusion of those that differ.

This thesis examines the organization Empower and their members, who consist of sex working women in Thailand. The purpose is to explore the more liberal point of view of prostitution and how the female members perceive Empower. Furthermore the study investigates if the organization can improve the sex workers empowerment. The study also delineates how these women reflect on their professional role as a sex working woman and whether the women relate to feminine discourses. The study is implemented in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the fall of the year 2010 and is based on qualitative methods like interview, focus group, observations and text analysis.

Abstract:Title: Engelska (Svenska)Number of pages: 40 (47 including appendix)Author: Carl StrandTutor: Göran SvenssonCourse: Media and Communication Studies CPeriod: Fall 2005University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityPurpose/Aim: The purpose of this essay is to analyze how young people, in the ages 18 to 25, relate to the subject of file sharing, and what their attitudes to this phenomenon are. I aim to describe how they use file sharing, their knowledge about it, how their usage have changed due to the new copyright law, what their stands are on the question of resource control and management on the Internet, and what they think of the future of file sharing.Material/Method: The method being used is a qualitative focus group interview model, used to investigate how young people look at the subject of file sharing. The results of the interviews is then applied to a theoretical framework based on thoughts of Denis McQuail, Lawrence Lessig concerning creativity, copyright, resource management and file sharing on the InternetMain Results: My conclusion is that the widespread file sharing habits of young people is not only caused by the temptation of getting free stuff, but of the lack of commercial and legal alternatives. Youths are willing to pay for media if the distribution is superior to the illegal file sharing alternative. They are a generation of young people that has grown up in a society where the tendency in many fields has been to make everything faster and more effective.

Surrogacy is an arrangement in which a woman carries, delivers, and then relinquishes a baby to commissioning parents. The arrangement challenges traditional norms and definitions of reproduction, pregnancy and motherhood, and at the same time raises difficult ethical, philosophical and social questions. There is currently an ongoing debate in Sweden, where all forms of surrogacy is illegal. The debate is polemical and harsh, with advocates arguing that surrogacy is defensible on the basis of individual rights and women's right to choose over their own bodies, and those in opposition are convinced on an intersectional basis that women are being used and exposed on the market of surrogacy.The purpose of this study is to investigate the debate on surrogacy in the Swedish context. Using qualitative text analysis, the study aims to increase understanding about the debate over surrogacy by analyzing texts published in Swedish press during 2010-2013.

I detta arbete underso?ks niondeklassares attityder gentemot bilda?mnet, graffiti samt den illegala aspekten av graffiti. Graffiti a?r ett visuellt uttryck vars vara eller icke vara i skolans bilda?mne a?r omdebatterat. I fo?rha?llande till Jan Thavenius (2003) resonemang om skolans ra?dsla fo?r att info?rliva en radikal estetik i undervisningen framsta?r graffiti som a?mnesstoff som en va?lkommen didaktisk utmaning.

Sverige är ett mångkulturellt samhälle med en ständig invandring. I arbetet som sjuksköterska kommer hon/han att möta människor från andra kulturer och med annat modersmål. Vårdmötet i en sådan situation är en utmaning för sjuksköterskan som de kan uppleva antingen positiv eller negativ. Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på hur sjuksköterskor upplever vårdandet av patienter från främmande länder. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar analyserade med hjälp av kvalitativ modell.

Different studies have shown that somewhere between 10 000 and 75 000 persons live in Sweden as undocumented migrants. They are not entitled to basic human and social rights such as access to health care on the same basis as persons holding a residence permit in Sweden. Undocumented migrants are often exploited as workers in the informal economy and they are not allowed to organize in unions. The Swedish Social Services is by law bound to care for all people living in Sweden, though in reality undocumented migrants are excluded from benefits and efforts granted by the Social Services. Our aim with the study has been to investigate the situation of undocumented migrants in Sweden and in relation to Social Services.

This study is about howStockholm?s policy for zero tolerance of graffiti from 2007 affected the graffiti culture inStockholm. We have researched what consequences there were for the practice of graffiti, and what consequences there were for the stylistic performance of graffiti. In doing so, we have had two focus group interviews and one deep interview including eight graffiti writers from Stockholm. The individuals in the groups have been practising graffiti for a varied amount of time, but we have representation from both before, and after/during the policy of zero tolerance from 2007. Our study shows that the result ofStockholm?s policy for zero tolerance of graffiti for the graffiti culture inStockholmwas a ?subcultureification?, a ?stylistic generalization? and the ?subculture?s ambivalent identity?.

Reformen av det svenska pensionssystemet 1999 syftade bland annat till att minska den demografiska risken som en åldrande befolkning har på systemet. Sverige valde ett system som grundar sig på ett fördelningssystem med fiktiva pensionskonton (inkomstpensionen) och ett fonderat pensionssystem med verkliga pensionskonton (premiepensionen).Eftersom en åldrande befolkning medför utmaningar och påfrestningar för ett pensionssystem, behandlar uppsatsen hur demografiska förändringar påverkar pensionerna i det svenska pensionssystemet i ett makroekonomiskt sammanhang. Uppsatsarbetet är främst baserat på studier av litteratur och statistik samt intervjuer.Slutsatserna visar att demografiska förändringar som resulterar i en åldrande befolkning har en negativ finansiell inverkan på det svenska pensionssystemet, det vill säga att pensionerna påverkas negativt. Höga antaganden på de tre demografiska förändringsfaktorerna (fruktsamhet, mortalitet och migration) har i praktiken bara en liten positiv effekt på försörjningsbördan i de olika demografiska scenarierna, och kan därmed inte var för sig motverka den åldrande befolkningens finansiella inverkan. En kombination av exempelvis högre fruktsamhet och högre invandring skulle däremot ge en större positiv effekt på försörjningsbördan.