Lågkolhydratkost har funnits sedan 1921 och formulerades som en behandling för epilepsi. Under åren har populariteten för lågkolhydratkost varierat, men har på senare år ökat. I Sverige har förespråkare fått publicitet i samband med kosten Low Carb High Fat (LCHF), som innefattar en hög andel fett och en låg andel kolhydrater. De kostråd som LCHF förespråkar står i motsats till de rådande kostrekommendationerna i Sverige. Den mat som föredras är individuell och det finns många dieter att välja mellan.

Bakgrund: Förekomsten av obesitas bland barn och ungdomar har under de senaste tio åren ökat drastiskt och fortsätter att öka. Trots rekommendationer från WHO har schemalagd fysisk aktivitet (FA) under skoltid minskats, även i hemmet har det stillasittande beteendet ökat allteftersom elektronisk utrustning används mer. Barn och ungdomars deltagande i fysiska aktiviter på fritiden har minskat och gett plats åt ?screen-time?. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att genom en litteratursammanställning undersöka vilka effekter FA, diet, beteendeterapi och stillasittande beteende har, samt vilka orsaker som finns till obesitas hos barn och ungdomar.Metod: Datainsamling via artikelsök i databaser.

Horses are grazers with a digestive system that is adapted for a high fiber diet. Forage is a fiber rich feed that includes grass and legumes. A deficiency of forage and an excess of grains may cause gut disturbances and stereotypic behavior. The aim of this literature study was to summarize information on the horse?s capacity to consume forage-only diets with focus on the horse?s need of energy and protein.

The weather has been extremely rainy the last summers in Sweden. Because of the rain, a lot of harvested straw has been lost since it was too wet to store. When the pig producers couldn?t get enough straw to use as bedding, an alternative was requested. Silage is a realistic alternative to straw but since silage often contains clover, it may not be suitable to use in pig production since clover is rich in phytoestrogens.

Most of the goats in the world exist in the developing countries where they are important in the meat industry. In Europe, goats are mostly kept for milk production although the interest for meat is growing. Goats have a thin carcass with only small amounts of intramuscular fat, which gives a lean meat. This thin subcutaneous fat cover can cause cold shortening when chilling the carcass. By using electrical stimulation cold shortening can be prevented.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a dietary change, physical activity or a combination of both gave the best result when treating obesity, concerning weight loss and BMI. Excessive weight and obesity are today a big health-issue and it is estimated that 10 % of the men and 12 % of the women in Sweden have a BMI over 30, i.e. are suffering from obesity. The corresponding number for children is 3 %. No one can say for sure what causes obesity but there are many theories.

Bakgrund Diabetes typ II är ett globalt och nationellt växande hälsoproblem. Lågkolhydratkost har väckt debatt i samhället, men har enligt studier resulterat i gynnsamma effekter för patientgruppen. Socialstyrelsen rekommenderar måttlig lågkolhydratkost som en av flera primära alternativ till kosthållning för patienter med diabetes typ II.Syfte Att undersöka diabetessjuksköterskors attityd och kunskap gällande lågkolhydratkost vid diabetes typ II.Metod Kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer med sju diabetessjuksköterskor inom Uppsalas primärvård.Resultat Diabetessjuksköterskorna hade observerat positiva effekter i sitt kliniska arbete av kolhydratreduktion, men ingen sjuksköterska gav måttlig lågkolhydratkost som rekommendation i första hand till patienterna. Farhågor för att lågkolhydratkost, främst orsakat av ett ökat fettintag, skulle kunna resultera i en ökning av risken för hjärt-kärlsjukdom eller andra negativa hälsoeffekter skildrades. Medvetenheten gällande kostrekommendationer och uppdateringen kring aktuell forskning varierade.Slutsats Medvetenhet och kunskap gällande lågkolhydratkost som kosthållning vid diabetes typ II varierade hos diabetessjuksköterskor inom Uppsalas primärvård.

Enligt matvaneundersökningar har unga vuxna sämst matvanor. Detta är ett stort hälsoproblem eftersom dåliga matvanor ökar risken för sjukdomar. Trots att allmänheten har goda kunskaper om de svenska kostråden äter de flesta inte efter dem. Ett problem kan ligga i Livsmedelverket oförmåga att nå ut och övertyga allmänheten att äta efter deras kostråd. Förespråkare för populära dieter är däremot bättre på att marknadsföra sig och har fler följare.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionABSTRACTTitle: The connection between IBS and FODMAPsAuthor: Helena Hautamäki and Rebecka BertilssonSupervisor: Sofia KlingbergExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-10Background: IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, and is acommon disorder in the western population. The predominant symptoms are diarrhoea,abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and excessive flatus. Today there are no evidence basedrecommendations concerning dietary factors for patients diagnosed with IBS, but recently certainfactors in the diet that seems to trigger the symptoms have been identified. These factors areshort-chain carbohydrates, Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, andPolyols (FODMAPS), which are not completely absorbed in the lumen.Objective: The purpose of this systematic review article is to examine whether there are anyevidence that a diet low in FODMAPs may induce improvement of symptoms in patientsdiagnosed with IBS.Search strategy: The literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Scopus,Summon and Google Scholar. The keywords were ?Irritable bowel syndrome + FODMAPs?,?Irritable bowel syndrome + diet? and ?FODMAP and diet?.Selection criteria: The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with IBS between the ages 18and 69.

Raw food, eller råkost diet kan ses som en växande trend i västvärlden och även i Sverige. Det har kommit ut raw food böcker på svenska, på internet finns det svenska diskussionsforum, bloggar och butiker som alla har dedikerat sig till rawfoodister, första raw food restauranger har öppnats i landet. Raw food är en form av vegankost; den består av frukt, grönsaker, nötter, frön och kallpressade oljor. Maten värms inte upp mer än 40 C, torkning och frysning accepteras, många äter mjölksyrade grönsaker, groddade spannmål och baljväxter. Kaffe, alkohol, raffinerat socker, vit mjöl och salt undviks.

The institution of Engineering Sciences at Uppsala University in cooperation with Umea? University is working on a project where they will examine the decision-making in extreme situations. A part of this project is to investigate leadership in high altitudes expeditions.This report will discusses the type of leadership used in high altitudes expeditions. Then, to examine how well you can use it in companies and organizations, and the ability to prevent company?s disasters with this kind of leadership.This is done by studying different company?s stories, where they gone bankrupt or fallen into a deep crisis.

This is a study concern high school student?s view of religion and their religiosity. I dispensed a questionnaire to 124 high school students studying comparative religion in a large high school in Sweden, with the students from different socio-economic backgrounds. The result I came up with is that traditional religion activities have decreased, religion has not disappeared but taken other shapes than before. And I also came up to with the result that more than half of them who answered the survey likes the subject and there are tendencies by them who doesn?t like the high school subject religion that they live in a non-religious family.The study concerns following aspects: sociology, youth, human needs, religion, spirituality and individualization..

After parturition the energy demand for milk production is greater then the energy provided from the diet. The cow mobilises therefore body tissues to compensate for the energy loss. Live weight and body condition scores decreases as a consequence of the mobilisation. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between body condition score, live weight and subcutaneous fat depth measured by ultrasound and the changes during the lactation. Possible differences between Swedish Holstein (SLB) and Swedish Red and White Cattle (SRB) were also investigated.

Man spends most part of the day at work and is therefore influenced by it?s ambience. That?s why it?s important that the environment at work is health promoting and can function as a supportive environment. The purpose of this study was to describe job satisfaction among employees and to analyse a possible connection between job satisfaction and employees experiences of SOC.

This master thesis has been performed at Vattenfall Power Consultant in Gothenburg and Trollhättan for Vattenfall Vattenkraft. In this report vacuum circuit breaker in small-scale hydropower stations with the rated power 4 MVA and below has been studied. Models of the stations are modeled and analyzed in PSCAD/EMTDC to study the high voltage transients that are created after current chopping with vacuum circuit breaker. Vacuum circuit breaker may chop the current before it reaches zero value, which means that high voltage transients can be created. The equipment of the stations can be destroyed by high voltage transients.The purpose of this thesis is to examine the use of vacuum circuit breaker in small-scale hydropower stations and the risk for high voltage transients from current chopping.According to the results there is a risk of high voltage transients after current chopping with small synchronous generators in stations with the operating voltages 0.4 kV and 3.6 kV.