Rotskärsskolan is located in Skutskär, Älvkarleby municipality and the school conducted today consists of lower secondary. The school was built in the early 1960s and contains three buildings. Today there is a great need for reconstruction of Rotskärsskolan, when the premises are worn out and not suitable for today's education. It must therefore be a phased change involving all the school buildings, starting in the winter of 2008/2009.Our degree project involves one of these buildings, called house F. This building will, by a recent decision, be adjusted for classes from preschool up to grade five, special school and leisure activities when some of the municipality's schools will consolidate.

Abandoned and unused railway structures often possess great potential if they are reclaimed and reused for new purposes. The thesis focuses on the global trend of restoring and revitalizing these areas, converting them into park areas, rail trails and green corridors in the city landscape, while preserving their ecological, social, esthetic and historic values. These rail areas were often abandoned when industries moved out from the cities, either to industrial areas or abroad. The use of railways for transporting industrial goods was also replaced to a large extent my motorized road vehicles in the mid 20th century, leaving the rails under-utilized. Because of their location and intrinsic values, they can be reused for important functions, such as green areas in the city environment, providing space for recreational activities and exercise and social meetings and interactions. I have closely investigated the three park areas High Line in New York, Promenade Plantée in Paris and Schöneberger Südgelände in Berlin, which have all gone through this transformation in recent years. I have summarized my conclusions in three key concepts to consider: design for social values, preserve the architectural history, and leave room for future evolution. The final part of my work is a design program for an abandoned railways area in Stockholm: Eriksdal railway area.

The purpose with this essay was to examine how the European Union is working totransfer norms to states they signed an agreement with and provide support for inframe of the Barcelona process and the Tacis programme. The theory which weused was Ian Manners (PhD in Political Science) theory of "the EU as a uniquenormative power". The aim was to examine whether the EU - which Manners mean- has had a normative power to influence states to change. We used a qualitativeapproach through the use of a multiple case study and qualitative text and contentanalysis. The States which formed the basis of our study were within the BarcelonaProcess; Morocco and Tunisia as well as Azerbaijan and Armenia funded by theTacis programme.

Antalet arbetslösa ungdomar är stort i dagens samhälle. Det finns många åtgärder som bedrivs av landets kommuner som riktar sig till unga arbetslösa socialbidragstagare, men det finns för lite kunskap om dessas innehåll och resultat, samt om hur deltagandet i dessa åtgärder upplevs av ungdomarna själva.Syftet med denna studie är att få en ökad förståelse för vilka komponenter som deltagare iungdomsprojekt anser vara viktiga och varför. Vi vände oss till deltagare i projektet Green Team,som riktades mot långtidsarbetslösa ungdomar mellan 21 ? 25 år och som finansierades avstadsdelen Angered. Projektets syfte var att höja ungdomarnas sociala kompetens för att underlätta deras etablering på arbetsmarknaden.

En berättarteknisk studie av "Ligeia", "The Tell-Tale Heart" samt "The Fall of the House of Usher". Studien fokuseras till kunskap respektive destruktivitet och dess funktion i de skilda novellerna. Genom att se till de berättartekniska aspekterna skapas en ny ingång till förståelsen för novellerna och en ny grund för en kompletterande motivanalys. De tre novellernas narrativa framställning och strukturella uppbyggnad skiljer sig men delar vissa gemensamma grepp vilket möjliggör för vidgad förståelse av novellerna..

Offentlig upphandling har till syfte att undvika snedvriden konkurrens och ge anbudsgivare likvärdiga möjligheter att tilldelas ett offentligt kontrakt. Däremot krävs det ingen offentlig upphandling när en offentlig myndighet utför ett uppdrag i egen regi. Det finns även möjligheter för myndigheter att utföra verksamhet genom fristående enheter, som då jämställs med verksamhet i egen regi. För att sådan verksamhet ska undantas från upphandlingsskyldighet ställs särskilda kriterier upp för relationen mellan myndigheten och den fristående enheten. Kontrollkriteriet kräver att den upphandlande myndigheten har kontroll över den fristående enheten som den har över sin egen förvaltning och verksamhetskriteriet att den fristående enheten bedriver huvuddelen av sin verksamhet tillsammans med den eller de myndigheter som innehar den.Situationer där myndigheter samarbetar med andra myndigheter genom avtal har också på senare tid ansetts omfattas av undantag från upphandlingsskyldighet.

Traditional product features such as price, quality and supply service have been extended and nowadays includes environmental aspects as well. It raises new and increasing demands on haulier companies. The transport sector is responsible for a large part of the pollutants causing today?s environmental problems. The business is being closely monitored and to operate environmental friendly is seen as one of the most important elements for the industry?s future development.

More efficient energy consumption is essential to secure a sustainable future, not least within the building and real estate sector which answers for approximately 40 % of the EU countries total energy consumption. One part of EU: s work to reduce the energy consumption is the directive on energy performance of buildings which among other things have lead to stricter demands on energy performance in new and renovated buildings.One of the difficulties with making buildings more energy effective is that it often demands big investments and although it results in lower operating costs the extent of these savings and therefore also the repayment time can be difficult to decide beforehand. To make it interesting for property owners and also tenants to invest in energy efficient buildings powerful incentives are needed. Favorable loans to energy efficiency projects are one example of governmental instruments that have been tested in other European countries with good results.Reduced operating costs appear to be the main incentive for property owners to make their buildings more energy efficient. The best result of an energy efficiency project is usually achieved by cooperation between property owners and tenants but in order to make that interesting it is important that both parts can profit from the savings.

There has always been global warming on earth and it is because of it that the earth is inhabitable. Without global warming the temperature on earth would be around -18 ° C instead of today's + 15 ° C. Global warming is generated by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane which trap long wave radiation in the earth's atmosphere. The problem today is that the global concentration of green house gases has significantly increased since the 1750's as a result of human activity. Today's values widely exceed the preindustrial values.

Prefabricering eller platsbyggt hus? Många ställer sig den frågan. Vad finns det för fördelar respektive nackdelar med prefabgentemot platsbyggt hus? Vilka ritningar behövs och hur går man tillväga?Detta examensarbete är en framtagning på hur man anpassar ett småhus till prefabricering.Platsbyggt hus är ett hus som byggs på plats. Material fraktas dit, förvaras och kapas.Den vanligaste byggmetoden för byggande av hus.Prefabricering av hus är däremot ett hus som byggs i en fabrik eller industri.

Hudiksvall Municipality will build a new preschool. The goal is that the pre-school should reflect the municipality's environmental goals and meet building regulations. The wall structures that are compared in the report is an insulated wooden frame and a frame of lightweight concrete blocks from H + HWall structures are compared within the areas of U-values, air tightness, thermal storage capacity, fire ratings, moisture, durability, emissions and environment. In these categories the two wall structures will be rated in a scale from 1 to 5 and then the categories are weighted against each other. The weighting is based on Hudiksvall Municipality's assessment of the categories importanse for their final selection.The results of the comparison show that the concrete structure is recommended for the construction of pre-school with 27.55 points against the wooden structures 23.70 points.

The climate issue is a significant question, and the problem is mainly caused by human activities. Everyone can help to counteract the enhanced Greenhouse effect by reducing the amounts of energy they use and by not consuming more products then they need.Schools are some of societies many consumers and therefore contribute to the Greenhouse effect. The School also has an important task; to teach and disseminate knowledge and information about the climate and the environment. According to the Swedish National Agency for Education, Skolverket, must all schools regularly consider the environment and sustainable development throughout the entire education process. Unfortunately, this is not the case for many schools in Sweden today.One of many tools that can be used to coordinate environmental work and initiatives, and also to make it more efficient, is environmental management systems.

I uppsatsen undersöks ett antal aktörer från näringslivet för att se hur de beräknar sin klimatbelastning. För att få fram en så korrekt utsläppsbedömning som möjligt behöver växthusemissionerna en kvantitativ grund där primära och sekundära utsläppskällor beräknas på den senaste informationen. Denna bas blir således ett verktyg för de organisationer som vill få fram ett kvantitativt beslutsunderlag för sina utsläpps/emissions faktorer och därmed deras totala klimatbelastning. Uppsatsen tar därmed upp ett mycket aktuellt och relevant tema för många företag, inte minst för de företag och organisationer som önskar klimatkompensera sina utsläpp av växthusgaser.En empirisk datainsamling genomfördes inom näringslivet som därefter analyserades med uppgift att belysa eventuella svårigheter som uppdagades i beräkningarna av utsläppskällorna..

The purpose of this study is to find out how housebuilding meets the demands of availability for people with some sort of disability. The rules and demands of availability are stated in Boverkets byggregler, BBR and the Swedish standard, SS 91 42 21:2006 (publ.5). The projects in this study are compared to the rules and demands of BBR and SS 91 42 21:2006 (publ.5). The rapport studies three different house projects in three different municipalities and the result shows that only three of these nine projects meet the demands of availability for disabled people..

Carbon offsetting means to offset those greenhouse gases that are caused by our actions. The purpose of this paper is to examine how companies are working with carbon offsetting. The focus of the research is how travel agencies and companies that provides carbon offsetting. The writers also highlight the problems carbon offsetting is facing. The study was performed with qualitative methods through interviews with three companies working with carbon offsetting.