There are many elderly buildings, particularly those constructed during the million program, in need of renovations and plumbing replacement. An alternative to the traditional plumbing replacement is the relatively new and untested technique called relining. The purpose of the study is to thoroughly investigate the different types of relining that are currently available on the market to help enhance Peab?s knowledge before purchasing relining services. The theoretical part of this report is based on relevant information provided from companies, previous studies, investigations and reports within the area.

This study highlights the importance of computer technology and its impact on elder care staff's skills development in the public sector. The government presents the digital agenda within which information and communication technology today is considered to have a potential for sustainability, growth and development. According to the EU Commission, there are several important elements that should be improved to digitize the workplace. Among these are digital literacy, collaboration between agencies and increased investments in research, education and innovation. New technology can be understood in different ways by individuals, some see the computer as something positive and exciting, while others may find it hard to see the opportunities for learning and development.

Society has an obligation to offer parents support of various types, an example of such a support is ?parent support?. The purpose of this study has been to describe midwives and child health care nurses conceptions of the need for early parent support. The definition of early parent support in this study is the first two weeks after delivery. Since the 1970:ies the Swedish delivery and ?BB? care has changed in that the time in hospital care after delivery has been reduced from in average six days, till an average of two days.

Background: Almost every 20th child is borne premature in Sweden, before the parents are ready to care for a new family member. The parents need to cope with the stress and anxiety of having their newborn child in the neonatal ward and influenced by nursing care of neonatal staff grow their parental role.Purpose: The aim of this study was to illustrate experiences of parenthood within the care of premature at the neonatal ward.Method: A review where 18 articles between 2000 and 2005 were chosen and examined. The articles were analysed according to VIPS, which facilitates the practical use of the result.Result: The study reveals that parenthood is experienced as a time dependent process with three phases, primary, secondary and tertiary, where the parent?s needs and experiences changed character. The parents experienced that they developed from passive to active in the care of the premature child when the neonatal staff guided their participation, gave information/education and support.

Inledning: Tidigare var det vanligast att dö hemma, vårdad av sina anhöriga. Idag dör den storamajoriteten på olika vårdinrättningar, omgivna av vårdpersonal. Döendeprocessen har på många sättprofessionaliserats vilket fått positiva följder i form av exempelvis bättre symtomlindring men äveninneburit vissa problem då vårdarna saknar den personliga relationen till patienten. Utmaningen försjuksköterskan är att lyckas hitta personen bakom patienten i ett rutinbaserat system. Bakgrund: Attmänniskor lever allt längre medför att många lever en betydande del av sina liv med en eller flerakroniska sjukdomar.

 The aim of this study was to explore Swedish ambulance nurses experiences in caring for sick or wounded children.Method: A qualitative interview study with a descriptive/ explorative design. The sample consists of 10 ambulance nurses, both men and women, with varying years within ambulance service. Trough unstructured questions the data was collected. The data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.Results: Compared to previous published studies the results of this study shows a broader perspective on ambulance nurses experiences in caring for sick or wounded children. The experiences were focused on following five categories:o The character of the alarm o The organization of the work o The specific in the meeting and treating of a child in an ambulance o Children who dies or suffer from a trauma o To work in an ambulance and at the same time being a parent Conclusion: It is always special to take care of a sick or wounded child.

This essay is an analysis of how Swedish sixth form students interpret ?a good society?,an expression which is part of the main content of Religion1, the mandatory course inreligious studies. It is based on a a survey asking 198 students to define and reflect onwhat a good society might look like. A hermeneutic method has been used to analysetheir answers in relation to regulations and research.The conclusion is that although most students show themselves able to reflect on whata good society might be, their ability to use ethical theory and concepts required by thecourse?s grading criteria is limited.

Palliativ vård är en speciell vårdform som inriktar sig på att ge lindrande vård till patienter som lever med en livshotande sjukdom. Den inriktar sig på att lindra patientens obehag och lidande, öka välbefinnandet och skapa förutsättningar för en förbättrad livskvalité. Själva sjukdomen står inte i fokus i den palliativa vården och den erbjuds därför människor med obotlig livshotande sjukdom. Syfte: Syftet var att genom en litteraturstudie beskriva faktorer som sjuksköterskor anger upplevelsen av palliativ vård. Metod: För att ge en objektiv och systematiserad sammanfattning av den befintliga kunskapen görs en litteraturstudie.

This aim of this thesis is to measure the effect of the user interface in real searches on the Internet through a small experiment. Theories on web and search usability and psychological factors concerning usability were first explored. Then three interfaces were constructed, one "good" that followed usability guidelines and had multiple search functions, one "bad" that completely disobeyed those guidelines and had only a simple and small search field, and one "intermediate" interface that was a mix of the two. The search field was set to different sizes, with the shortest in the "bad" interface, a medium field in the "intermediate" interface and several long fields in the "good" interface. All three interfaces were then attached to the same web search engine, Altavista.

Research show evidence for benefits of breastfeeding and that infant-feeding-plans are supportive. Family-centered care is the theoretical framework. Family support is crucial for successful breastfeeding. It is important that society creates opportunities for mothers to breastfeed and contribute information and support by healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the midwives and child healthcare nurses found that the newest breastfeeding strategy influenced their breastfeeding- and rearing support in the County of Jönköping.

With a starting point in the legislation for organic production set up by the Swedishcertification organization KRAV, the reasons to why these regulations are important isexplained and how pigs are affected by these rules. The study also shows how well the pigscope in the organic environment considering the origin of the genetic material; from theconventional pig population. The conclusion is that pigs do function fairly well in the organicproduction environment and the traits affecting their functionality involve: motheringabilities, strong legs, good meat quality, good sow durability and longevity, capacity to eatmuch roughage and dark skin color. There are however still many ways of improving theorganic population of pigs to make them more adjusted to the organic environment; forexample different traits brought into the breeding goals and the choice of good parent animals..

Title: The nurse's dilemma in psychiatric inpatient care - a balancing act between good and evil Objective: To describe the nurse's experience of relieving patient suffering caused by coercive measures on a closed psychiatric ward . Frame of reference : The results are discussed in light of Eriksson´s theory of suffering and caring relationships Method: A qualitative analysis based on focus group discussions Results: The analysis resulted in six categories, to protect the patient , to involve the patient , not to lose control , to remain , to justify compulsion , and to be touched . The results showed that nurses had the experience of being able to relieve the suffering of patients caused by coercive measures. It was also found that the nurses had a tendency to justify coercive measures , the more experience they had of performing these . Conclusion: The results describe that nurses have the experience and knowledge of how to relieve patients' suffering caused by coercion but also their experiences of performing these .

Bakgrund: Att drabbas av ALS är traumatiskt för den drabbade människan och leder vanligtvis till en drastisk förkortning av livet. Att inte försonas med sitt öde kan innebära att den sista tiden i den döende människans liv innefattar förtvivlan och dödsångest. Därför är det viktigt med kunskap om försoning hos vårdpersonal. Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka om och i så fall hur människor med diagnosen ALS ger uttryck för försoning med sin dödliga och snabbt progressiva sjukdom. Metod: Analysen utfördes inspirerat av Lundmans och Hällgren Graneheims (2008) metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att undersöka de latenta uttrycken för begreppet försoning.

Patients with mental illness experience dissatisfaction with their care due to lack of understanding and ignorance from the nurses. The nurses? approach might influence these patients' experience of their care. The purpose of the literature review was to describe nurses' approach in care of patients with mental illness. The literature review is based on an inductive approach and the result is based on 14 scientific papers, of which eight used a qualitative design and sex used a quantitative design.

Background   The patient's rights to self-determine their own health care is described in Swedish legislation and guidelines. However, due to infancy, unconsciousness, severe brain damage or certain diseases, some patients might be unable to make such decisions. Ethically difficult situations do occur, not infrequently associated with culture. Since the patient is vulnerable, there is a risk that the patient in the treatment and care can not be bothered to maintain right to autonomy and that the nurse violates patient integrity.Aim                 The aim of this study was to illustrate the nurse's dilemma when the patient refuses vital caring efforts.Method           A literature review of eight scientific articles with a qualitative approach was performed.Results           The results revealed the following domains to describe the nurse's dilemma when the patient refuses vital care interventions: patients? reasons for treatment refusal, the nurse's understanding of the patient's refusal of care and contradictory legislationConclusion     More knowledge and discussion of the patient's decision-making competence is needed for both the nursing profession and those who make decisions on legislation..