Problem formulation: This paper will examine how the capital structure of firms affects their market valuation by applying the Modigliani-Miller theory on Swedish listed companies in a boom and a recession. The study will examine whether it is possible to draw any conclusions as to whether companies with high debt to equity ratios are valued lower in a recession, in comparison to companies with low debt to equity ratios.Purpose: To empirically test the Modigliani-Miller theory of capital structure in a boom and a recession in order to see if the companies? market value is affected differently depending on whether they have a high or a low debt to equity ratios.Methodology: The essay has a deductive and a quantitative methodological approach. Data analysis was done through a correlation analysis, a regression analysis and a hypothesis testing.Theory: The Modigliani-Miller theory of capital structure with taxes states that companies with a high debt to equity ratios has a higher value. One of the risks with a high level of debt could be that during a financial downturn companies have more difficulty realizing capital and are thus more likely to go bankrupt.Conclusions: The study shows results that are contrary to the Modigliani-Miller's theory; all the correlation analyses between debt to equity ratios and market value are negative.

In early January 2010 the authors participated in a meeting with the chief engineer for a company in which a central part is manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCB). At this meeting it emerged that the machinery and production methods have changed substantially since the early 1990's. The spreadsheet for preliminary production time calculations by the company is today based on conditions from almost 20 years ago. The company has over the years been trying to adjust the spreadsheet template. The result of these adjustments has filled it with historical residue, something which makes the template difficult and time consuming when the primary user tries to handle it.The purpose of this study was to help the company increase its accuracy in the representation of the production times for the different PCB-based products by developing a new costing model based on an already existing but inadequate spreadsheet template. The company also expressed the wish that the new costing model would be less time consuming to work with.The methods used to achieve the goal are interviewing, participatory observations and meetings with relevant persons. The data obtained were analyzed using the theory on PCB production and visualization of data.

The goal of this work has been to create a flexible strategic group-based artificial intelligence for the Arrowhead Game Studios-game Magicka, by implementing, using and examining different AI-techniques that's used in many commercial games in more or less extent. C# is the programming language that has been used in the development, and the implementation has been made as flexible as possible to make further development and extending AI-rules etc. easier..

The use of silicon carbide (SiC) as a base material in power electronics has manyadvantages, including high breakdown voltage and excellent temperature endurance.However, the packaging of such electronics presents major challenges and there is aneed for packaging that can operate in higher temperature. The purpose of this thesishas been to develop a test method and verify the functionality of SiC powertransistors prototypes with a new packaging technique developed by Swerea IVF AB.It includes setting up an electrical test-bed for power and high temperature cyclingand analysis of the results. Even though test confirmed functionality after thepackaging process, (at room temperature) the performance seemed to have been reduced. This could be a result of the measurement setup and the packaging process.In higher temperature the transistors failed to operate longer than a couple ofminutes which showed the weaknesses in the design and the challenges with this typeof packaging..

The study sheds light on how individuals from different countries experience the labour action Komjobb. The study aim to examine in which consideration experiences of the action Komjobb differs among the participants. The study is based on eight qualitative interviews and analyzed by using the method of phenomenography. We have based this research on a theory about Social constructivism. Other theories that we have used are Bauman's theory about the changing value of work in the modern and postmodern society and Andersson's theory of unemployment as a social category.

The aim of this thesis is to form a theory of the green consumer power and to distinguish whether this phenomenon could indicate a movement toward the ecological citizenship. To do so, scientific theories regarding the responsibility of companies have been used, as well as the public choice theory, to link individuals as citizens to individuals as consumers. The motives of corporate environmental responsibility, along with consumers ability to bring pressure in different dimensions, are later drawn on as indicators applied to empirical information. The largest producer of ecological products in Sweden, Arla Foods, is employed as case study to explore if the green consumer power can and does exist. The ecological citizenship uses the ecological footprint, to define in what ways we can minimize our part of environmental degradation.The study seems to strengthen the theory, consumers do have a power to make companies go green and they tend to use it increasingly.

This qualitative study examines how emergency people are framed in Swedish evening-, and local newspapers during the forest fire in Va?stmanland, Sweden 2014. The study also includes if there is any difference between the framing due to the location of the newspaper. The study is based on qualitative text analysis. The theoretical basis is representation, framing theory, media image, media logic and a few conceptions from crisis communication theory.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att se hur Aftonbladets förmedling av risken för ett utbrott av fågelinfluensan har skildrats. Vi var intresserade av att undersöka om risken har förändrats genom de fyra första upptäckterna i Sverige.I vår undersökning har vi kommit fram till att Aftonbladet använder sig av de diskurser som råder i samhället tex. sjukdomsdiskursen, expertdiskursen och nationsdiskursen. Detta anser vi att de gör för att appellera till läsare och skapa ett intresse för tidningen. En annan intressant aspekt som vi har kunnat utläsa var att Aftonbladet har byggt upp och breddat risken för fågelinfluensan, genom att identifiera nya riskgrupper i artikelserien.

When the storm Gudrun hit Sweden on the 8th and 9th of January, many recreational forests in southern Sweden blew down. For this reason there is a demand for new regeneration methods as to how these storm-felled areas should be regenerated and with what species. In this study the forest is divided into three areas: production, recreation/production and recreation. The first area is a forest with production as main goal and these kinds of forests are located a bit from the city. The second type ? recreation/production forest ? has two equal goals: production and recreation, and is located close to the city.

 The aim of this two-years master?s thesis is to examine the role of the body and the importance of nonverbal communication in the library workplace and to explore the possibility of becoming more nonverbally skilled. For this purpose a course was developed and presented to nine librarians in a public library in the vicinity of Stockholm in February, 2011. Qualitative interviews with the librarians were conducted after the course.Important theories for this work were Annemaree Lloyd?s thoughts on corporeality, Erving Goffman?s dramaturgical sociology and John Dewey?s learning by doing.

This qualitative study examines how emergency people are framed in Swedish evening-, and local newspapers during the forest fire in Va?stmanland, Sweden 2014. The study also includes if there is any difference between the framing due to the location of the newspaper. The study is based on qualitative text analysis. The theoretical basis is representation, framing theory, media image, media logic and a few conceptions from crisis communication theory.

Bakgrund: I Sverige är landstinget enligt hälso- och sjukvårdslagen skyldig att upprätta habiliteringsplaner över beslutade insatser för personer med funktionshinder. Planen är ett viktigt instrument inom habiliteringen för att möjliggöra en jämlik delaktig vård samt inflytande i behandling för personer med funktionshinder. Syftet och målen med insatserna ska framgå av planen, som tas fram i samverkan med personen med funktionshinder.Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen var att beskriva personalens uppfattningar och erfarenheter av arbetet med att upprätta och följa upp habiliteringsplaner samt hur habiliteringsplaner används i det dagliga arbetet med personer med funktionshinder.Metod: Designen är en beskrivande studie med en kvalitativ ansats. Totalt analyserades 16 intervjuer med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Analysen utmynnade i fyra kategorier och 14 subkategorier. Informanterna beskrev att det upplevdes som svårt att formulera mål och utvärderingsbara mål som var meningsfulla över tid.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Denna studie har granskat begreppet mental tuffhet och dess roll i sporten baseboll. Syftet var att, genom en kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod, undersöka hur fyra unga svenska pitchers reflekterar över de egenskaper, färdigheter och verktyg associerade till mental tuffhet för att skapa en ökad förståelse i unga pitchers mentala förmåga. Detta genomförs som den första svenska idrottspsykologiska studien i sitt slag.Hur upplever unga basebollspelare olika aspekter av de innefattande egenskaper och färdigheter som omfattar mental tuffhet?Besitter unga basebollspelare som håller en jämn prestationsnivå under match även en högre grad av mental tuffhet?Metod: Studien består av en kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod där ett urval av fyra pitchers först statistiskt har observerats under match för att sen intervjuas med en semistrukturerad intervjumetod. Statistikinsamling genomfördes med syftet att kvantitativt granska deras prestation under match sett till lyckade och misslyckade kast.

Syftet med studien var att få en ökad kunskap om 15-åringars uppfattningar om kränkningar och trakassering på internet och vad de menar kan ha en motverkande effekt på att problemet uppstår. Datainsamling blev genomförd genom fyra fokusgruppintervjuer med 15-åringar från en skola i Sydsverige. Grounded theory användes för analys av intervjuerna. Resultaten teoretiserades ut i från ett genusperspektiv.Resultaten visade att Internet är en given del av ungdomarnas vardag och att kränkningar är vanliga. Både sändaren och mottagaren av en kommentar måste uppfatta den som illa menad för att det skulle vara en kränkning.

Theft without break-ins has increased significantly in the last year of swimming, sports and leisure facilities in Karlskrona, more precisely 60%. Vandalism in the shape of graffiti is another common crime. The solutions are divided into social and situational crime prevention. Social crime prevention engage in actions that are based on social causes of crime rather than the opposite situational crime prevention, which instead assumes that discourage with the help of technical solutions and has as primary objective to hinder accessibility for example theft friendly goods. The main purpose of this work is to come up with solutions to prevent these crimes, while also being cost-effective and realistic to implement. The work is important in that it creates safety awareness and promotes a healthy safety culture. Moreover, the future goal is to lower these statistics. The goal of the work is in addition to developing our knowledge of crime subject, was also to provide help and solutions for our clients.