Municipalities must establish budget annually but they are free to decide how the governance should be designed, this can lead to lack of consistency and measurability within and between municipalities. The purpose of this thesis was to present a proposal for a unified and more measurable financial structure of a municipality where this was lacking. In our theory we describe the issues of traditional management control and we introduce an alternative control with non-financial ratios included, called the Balanced Scorecard. In the empirical data it is investigated how the governance of a municipality could be designed, according to the respondents. In the analysis the information gathered to reach the answers to what are considered to be useful governance in municipality, are examined. In the conclusion, we design Balanced Scorecards with both financial and non-financial ratios to the councils of the municipality..

The aim of this paper is to study and outline the factors governing political leadership at the party leader level, and to conclude to what extent a party leader rules and to what extent the party leadership is contextually determined. The theories used are based on Elgie's interactionistic study of political leadership and Stewart's organisational model of leadership as well as political culture.Thus, the questions raised are if the leader leads or if the leader follows; if the leadership environment is formed by the leader or if it is, merely, implemented on the leader; and what a model of the political leadership consist of? To answer these questions a text analysis comparing Sahlin?s speeches to the party?s political programme is used as well as in-depth interviews with members of the Board of Party.The conclusion shows that the leadership is contextually framed, but the leader is free to implement his or her ambitions within that frame as long as it is coherent to the party line..

This discursive policy study has its starting point in the criticism of the Swedish gender-equality policy is depoliticised. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the Swedish gender-equality policy was problematised and designed during the 2000s. The purpose of this paper is also to investigate whether the Swedish gender-equality policy can be defined as a depoliticised policy or not. The research questions of this study are: What´s the problem of gender-equality represented to be in the specifics policies and what effects are produced of this representation? Can gender policy, as it is designed in the various policy documents, be understood as a depoliticised policy, in the sense that sex is not articulated on the basis of a conflict dimension?To find the answer of theese questions I use the method ?Whats´s the problem represented to be", which is an inductive approach where the researcher sets selected questions to its material.

This report consists of two parts, out of which the first deals with the planning and designing ofa small house in the Swedish city of Huddinge, using the weather conditions of the Swedish cityof Malmö. The house has to be in accordance with the Swedish building- and constructionregulations, as well as with the limitations in energy consumption given.The house itself has to consist of at least two bedrooms, and blueprints of the house, variousconstructional elements, ventilation, sanitation and electricity have to be drawn. Calculations ofthese aspects also have to be made, to ascertain that the different parts function as they should,and that the dimensions are sufficient.The second part is called ?Allergy free home?, and investigates how indoor climate affects us,and whether it has changed during the last few decades. It also makes an effort to see whetherthe increase of allergies and asthma is correlated with possible changes in indoor climate, andwhether technical solutions might help to handle or even decrease the issues arisen.

I dagens allt hårdare konkurrens bland företag implementerar många organisationer en mängd olika affärssystem. Dessa affärssystem krävs för att förtagen skall kunna konkurrera på allt mer globala och flexibla marknaden. Projektledare ser dock ett antal problem relaterade till den blivande användaren som måste lösas för att implementeringen av ett affärssysystem skall lyckas. Studien har genomförts med teorier om användarproblem, lösningar och affärssystem. Data har erhållits genom personliga intervjuer med tre olika projektledare vid tre olika organisationer.

AbstractAuthors: Mikaela Magnusson & Malin StenströmTitle: Jolly women and ugly men - a study of the way men and women are portrayed in the magazines Filter and FokusLevel: BA Thesis in JournalismLocation: Linnaeus UniversityLanguage: SwedishNumber of pages: 78 Everyday we're exposed to gender roles. It can take the form of our immediate family, our classmates, the books we read, the teve series we watch or the magazines we read. Everyday the world around us shape the way we think of men and women and how they're supposed to be. As a part of either (or neither) of those genders we are all shaped into the mold that society has set for us. The media is one of the largest contributors to this socialization and therefore we felt it necessary to study two, critically acclaimed, media outlets and shed some light on their portrayals of gender. We chose to study Filter and Fokus, two social magazines with close to a corresponding amount male as female readers and a reputation of being modern and free of prejudice.

Tidigare forskning har visat att kvinnor är förfördelade i vården i jämförelse med män. De får till exempel sämre vård vid symtom av hjärtinfarkt. I hälso- och sjukvårdslagen står det att alla människor ska få likvärdig vård oavsett kön. Studiens syfte var att ta reda på om det fanns skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande problem i aktivitetsutförandet och i arbetsterapeutiska interventioner hos patienter med makuladegeneration. Metoden som användes var journalgranskning där journaler med 30 män och 30 kvinnor granskades.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka om individer med en liberal hållning i alkoholfrågan löper en större risk att råka ut för olika alkoholrelaterade sociala problem än individer med en restriktiv hållning. Då tidigare forskning om relationen mellan hållning i alkoholfrågan och sociala problem är svårhittad, fokuseras resultaten av tidigare forskning på de enskilda variablerna. Resultaten kopplas sedan ihop för att härleda uppsatsens hypoteser. Tidigare forskning pekar också på att kön, ålder, inkomst och konsumtionsnivå är variabler som kan ha direkt inverkan på alkoholrelaterade problem. Datamaterialet som används är sekundärdata från Monitorstudien 2009 som bearbetades med hjälp av binär logistisk regressionsanalys.

This essay is a philosophical investigation of the relation between children and their play. My aim is to see if children are autonomous when it comes to their play. Is there a moral boundary between those who take part in the play and those who do not? This topic is especially important when it comes to the moral status of a child in the Swedish pre-school. How should educationists act when it comes to children?s play?  Through an analysis of the notions of play and autonomy I show that play can be understood as something of a moral value to the child and if children should be seen as autonomous when it comes to their play.

The purpose of this paper is to understand why education is a human right. I will look at works by the late Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator. Paulo Freire worked for many years on developing a pedagogy to promote humanity. His goal was to demonstrate that a literate person will ultimately live a better life because she will be free from oppression and domination.I chose to study Paulo Freire as a tool in proving why education is a human right because throughout his work he demonstrated the need for people to be literate in order for them to be considered ?truly human?.

Tjänsteorienterad arkitektur innebär nya möjligheter att implementera IT-system till lägre kostnader och på kortare tid. Detta sker genom att direkt representera affärsprocesser i verksamhetens IT, i s.k. tjänster. Området är dock nytt och kunskapen begränsad. Detta arbete identifierar problem vid implementeringar av tjänsteorienterade arkitekturer.

There exist several known methods for calculation of radio coverage for ground-based systems. As far as we know there are no equivalent methods for the case of flying platforms when the altitudes and speeds are significantly different to those of ground-based systems. This thesis describes the theoretical concepts behind calculations of radio coverage for flying platforms. An investigation is made to sort out what is important and possible to employ in a model for simulations. A method is described and implemented in a program for evaluation of flying radio systems.

The margin in crop production is more and more less and it forces the producer to check out how to reduce the cost of establishment of new crop. One way to reduce the cost in establishment is to begin with plough less farming. It saves money and time compares to conventional soil preparation with plough and harrow. Not all soil types are god for plough less farming and should be continued with ploughing (mainly light soil), but other soil types working very well with plough free farming. If you want to success with plough less farming you have to think in new lanes. One of the things you have to think about is to not grow too much cereal after cereal. Low stubble is important when you harvest the crop and also to spread and chop the straw well. I have in this work interviewed some farmers and farm advisers in Östergötland to see which thoughts they have about plough less farming.

Det här arbetet tar upp vilken syn på problemlösning som arbetssätt som lärare i de tidigare skolåren har ute på skolorna. Arbetet behandlar även hur och i vilken utsträckning problemlösning används i lärarnas undervisning. Metoden som används i arbetet är en i huvudsak kvalitativ intervju med sju lärare från lika många skolor. I vissa fall har även observation och kompletterande samtal använts. Undersökningen visar att både lärare och forskare är tämligen överens om vad ett problem är, de menar bland annat att ett problem ska vara en utmaning och kräva en ansträngning av eleven.

The research of the essay will be about Solidarity, the Polish trade union that began to rise in the beginning of 1980. In more specific tendencies to the empirical study, it is interesting getting to know about when the free trade union was created with a view to liberate the Polish people from Communism.The essay will be studied as an empirical case study, with a qualitative text analysis. The content will also include how power is allocated to the political, economic and social aspects of the national, and international relations. Therefore it will be relevant to use a method of ideology analysis to the qualitative text.The result of the theoretical analysis was that it is difficult to apply the social movements into a political change, even if it leads to success. According to this, participants in social movements are able to use the most potential and most necessities of resources, just as activists tend to do in reality..