AbstractManagement is a field that started getting attention in the beginning of the 20th century by Frederick Taylor. His publication is called the Principles of Scientific Management and is based on the principles of using scientific methods to find the best way of conducting each operation within a production facility. Many of Taylor?s principles may appear obsolete today but the matter of an effective material flow is still highly current. Efficiency is the relationship between the input into an operation and its result.

Food waste from grocery stores - An analysis of municipal management inSweden and a detailed study of the situation in Umeå municipalityThe objective of this thesis was to analyze the municipal management of food waste fromgrocery stores in Sweden in general and in Umeå municipality in particular. Furthermore theobjective was to account for the different waste treatment methods that can be used and toevaluate them from an environmental perspective. In order to analyze the municipalmanagement a survey was sent to all of the municipalities/municipal waste companies inSweden. A general comparison of treatment methods was carried out on the basis of ascientific review and a system analysis was performed in order to compare three differenttreatment alternatives for the food waste generated in grocery stores in Umeå. The surveyshowed that the legal definition of food waste from grocery stores is unclear and variesbetween municipalities.

AbstractThis degree thesis was made in cooperation with Chematur Engineering in Karlskoga.Many of the environmental issues of today are a result of the motor traffic. Consumption of fossil fuels harms our environmental through formation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. To get under control with our environmental issues it?s important to find substitutes for oil that are both cheap and environmentally friendly. Ethanol has a long history as a motor fuel and is both enviromentally friendly has a high efficiency.According to the EU commissions directives for motor fuels, 5, 75 % of all the fuels in Sweden should be renewable in 2010.

The Swedish contemporary poet Ulf Karl Olov Nilsson (UKON) creates his poems by recycling and manipulating existing material. Though the overall opinion of his work has been positive, the idea that experimental poetry focus shape on the expense of content has led critics to either interpret the nonsensical and absurd aspects of UKON?s poetics as a consequence of the technical methods he uses to create his poetry, or to look beyond the nonsensical and absurd aspects to focus the fact that the poems creates meaning at all. The poems of UKON?s sixth collection of poems, Block (2005), differ from each other in many ways: some poems are lists and other revolves around a person ? their content and construction vary and they can hardly be read as an expression of one persons thought.

The purpose of this project was to evaluate how energy efficiently some of JM?s residential buildings can become in standard production. What kind of measures are needed to achieve the level of energy demand that is included in BBR12 (Boverkets Byggregler)? What measures are needed for achieving a lower demand so that the buildings could be classified as passive houses? The investigation has included a single family house and two different types of apartment blocks.The simulation programs Enorm and VIP+ have been used to calculate the energy demand of the buildings. The results from the programs have been compared with the measured energy demand for the three buildings.

BillerudKorsnäs is a leading global provider of primary fiber-based packaging materials and on Gruvöns Bruk in Grums, they have chosen to invest millions in the boiler at the facility to increase the total capacity of the factory. This results in the Pulp Flash Dryer at Gruvön being burden more, which makes it important that it is of great reliability and can be run with a high capacity. The reliability of the Pulp Flash Dryer at Gruvön is not as good as one could hope, which leads to reduced availability and production, as well as to increased maintenance costs. There are a number of different reasons for this, but all the casual links are not known.The purpose of this project was to perform a system analysis of the Pulp Flash Dryer to identify bottlenecks and the most critical parts from a capacity- and availability perspective. Appropriate methodology for the system analysis was used and would be used in a structured way to perform the analysis with data from the process and the maintenance system.

The purpose of this Bachelor degree project is to design different types of services that can increase the amount of re-used timber within the building sector and by that means improve their environmental efforts. By examining how the sectors environmental work concerning recycling and re-using timber as a building material is getting on at present, conclusions have been drawn about what further could be done for improvement.The project has shown that there is a scarcity of information and statistics within the sector, but that there are efforts in progress to change this. Questionnaires have been sent to a number of companies working with demolition and utilizing re-usable materials in order to find out what kind of problems there are within the trade. Unfortunately the survey gave insufficient result due to the low reply frequency.It is obvious that active environmental work within the building sector is important and the knowledge acquired while working with the project has led to the design of three suggestions for services regarded as being of interest for improving the negative environmental impact caused by the sector:Suggestion 1 ? Sale of construction parts prior to the demolition of a buildingSuggestion 2 ? Re-utilization circulation when manufacturing buildingsSuggestion 3 ? Education in relation to the purchase of houses  The positive and negative qualities of the suggestions have been examined with SWOT-analysis and further adaptions and the results have been interpreted.

På Södra Innovations avdelning för forskning om fiber och massa har man uppmärksammat ett avvikande beteende på kraft-töjningskurvorna hos kräppat tissue-papper. Kurvan beter sig styvt där det i teorin borde vara töjbar och vice versa. Man vill därför veta vad det är i materialet som bidrar till att detta beteende uppstår och få en förklaring på vad som händer i materialet efter att det har belastats till brott. Detta vill man göra för att fortsatt kunna konkurrera med sin pappersmassa på marknaden och hjälpa sina kunder med deras utveckling av framtidens produkter.Projektet har gått ut på att utföra mätningar i dragprovare på kräppat tissue-papper, tillverkat i fabrik, och jämföra dessa mätningar med prover på okräppat papper, som tillverkas i laboratorium. Mätningarna har spelats in med ett ljusmikroskop för att lättare se vad som händer i materialet när det utsätts för last; vart den initierande sprickan uppstår och hur den tillväxer.Efter att ha analyserat mätdatat från dessa prover kunde man se att den största påverkande faktorn ligger i tillverkningsprocessen.

Världen idag kännetecknas av att vara en global arbetsplats där landsgränser inte utgör ett hinder för att människor från olika kulturer ska kunna samarbeta med varandra. Vi ser det som intressant att behandla den internationella arbetskontexten utifrån ett ledarskapsperspektiv och se på hur man som chef kan behöva anpassa sitt ledarskap till en ny kultur.Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera hur tre svenska chefers ledarskap fungerar i och har behövt anpassas till en polsk arbetskontext. Utifrån tre svenska och tre polska chefers utsagor undersöker vi hur förberedelserna inför deras uppdrag gått till, vilka kulturella skillnader som cheferna har stött på samt vilka lärdomar de svenska cheferna tar med sig från sitt uppdrag.Uppsatsen är en empirisk studie som ägt rum inom företaget Stena Recycling AB. Metoden har varit kvalitativ och det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre svenska och tre polska chefer.För att ledarskapet för en svensk chef i en polsk arbetskontext ska fungera behövs förmågan att kunna anpassa sitt perspektiv på organisation och ledarskap samt sin människosyn för att kunna hantera den nya situationen. Inför ett internationellt uppdrag är det viktigt att lära sig om den kultur som kännetecknar ens nya arbetsplats.

Studien undersöker om återföring av näringsämnen, huvudsakligen makronäringsämnena kväve och fosfor, från humanavlopp i Norrköpings kommun kan komma att ske på ett sätt som är i linje med naturvetenskapliga kretsloppsprinciper.Frågan om återföring av näringsämnen och dess problembild är av stor vikt då dagens flöden leder till både resursslöseri och miljöproblem som övergödning. Anledningen till att näringsämnen inte recirkuleras måste bero på någon form av oförmåga hos aktörerna att ta i tu med problematiken.Studien analyserar olika aktörers perspektiv. Aktörerna beskrivs dels i ett nationellt perspektiv men den huvudsakliga fokuseringen ligger på kommunal nivå. Detta på grund av att kommuners roll inom området innebär att de är ytterst ansvariga för utformningen av avloppssystem. Aktörer som agerar i förhållande till kommunen har därför undersökts närmare genom intervjuer med olika representanter för aktörerna.

This report describes the master thesis project ?Weight Optimization of a Composite Chassis for a Multimodal Lightweight Vehicle? which is a part of the Master program in Naval Architecture and a part of a research project at the Centre for Naval Architecture, KTH. Demands on smart and energy efficient transport solutions are continuously increasing. In the Stockholm region the citizens are expected to increase with 25% and the road vehicles with 80% until 2030, putting high demands on the traffic system. Using a small multimodal vehicle deals with this problem and uses both the land and waterways for transportation.

Inledning: Nyckelhålssymbolen infördes i Sverige år 1989 i syfte att hjälpa konsumenter välja hälsosamma livsmedel. Enligt Riksmaten vuxna 2010 ? 2011 äter en stor del av den svenska befolkningen för lite frukt och grönsaker, samt för lite fullkorn och fiber. Många äter för mycket salt, socker och mättat fett. År 2013 uppgav 98 procent av konsumenterna att de kände till nyckelhålssymbolen.

Vilka aktörer är viktiga för Lekebergs utveckling? Det är den frågeställningen som kommer ligger till grund för denna uppsats i landsbygdsutveckling, vars syfte är att undersöka hur samarbetet mellan kommun och invånare påverkar utvecklingen i bygden. Lekeberg kommun är en utpräglad landsbygdskommun som är belägen två mil utanför Örebro. Lekeberg tillhörde tidigare Örebro kommun men är sedan 1995 en självständig kommun på frammarsch. Kommunen har en positiv befolkningsutveckling och ett aktivt näringsliv varför jag anser att det finns ett intresse i att studera kommunen. Materialet för studien har tagits fram med två olika metoder. Jag har dels intervjuat tjänstemän i Lekebergs kommun som är viktiga för kommunens utveckling, nämligen kommundirektören, förvaltningschefen, verksamhetsledaren för Leader Mellansjölandet, samordnaren för fiber i Lekeberg samt enhetschefen som är ansvarig för landsbygds- och näringslivsfrågor på länsstyrelsen i Örebro län.

In Dar es Salaam, as in many cities in developing countries, green areas are decreasing due to the fact that the growth of buildings, infrastructure and services has become a priority. As the population increases more buildings and infrastructure are needed and much of the building activity takes the form of uncontrolled settlements, which encroaches the public green space. Dar es Salaam has approximately three million inhabitants, of which about 70 percent are living in informal settlements. The aim with this study is to make a design proposal for a park and recreation area where the Msimbazi river basin in the centre of Dar es Salaam is today. The basin consist of a few playing fields, footpaths and some urban farming, but apart from this it mostly consists of unused grasslands, swamps and forests. Because it is an unsafe place and badly connected to the rest of the city infrastructure, it has become a barrier. The annual flood combined with the constant still shallow water creates a good breading ground for malaria mosquitoes.

To regularly remove woody vegetation along the roadside of forest roads is an important part of the road maintenance, since the vegetation binds moisture in the road side and, thus, the removal makes the road drying faster with results in improved bearing capacity. Vegetation removal also makes it easier to upgrade the road by material recycling from the ditch and, moreover, the visibility along the road is maintained.The aim of the study was to evaluate what type of chain flail is the best and most cost-effective for removal of different kind of woody vegetation along forest roadsides.Time studies were made on two chain flails when removing woody vegetation in three different classes; easy-, middle- and heavy shrub removal. The studied flails were one light and rather simple flail named Optimal M160 and a heavier and more advanced flail named Slagkraft H210. The removal was made according to Holmen Skogs? specification and the quality of the cleaning was measured by objective belt inventory.The productivity was higher with the heavy flail within all cleaning classes.