For over 40 years, there's been a debate in Sweden of whether it's good or bad with maintenance therapy for heroin addicts. This method is far more acknowledged in other parts of Europe and in USA. The aim of this paper was to explore how public actors manifest their thoughts concerning the subject of the substitution program in Sweden. This approach includes the complex of problems that can be found in statements and the discourses that these operators stand for and support. In my analysis the philosophical thread was principally based on Michael Foucault ideas, but also on other theories related to social constructionism.

AbstractAuthor: Ellinor Carlsson and Renate HöjdTitle: "When you can make a difference and when you can´t" the power relation between psychiatricdisability social worker and client [translated title]Supervisor: Eva SkogmanAssessor: Norma MontesinoOne branch of the social works field of research is the relation between social worker andclient. Research has shown that the power and inequality in the relation between helper andperson being helped is needed for the helper to provide help. Power is often mentioned undernegative circumstances such as social workers abuse of their power position, violating theperson being helped. However, Michel Foucault suggests that power is something neutral thatexists in every social interaction. The negative aspects of power are effects of the parties notreaching agreement.

The 1900s saw two incidents of states using their military in civil disorder situations, which resulted in the killing of unarmed citizens. May 14, 1931 in Ådalen, marks a significant part of Swedish history and its view of the use of military force.  On that day, a peaceful protest march escalated, which resulted in live firing by the military stationed there to uphold law and order. This resulted in the deaths of five civilians and the prohibition of the use of military force in incidents of civil disorder. In 1972 in Northern Ireland a similar event took place on January 30, which is commonly known as Bloody Sunday. The Troubles were raging and resulted in protests for civil rights by nationalists.

The aim of the study was to examine how substance abuse influences social relationships to families, friends and others. Five ex addicts in a treatment centre were interviewed. We used thematic interviews with themes that we regarded as relevant for our study. In the analysis we applied the theoretical concept of symbolic interactionism. Theories of emotions also helped us to explain feelings that arise in the social relationships.

It is a common-held belief that the social worker for the most part uses oneself as a ?tool? in working with clients. This study seeks to examine that ?tool? in the context of treatment of teenage boys with psychosocial problems such as criminal behavior, drug-abuse and/or abusive home environment. The main purpose is to identify the conceptions of masculinity, and more specific hegemonic and subordinated masculinity, of the professionals working with the boys.

The aim of this bachelor-thesis is to study how the City Library in Norrköping, in collaboration with the outpatient centre, Gränden, has assisted people with substance abuse problems through a bibliotherapeutic reading circle known as, Människor mellan raderna (People between the lines). My theoretical framework is based upon Ruth M. Tews and Berth Danermark?s theories. Tew states that in order to create a well-functioning team consisting of various professional competences, each individual needs to possess certain character traits including the ability to contribute with their unique competence and an openness to receive and absorb the other participants? contributions.

Inom ramen fo?r IVIN- projektet avsa?g fo?religgande studie att explorativt underso?ka vilka variabler som kan moderera behandlingsutfallet i en internetadministrerad KBT-behandling fo?r personer som upplever sva?righeter att reglera ilska, aggressioner eller utagerande beteenden i na?ra relationer. Sextiofem personer inkluderades och randomiserades till de tva? betingelserna behandlingsgrupp (n=32) och kontrollgrupp (n=33). Aktuell studie baserades pa? resultaten fo?r de deltagare som fyllt i fo?r- och efterma?tning (n = 59).

Syftet med studien var att finna vilka uppfattningar yrkesverksamma inom socialt arbete har om barns situation i familjer med alkoholmissbruksproblematik. Vi ville även belysa deras uppfattningar kring deras eget arbete med familjerna. Studien byggdes upp via en fenomenografisk ansats med socialkonstruktivismen som teoretisk grund. Fenomenografin fokuserar på vad ett fenomen uppfattas vara istället för vad fenomenet är. En uppfattning är enligt fenomenografin någonting som sällan är en företeelse för reflektion utan snarare något som finns i det undermedvetna.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som arbetar på akutmottagningar möter dagligen patienter som är alkohol- eller narkotikapåverkade. När patienter kommer till akutmottagningen och är påverkade av alkohol eller narkotika förekommer det ofta våld. Det vårdvetenskapliga perspektivet i examensarbetet är Kaséns syn på vårdrelationen och delaktighet. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta patienter som är påverkade av alkohol eller narkotika på akutmottagning. Metod: Sex narrativa intervjuer har genomförts med sjuksköterskor som arbetar på en akutmottagning i mellersta Sverige.

There are many children in Sweden today, approximately 200 000, who have parents or a parent that abuses alcohol or other drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate how group leaders in support groups for children with addicted parents relate to this sort of support groups. What are their advantages and disadvantages, according to the group leaders?The method used was qualitative and the empirical material was collected through group interviews. We have interviewed eight persons who are social workers and the interviews were carried out at three work places.

På bullriga arbetsplatser använder personal ofta hörselskydd med inbyggda högtalare för att lyssna på exempelvis musik i underhållningssyfte. Om användaren lyssnar på höga ljudnivåer under långa perioder kan bullerskador uppstå i dennes öron. Enligt lagstiftning måste nivån därför begränsas i förebyggande syfte.Bullernivån är ett genomsnitt av de ljudnivåer användaren exponerats för under en arbetsdag. Användaren måste vila öronen om gränsvärdet för bullernivån nås.Om man utnyttjar att det är ett genomsnitt kan användaren tillåtas lyssna på en hög ljudnivå under en begränsad tid för att sedan sänka den. Det går att bevara både säkerheten och lyssningsupplevelsen om en sänkning införs långsamt.Detta arbete beskriver hur en algoritm till en digital signalprocessor kan konstrueras för att reglera ljudnivån.Målsättningen var att algoritmen skulle skydda användarens hörsel utan att försämra lyssningsupplevelsen, och utan att förbruka mer energi än nödvändigt.I algoritmen ingick en prediktor som predikterar mängden buller användaren riskerar att utsättas för, om denne fortsätter lyssna på samma nivå.Långsamma sänkningar av ljudnivån kan då utföras i tid innan gränsvärdet nås.Det visade sig att algoritmen endast behövde ett fåtal samplingar per sekund för att skatta och reglera ljudnivån tillräckligt precist, vilket reducerade energiförbrukningen.Resultatet visar möjligheten att kombinera målen för säkerhet, lyssningsupplevelse och energieffektivitet i hörselskydd.Algoritmen implementerades inte på ett skarpt system.Den hade enbart tillgång till ljudsignalen användaren ämnade lyssna på i underhållningssyfte..

Emerging infectious diseases poses a great future threat, not only to humans but also to domestic animals and wildlife. Even though the majority of these infections only cause minor health problems, the relatively recent emergence of HIV clearly illustrates that the next major human pandemic may surface at any time. Regardless of what the name indicates, most emerging human pathogens are not believed to be recently evolved, but to have existed previously in the natural environment. Most emerging pathogens are zoonotic, i.e. able to infect animals besides humans.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva sjuksköterskans agerande vid misstanke om barnmisshandel, vilka faktorer som påverkar beslutet att anmäla eller inte anmäla vid misstanke om barnmisshandel samt granska och redovisa artiklarnas vetenskapliga kvalitet. Metoden var en deskriptiv litteraturstudie och artiklar söktes i databasen Medline via Pubmed. Sökningen resulterade i tio artiklar. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskans iakttagelseförmåga var den viktigaste egenskapen för att upptäcka barnmisshandel. Vid misstanke avvaktade sjuksköterskan sina åtgärder, anmälan skedde när säkra bevis fanns.

Background: Sweden is a country where vitamin D deficiency seems to be common, partly because of its geographical position, which reduces the availability of UVB radiation, but also that people avoid sunlight due to increased skin cancer risk. Research shows that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases such as cancer as well as autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases.Vitamin D is a fat soluble pre-hormone and a collective name for closely related compounds which act as hormones after undergoing a transformation in the body.Humans can utilize vitamin D through diet and produce it in the body by exposing the skin to the sun. Previous observational studies and epidemiological studies have established a hypothesis that there seems to be an association between vitamin D supplementation and reduction of depressive symptoms.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D supplements may decrease depressive symptoms.Methods: This work is organized as a literature review and article search is made in the database PubMed in January 2012. Keywords used were ?vitamin D and depression? and inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, be conducted on humans, written in English.

Banks carry a great responsibility when it comes to the financial systems in our society. Disturbance in the credit system affects both lender and borrower. All financial institutions must therefore carefully estimate their risk exposure. This assessment enables them to cover themselves from losses with appropriate capital buffers as main guardian. In order to prevent bank crises and also to maintain financial stability in general, new regulations concerning analysis and preventive actions were introduced on the 1st of February 2007.