We derive the equation linking the Weyl tensor with its Lanczos potential, called the Weyl-Lanczos equation, in 1+3 covariant formalism for perfect fluid Bianchi type I spacetime and find an explicit expression for a Lanczos potential of the Weyl tensor in these spacetimes. To achieve this, we first need to derive the covariant decomposition of the Lanczos potential in this formalism. We also study an example by Novello and Velloso and derive their Lanczos potential in shear-free, irrotational perfect fluid spacetimes from a particular ansatz in 1+3 covariant formalism. The existence of the Lanczos potential is in some ways analogous to the vector potential in electromagnetic theory. Therefore, we also derive the electromagnetic potential equation in 1+3 covariant formalism for a general spacetime.

Mitt syfte med uppsatsen var att visa hur förestÀllningen om ?det frÀmmande? aktualiseras i ett satiriskt tal frÄn 1700-talets Sverige eftersom detta var en tid dÄ man pÄverkades av en intensiv kontakt med omvÀrlden. Det jag kom fram till var följande, i Sverige hade man under 1700-talet börjat driva en handel med utlÀndska lÀnder och man köpte in nya varor och dessa kom att ses som bÄde spÀnnande och exotiska. Det svenska samhÀllet pÄverkades av denna förÀndring som kom att innebÀra nya vanor, nya tankesÀtt och till följd av detta uppstod en bred efterfrÄgan som i sin tur skapade en slags lyxkonsumtion. Den svenska staten började dock oroa sig för den inhemska handeln och man införde överflödsförordningarna som stoppade handeln av utlÀndska varor.

The paper examines Philosophy with children as a pedagogical method for schools to practice. The questions I have posed are:Why philosophize with children and teenagers?How does Philosophy with children work?What, in the organized structure of the philosophical inquiry, can be emphasized as favourable for learning?How carefully is the structure of the philosophical inquiry really followed in practice?How can philosophy be applied as a pedagogical model?The theoretical framework of this inquiry consists of a discussion about a thirst for learning that exceeds the explicit and direct usability that motivates vocational training.I have used two different kinds of methods. The main method is a literary analysis of some of the literature in this field. This analysis is compared to field observations of children participating in communities of inquiry in school.The basic assumption is that practicing the ability of philosophical thinking can help children develop a more profound way of understanding who they are and how the world in which they exist works.

Syftet med detta arbete Àr att undersöka en utvald lÀrares syn pÄ hur elever utvecklar lÀsförstÄelse, samt hur explicit lÀsstrategiundervisning baserad pÄ höglÀsning kan utgöra möjligheter för elever att fördjupa lÀsförstÄelsen. Den teoretiska forskningsansatsen utgÄr frÄn ett sociokulturellt perspektiv pÄ lÀrande. Grundtanken i detta perspektiv Àr att lÀrande alltid sker i ett socialt sammanhang och att sprÄket utgör en lÀnk mellan barnet och dess omgivning. Kvalitativa metoder bestÄende av halvstrukturerade intervjuer samt observationer har anvÀnds för att samla empiri till arbetet. Inspelningar, anteckningar och transkriberingar har utförts för att öka materialet trovÀrdighet.

Denna uppsats har undersökt genus- och jÀmstÀlldhetsfrÄgorna pÄ lÀrarutbildningarna i Sverige med betoning pÄ LÀrarhögskolan i Stockholm och Södertörns högskola. Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att undersöka om lÀrarutbildningarna Àr utformade sÄ att könsrollerna reproduceras och befÀsts, eller om lÀrarutbildningarna Àr aktiva aktörer som försöker bryta de snÀva roller som könen Àr hÀnvisade till idag. Syftet Àr ocksÄ att diskutera vilka konsekvenser lÀrarutbildningen och dess hantering av genus- och jÀmstÀlldhetsfrÄgor kan bli pÄ grundskolan.Metoden Àr kvalitativ och materialet baseras mycket pÄ sekundÀra kÀllor bortsett frÄn tvÄ intervjuer. Resultatet visade att lÀrarutbildares uppfattningar styr innehÄllet och arbetssÀttet mer Àn utbildningsplaner och kursplaner. BÄde pÄ lÀrarutbildningarna, men ocksÄ pÄ grundskolan, Àr det enskilda eldsjÀlar som undervisar i dessa frÄgor.

Abstrakt Syfte: Syftet med denna studie Àr att öka förstÄelsen för ANT-programmet Steg-för-Stegs pedagogiska upplÀgg. Genom att: ? Analysera programmets pedagogiska utformning ? Studera nÄgra ledares syn pÄ det pedagogiska upplÀgget. Metod: Denna uppsats Àr grundad i en hermeneutisk ansats eftersom intresset var att studera innebörden och dess betydelse och dÀrigenom finna förstÄelse. Texttolkning av programmets kursmaterial har anvÀnts för att kunna se vilken pedagogisk utformning programmet har och intervjuer har anvÀnts för att fÄ kunskaper i tre ledares syn pÄ programmets upplÀgg.

The purpose of this paper is to examine different methods for organisation and retrieval of pop and rock music recordings, and the problems concerned with this organisation. The focus is the question whether values towards pop and rock music influence the organisation of music in major Swedish record collections. As a background for this discussion, the study also discusses how music is organised in these collections, and what kind of problems are associated with their organisation. Also included in the paper is a minor investigation of how problems with the organisation of pop and rock music are dealt with in library and information science, and how values towards pop and rock music are dealt with in society in general. The main focus of the study, however, is an empirical study of how values towards pop and rock music manifest themselves in the pop and rock organisation of six Swedish institutions with major collections of music recordings.

This thesis studies how the Swedish government articulates social exclusion within the spring budget of 2007. Through a discourse theoretical approach, inspired by Ernest Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, the empirical findings are reconstructed through the nodal point of labour and two chains of equivalence, based upon the duality between employment and unemployment. By viewing social exclusion as a phenomenon concerning discourse, identity and politics, this duality forms the basis of a deconstructive and hegemonic analysis.I argue that the term social exclusion is a powerful and flexible political concept in that it obscures ideological assumptions and objectives as well as draws attention away from alternative social concepts. Throughout the thesis social exclusion is stressed as a social category constituting the relation between individual and society. Hence I argue that it is of vital importance that the values underlying its usage are made explicit and that social exclusion as a floating signifier is made an object of academic analysis..

Syftet med denna studie har varit att underso?ka, med diskursanalys som metod, hur den som a?r missta?nkt fo?r brott konstrueras och vilka maktdiskurser som kan exponeras i tva? textmaterial utgivna av det svenska ra?ttsva?sendet. Det huvudsakliga empiriska materialet a?r rapporten Ha?ktningstider och restriktioner och det andra textmaterialet som anva?nds av Kriminalva?rden och som finns tillga?ngligt fo?r ha?ktade a?r, Information till ha?ktade. Teorier som anva?nds uto?ver diskursanalys och Michel Foucault, a?r Erving Goffmans teori om totala institutioner.

The aim of this essay is to illustrate a fundamental question; what is a democracy allowed to do to protect itself from enemies? IÂŽve chosen to analyze the conflict between the two values; individual integrity and stateÂŽs security. The individual integrity refers to every person's right to have a protected sphere, and the statÂŽs security refers to its right to protect itself, and these two positions are often time incompatible. This conflict of value is shown in a normative analysis, where depending on which perspective or normative logic is seen as primate, it gives different conclusions to what a democracy should do to defend itself.To demonstrate how severe the threats are against the society, I choose to examine a specific part of the organized crime, the outlaw motorcycle gangs. They have a special position in affecting the legal system because they have an explicit aim to influence the judicial system with scaremongering and threats.

This master?s thesis is about freedom of information ideas in the European Union data retention directive, 2006/24/EC. The directive means that data about electronic communications services will be retentioned. The aim of the thesis is to examine what ideas related to freedom of information that appear in the directive and how these ideas belong to the ideology of freedom of information that is common within the library community and to the juridical restrictions. In the light of surveillance tendencies that have occurred over the last years, the most well-known is probably the USA Patriot Act, it is interesting to study how freedom of information ideas appears when surveillance is legislated.

Nuclear power plants existences have been well debated since the 70s (Swedish radiation safety authority, 2014). Accidents, risk and presence connected to nuclear power plants have been part of many studies around the world. Recent studies have shown a connection between prices of houses and the distance and presence of nuclear power plant in a surronding area of the house. This paper uses Hedonic price modelling to investigate the willingness to pay for an increased distance to the Swedish nuclear power plant, Forsmark. For the dependent variable selling price was used and the independent variables were number of rooms, living area, other area, lot size, selling year, building year and distance to Forsmark.

The purpose of this study was to get an idea of ??how the leaders in the real estate industry perceive and manage boundless working conditions. Questions that were answered were how the leaders in the service influence and control the employees' working conditions. Also how the communication strategies are designed to facilitate the work towards common goals, when tasks are not limited to the workplace. The study examine if boundless working conditions is characterized by unspoken expectations.

The present research examined both automatic and controlled processes in newpapers ability of priming racial stereotypes via the portrayals of people of foreign extraction. The automatic process were examined through articles which; a) involved an illegal act or b) the act was not illegal but morally questionable. Swedish-born subject?s explicit opinions against foreign people were also measured through ?The Modern Racial Prejudice Scale?. In the experiment participants read four different articles which included; Swedish person/noncrime, foreign person/noncrime, Swedish person/crime and foreign person/crime.

Abstrakt Syfte: Syftet med denna studie Àr att öka förstÄelsen för ANT-programmet Steg-för-Stegs pedagogiska upplÀgg. Genom att: ? Analysera programmets pedagogiska utformning ? Studera nÄgra ledares syn pÄ det pedagogiska upplÀgget. Metod: Denna uppsats Àr grundad i en hermeneutisk ansats eftersom intresset var att studera innebörden och dess betydelse och dÀrigenom finna förstÄelse. Texttolkning av programmets kursmaterial har anvÀnts för att kunna se vilken pedagogisk utformning programmet har och intervjuer har anvÀnts för att fÄ kunskaper i tre ledares syn pÄ programmets upplÀgg. Resultat: Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet att det finns tvÄ pedagogiska utformningar pÄ Steg-för-Steg program.