Democracy is said to uphold the dearest values and be the most moral system. But it cannot be characterized as a rigid "syste" but a continuously changing political framework, under which aims and values can be fulfilled - and replaced.The increasingly diverse and ever-changing environment of contemporary democracies forces change upon the systems' natural evolution, which makes their future features uncertain and unforeseeable. A powerful change-force doctrine does however claim change is mainly (or merely) caused by the power of ideas; the elite power over ideas can thus provide a natural foundation for the analysis of the direction of development for democracy. This study aims to provide such a foundation by reconstructing empirical and normative descriptions of democracy at two certain points in time, following extensive government studies.As a tool for analysis, this study identifies values of substantial and procedural character central to democracy theory and discourse. It further creates ideal types of democracy based on these values, to which the nature of democracy is measured.

This paper examines whether the American officer?s education at West Point and the Swedish officer?s education at the Military Academy Karlberg have adapted their history of the military art education in accordance to the new requirements of the Armed Forces and its focus on the operational defense. Sweden is evolving towards an operational defense and so is the United States. This in turn requires that training and education keep up with the changes. The National Defense College in Sweden do not focus the teaching of advanced history, which happened beforet he invention of the engine, in the officer?s training program, while the American education is rather advanced, with special focus on events taken place in the 19th century up to the Cold War.

This thesis is about the idea of public transport and the discussions stirred in the media during changes in ownership. More specifically it is a study of the historical situation of Stockholm, Sweden, where the periods chosen are the 1910s, 1960s and 1990s.During the 1910s Stockholm?s first and largest tram company was taken over by thecity, and a period of public ownership began, which in the 1960s changed form whenthe county council took over the city?s principal authority and formed the politicallyadministered company SL (Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, Greater Stockholm LocalTransit Company). Between these periods the word kollektivtrafik (public transport)was established in the Swedish language. This study describes and compares the ideasconcerning the phenomenon of public transport.The aim of the study is to analyse the ideas, values and ideals concerning public transport in the media, defined as newspapers.

Hjärtinfarkt är den dominerande dödliga sjukdomen i Sverige, vilket fler kvinnor än män avlider i. Kvinnor insjuknar senare i livet och upplever fler och mer diffusa symptom än män. Stress är en vanlig förekommande riskfaktor, vilket kan skapas från samhällets förväntningar på kvinnor. Det finns förväntningar om omsorgsfulla kvinnor som samtidigt ska prestera bra både på arbetet och i hemmet, vilket genererar stress. Förväntningar från samhället och kroppens biologi skiljer sig mellan män och kvinnor.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 the satellite states of the former Communist bloc immediately departed on a journey towards democracy and market capitalism. Among the many tasks of the newly elected governments, one was to transform the paternalist Communist welfare state into a social system that would decrease the oversized role of the state, at the same time as protecting the citizens from the hardships ensued from the transition.I have studied the evolution of new welfare systems in the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary, three countries generally agreed as the most similar and most successfull transition countries of the Eastern bloc. Gøsta Esping-Andersen's prominent typology of welfare regimes, consisting of the liberal, corporatist and social democratic regime-types, has constituted the theoretical basis of the analysis. Simultaneously, applying new cases to the typology implies an element of theory testing.The study shows that 40 years of Communism and partial isolation from the West has not prevented these three countries from developing welfare states fully compatible with those of Western Europe and the Anglo-Saxon nations and that all three of them in fact fall within the scope of the corporatist regime-type..

This bachelor thesis examines the activities and values associated with automation and technical development at four Swedish research libraries. It does so by applying textual analysis to annual reports and job advertisements from the respective libraries. The study also questions whether some assumptions of automation have changed or remain over time, and includes a short historical discussion in relation to the contemporary analysis. As an added perspective it introduces the methods and philosophies of French sociologist Bruno Latour. The author reflects on the merits of Latour in research of library automation.

Denna selektiva översikt utgörs av kunskap om Aspergers syndrom mellan åren 1997-2007. Vår ambition har varit att sammanställa aktuell kunskap om Aspergers syndrom för att på så sätt bidra till en ökad tillgänglighet.Syftet med översikten är att ge en ökad förståelse av Aspergers syndrom, med särskilt fokus på de olika dominerande teoretiska perspektiven inom området samt aktörernas egna perspektiv på sin diagnos. Två problemställningar har använts: 1). Hur ser den teoretiska diskussionen ut i forskningslitteraturen som behandlar autism med särskilt fokus på Aspergers syndrom? 2).

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper knowledge of how nurse anesthetists feel about their own profession. It was hoped that by gaining a deeper understanding of how the nurse anesthetist is experiencing its own profession, it will create better conditions for development and evolution of the nurse anesthesia profession and skills. Method: for the study a qualitative approach was used in which ten anesthesia nurses were interviewed, aged 27-55 years, four men and six women participated in the study. The interviews were processed and analyzed based on qualitative content analysis. As a theoretical framework Patricia Benner seven skill domains was used.

Denna uppsats är ett examensarbete på 22,5 Hp, gjort av Natalie Pålsson, student på produktdesignprogrammet på Malmö Högskola, under våren 2013.Projektet handlade om att undersöka möjligheten till att skapa en ljuskälla utan elektricitet. Syftet med projektet var att uppmärksamma problematiken av den höga energiförbrukningen av ljuskällorna i belysning. Projektet hade under hela dess gång ett biomimetiskt förhållningssätt och under förstudien gjordes en grundlig studie av ämnet biomimetik. Biomimetik innebär att man som designer lär och inspireras av naturen i sin produktutveckling. Förstudien behandlade även ämnet naturens ljus och då framför allt bioluminiscens som valdes som ljuskälla i armaturen.

In today?s hectic society more and more people experience stress and our lifestyle gives us a very limited chance to recover. For some it sometimes goes that far that they get burnt-out, they have pushed themselves to the ultimate limit. There are different methods and treatments to recover but one very efficient treatment is to spend time in a rehabilitation garden. There the patients get treated by therapeutics that uses the garden as the main tool.The fact that gardens and parks have a positive effect on humans have been used by people for a long time but it?s not until recently that the research has taken speed.

Utgångspunkten för detta arbete har varit observerade och dokumenterade uttryck för negativa elevattityder till naturvetenskapliga ämnen. En inledande frågeställning har rört hur utbredda sådana attityder är på grundskolan och gymnasieskolan idag. Utöver förekomster av attityder har också undersöks attitydernas påverkan på lärandeprocesser, samt i vad attityderna kan ha sin grund. Arbetet är genomfört i form av en litteraturstudie.Studien visar dels att de negativa attityderna till naturvetenskap är vanliga, dels att sambandet mellan attityd, kunskap och lärande inom det naturvetenskapliga området är komplext. Den abstraktionsnivå som krävs för att lära naturvetenskap är ansträngande och kräver motivation.

Parodontit är en kronisk sjukdom som kräver en hög grad av egeninsats av patienten vilket gör att tandvården kan behöva kunskaper om beteendeförändringar. Hälsobeteende kan påverkas av individens kontrolluppfattning om sin sjukdom. En teori som beskriver människors uppfattning om var de förlägger kontrollen för sin hälsa är Health Locus of Control (LOC). Syfte: att undersöka om LOC har någon betydelse för 1) munhälsobeteende, vilket innefattade patientens egenvård och tandvårdsregelbundenhet samt 2) om någon av dessa studier visade att LOC kunde förändras genom en intervention. Material och Metod: Litteratursökning gjordes i databasen PubMed där 21 artiklar valdes ut.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka om, och i så fall hur, skolböckerna i årskurs åtta på högstadiet befäster traditionella genussystem som finns inom vårt samhälle och kultur, eller om det finns möjlighet för eleverna att förhålla sig öppna för andra synsätt. Vi har utgått från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt förhållningssätt. Det analysverktyg som vi har använt är Norman Faircloughs tredimensionella modell för kritisk diskursanalys samt semiotisk bildanalys. Vårt urval av undersökningsmaterial har skett genom att först välja ut fyra skolböcker i olika ämnen från en årskurs åttas läromedel. Sedan smalnade vi av undersökningen ytterligare genom att välja ut ett kapitel ur varje skolbok för närmare analys.

Aim: By studying the evolution of the market for package holidays over time we hope to get an understanding of the trends that have characterized the market. By doing so, we can get an idea of where the market is moving towards the future. This knowledge is essential for market participants to establish appropriate strategies that follow market trends.Method: We have used qualitative interviews with people involved in the charter industry.Result & Conclusions: The market is characterized by an increase in Internet orientation, where the travel directory and the physical travel agents are becoming less important. The understanding of climate impacts of travel has increased. More people of the third-generation buy package travels and countries in North Africa and Asia are growing in popularity.We believe the market in the coming years will be characterized by lower prices and lower quality.

In todays society sports has become a major part in people?s life, with the emerging of professionalization it?s become a thriving business that generates big money. An outcome of this evolution of sports as meant that most athletes must put more time and energy in to their athletics to have a chance to reach their dreams of being a professional athlete. And if an athletes dream get cut short somehow, the process of moving out of sport has been shown to somtimes be a difficult process for athletes that don?t have anything to fall back on.