This Master Thesis covers the concept of Green Cars. The background to the research area is the high and rapidly growing number of cars, which together with other factors ad to the pollution of the environment. Under the Kyoto agreement the signing members agreed to lower the emissions of green house gases, further on the EU has a 3-pillar strategy on carbon dioxide and cars. Included in the EU strategy is a voluntary commitment from the car industry to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from new cars. The easiest way of lowering the emissions is by using alternative fuels and engines.

Med HCCI motorn sker förbränning på två olika sätt. Dels har den en Otto förbränning som en vanlig bensinmotor med tändstift och dels har den kompressionsantändning av bränslet som i en Diesel. Dessa två förbränningssätt kräver olika förhållanden på bränsle/luft blandningen. För att lösa detta har en variabel luftpump utvecklats.Utvecklingen skedde med hjälp an systematisk produktutveckling där ett funktions/medel träd användes för att ta fram olika koncept. Fem olika kompressortyper jämfördes och flera olika sätt att driva pumpen samt att reglera luftflödet.

MarineDiesel Sweden AB i Ängelholm tillverkar och utvecklar båtmotorer och motorbåtsdrev. Jaggjorde mitt exobb på avdelningen MD Engineering som huvudsakligen utvecklar marina drivlinor.MarineDiesel Sweden AB var i behov av ett styrprogram till den testbänk de byggt för att kunna testasina motorbåtsdrev. Denna rapport beskriver arbetet jag utfört för att färdigställa och optimera ettstyrprogram till en testrigg för marina drivlinor. I rapporten tar jag upp drevbänkens uppbyggnad, dessfunktion samt de problem jag stött på på vägen. Bland annat beskrivs hur effektförlusten beräknasmed energidifferensen i tillförd och bortförd olja i drevet, samt hur det pålagda vridmomentet, somsimulerar belastningen vid verkliga driftsförhållanden, styrs och beräknas med endast trycket ihydraulcylindrarna..

This master thesis was a continuation of a previous study in the Diesel exhaust characterization, which is part of the academical work embedded in the EMIR-1 project. The main objective of this thesis work was to finish the installation and make the proper modifications of the particulate mass measuring system located in one of the engine test cells at KTH, in order to be able to measure the mass of the particles from the exhaust of Diesel engines.This experiment requires a diluted flow sample from the exhaust that should be sent to the device that makes possible the measurement of particle mass, called TEOM. In the first stage of this project, the objective was to study and make the proper modifications in the existing KTH diluter because there were several problems to obtain a constant dilution ratio from it during tests.This modifications were made and it resulted in a great improvement in the maximum inlet and outlet flow that this diluter can handle. Therefore another modification is proposed for controlling the inlet exhaust flow so it will be possible to regulate the dilution ratio and make it constant along a wide range of engine loads and speeds.The second and most important stage was to make particulate mass measurements possible by analyzing the frequency signal from the TEOM device. The idea was to obtain the frequency of oscillation from the tapered element in the TEOM, and therefore with the proper correlations, be able to predict the particulate mass concentration in the exhaust flow from the engine.An electrical problem in the TEOM circuit was detected and corrected, so the signal that carries the frequency from the TEOM can be analyzed properly.

This master thesis sets out to compare the different public transport modes in Stockholm city.Both energy consumption and air pollution are compared. The chosen transport methods are car,bus and metro.Traditionally the rail industry has had environmental arguments as a strong competitiveadvantage when it comes to passenger transportation. However, in recent years the automotiveindustry has been getting more positive media attention regarding environmental issues, forexample Roger Kemp?s statement that the car is the most environmental friendly passengertransportation mode in the UK. This study will show the environmental advantages of railwaytraffic in cities.The energy sources of the world are not endless and the use of the different sources affects theenvironment in different ways.

En utforskande studie gjordes i syfte att se om extraktion kan utföras på oljan som erhålls efter pyrolysav ved, för att denna olja ska lämpa sig bättre för användning som drivmedel. Det erhölls tre fraktionerfrån en pyrolysfabrik, varav två var energirika och kunde användas för att extrahera ut organisktmaterial. Extraktion utfördes med vattenlösningar för att minska kemikalieanvändningen och undvikakontaminering av den organiska fasen. Vakuumdestillation och filtrering användes också somkompletterande separationsprocesser. Parametrarna som användes var utbyte, TAN-tal och pH.

New energy resources that can replace petroleum Diesel are needed and bioDiesel may be an excellent substitute. During storage and use, bioDiesel can oxidize and form peroxides, leading to degradation of the fuel. It is therefore important to determine the peroxide content of the fuel. In this thesis the triphenylphosphine method, which involves GC-MS analysis has been compared to the standard iodometric method which involves titration with sodium thiosulfate. Working standards were made to see how well the iodometric method worked and also in order to make a calibration curve in GC-MS.

Sapa Heat Transfer is a company that produces aluminum heat-exchanger strips for the automotive industry. Sapa Heat Transfer wish to chart their emissions of carbon dioxide in order to meet future demands on carbon dioxide reporting. They also would like to examine the meaning of the term ?green electricity? which is marketed as carbon dioxide free, and the sort of electricity that they purchase. This report includes both direct (liquefied petroleum gas and Diesel) and indirect (water, process-water, long distance heating, waste) emissions from their company.

Given that the oil prices have risen and the environmental regulations has become more stringent, the interest in operating efficiency has increased. The project has investigated the possibility of producing electricity from waste heat generated in the Diesel process. One technique to utilize and convert energy into electricity is the ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). This process is based on the Rankine process (the steam process), the difference from the traditional Rankine process is that instead of water as a working medium, an organic substance is used. The main component used in the process is a evaporator, a turbine, a condenser and a pump.

Målen med svensk klimatpolitik är att minska det svenska oljeberoendet och koldioxidutsläppen. Då privatbilismen står för en stor del av Sveriges oljeanvändande har en ökning av andelen miljöbilar i fordonsparken därför blivit ett viktigt inslag, vilket har lagt grunden till en gynnsam försäljning av miljöbilar. I denna uppsats undersöktes miljöbilsförsäljningens utveckling månadsvis tidsperioden oktober 2004 till april 2007. För att analysera miljöbilsförsäljningen skapades en jämviktsmodell som sedan testades empiriskt genom ekonometriska körningar. Modellen förklarade 89% av andelen sålda miljöbilar per månad och variablerna inkomst, modellutbud, drivmedelspris och subventionen av miljöbil på 10.000 kronor som infördes i april 2007 visade sig vara starkt korrelerade med andelen miljöbilar.

Målen med svensk klimatpolitik är att minska det svenska oljeberoendet och koldioxidutsläppen. Då privatbilismen står för en stor del av Sveriges oljeanvändande har en ökning av andelen miljöbilar i fordonsparken därför blivit ett viktigt inslag, vilket har lagt grunden till en gynnsam försäljning av miljöbilar. I denna uppsats undersöktes miljöbilsförsäljningens utveckling månadsvis tidsperioden oktober 2004 till april 2007. För att analysera miljöbilsförsäljningen skapades en jämviktsmodell som sedan testades empiriskt genom ekonometriska körningar. Modellen förklarade 89% av andelen sålda miljöbilar per månad och variablerna inkomst, modellutbud, drivmedelspris och subventionen av miljöbil på 10.000 kronor som infördes i april 2007 visade sig vara starkt korrelerade med andelen miljöbilar.

The purpose with this work that is the basis for this thesis was to help Nattavaara Economical association to develop a program for handling invoices, customer information, and storage. The program and this thesis have been done in cooperation with the economical association in Nattavaara. Some of the demands on the program are that it shall handle customer information, storage status, invoices and Diesel consumption. The program must be able to printout invoices, reminders, delivery notes, a customer list and a storage list. All information will be stored in a database.

A new type of device for measuring thev m& ?rate of fuel sprays from a Diesel fuel injector has been developed and the various steps in the development are described. The device works by deflecting all of the sprays from the injector at the same time by using a bell shaped deflector. A load cell consisting of a machined steel part with strain gauges mounted on it measures the resulting force. The shape of the curvature in the deflector bell shape has been evaluated by photographing the flow in a 2D?version of the curve shape.

Control of a Diesel engine equipped with Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) requires a multivariable control method. One problem is that the engine system is non-linear. Furthermore there are strong cross-connections between inputs and outputs and the inputs have alsoboundaries. To be able to manage these control problems, MPC has been used that is a multivariable method. The MPC-controller consists of an optimization problem and therefore MPC can find the optimum control signals in an easy way.

This report is the result of a thesis as been implemented during the spring term 2009 atthe University of Gävle.The company Bruks produces mobile chippers which are used for chipping loggingslash, roundwood and parts of trees. The chipper is powered by a separate Diesel engineand the chipper can be assembled on trucks, trailers or some other carrier vehicles.When the chip has passed the chipper drum, the chip is collected in an integrated binwhich is mounted on the vehicles frame with dumping yokes. When these dumpingyokes were designed they were probably created with large material dimensions. Theaim with the degree project is hence to study the strengths of materials and, if possible,to suggest an arrangement that can decrease the total weight on the dumping yoke onBruks´ mobile chippers 805 CT.The CAD-program Pro/ENGINEER was used during the project for outlining the 2Ddrawings,as distributed of constructors on Bruks, to solid 3D-parts. The three-dimensionalassembly from Pro/ENGINEER was transferred to Pro/MECHANICA.