There is a new beverage container on the market, a bottle made out of pure aluminum as a replacement for the traditional container made out of glass. This new container has the potential to reduce both cost and pollution during transportation, the lighter and stronger construction has every advantage compared to the old one in glass. The new container has every possibility to make it on the market. Some of the biggest brands within the soft drink market already use these bottles in countries without any recycling demands like: Coca-Cola, Heineken and Pepsi. The only thing stopping these brands from the Swedish market is the lack of a functional return system, there is only one company that uses the bottle in Sweden today and they take care of their own used bottles.

Logistics is an important concept in the organizational context in which the planning of flows, services and products are treated. Logistics handles supplier management, supply of materials, production and distribution. The distribution of goods can be managed with different types of transportation depending on price and time aspects. The lowest transport cost for larger amount of goods is by maritime shipping. A common carrier used in transportation of goods is a standardized ISO- container.

Examensarbetet undersöker om det är möjligt att utföra en nivåmätning där underlaget är ojämnt med en begränsad budget och ändå få ett tillförlitligt resultat.För att kunna testa det så används tre stycken ultraljud sensorer i ett skåp som simulerar en container. Varje sensor utför mätningen och sedan filtreras värdena. Hela systemet filtreras sedan med ytterligare ett filter och då blir noggrannheten ca 4 cm från den riktiga fyllnaden. Miljöpåverkan skulle bli mindre om det framtagna systemet installerades i alla containrar vid de miljöstationer som finns i Sverige. Lastbilarna som ska tömma innehållet behöver aldrig köra till en ha lvtom container vilket även drar ner kostnaderna för miljöstationerna.

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore and describe the pupils' thoughts on seed and its development into seedling. Twenty nine Swedish pupils at the age of 7 and 10 years old were interviewed about their knowledge of seeds.It turned out that pupils often have so-called everyday belief to describe the natural science phenomenon by connecting their explanations to phenomena in everyday life to which they are familiar. To describe the process of seed developing into seedling is something that most of the pupils believe to be difficult and this resulted mostly in the answer ?it is growing.? Children have some knowledge about what seeds need in order to germinate but they do not mention the importance of oxygen as a component of seed to be able to germinate and grow. They mean instead that it is sufficient with soil, water and sun.The older pupils, however, are more often than the younger pupils able to connect their reflections to a more scientifically correct description based on terms belonging to the phenomena, though these terms sometimes are wrongly used.

The fork lifter chipper truck is a concept which has been developed for harvest and transport of bio fuel. The system consists of one fork lifter chipper truck and 1, 2 or 3 transport lorries, usually two, which serves the fork lifter chipper truck. The system is driven by the fork lifter chipper truck that produces chipped material into a container on the truck. When the container has been filled the truck drives to the landing site where it?s offloaded.

This thesis is built on a field study that was carried out in two seed-tree stands near by Götbrunna in Uppland, Sweden. The aim was to examine if scarification carried out in spring time could generate a more dense seedling establishment when using natural generation, than scarification carried out in autumn. It was also investigated whether there were differences in mortality the first season between the two plot-types. Plots were established block-wise with 50 blocks (pairs) on each site. The spring scarification was made with a hoe during 22-23 of April.

The effect of methyl jasmonate on resistance against the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) in Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings. A field experiment was conducted in order to determine the dose-response effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on growth and defence to pine weevils in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) and to compare the effect of MJ between pine and spruce. In addition a complementary greenhouse experiment was conducted with the same aims as above and to determine the amount of resin ducts and their correlation to the feeding of pine weevils. The field experiment was conducted on a fresh clear cutting in Garpenberg, southern Dalarna in central Sweden. The experiment consisted of 30 blocks with three kinds of containerized seedlings: 2-year old spruce, small pine (before shoot elongation) and 1-year old pine (already shoot elongated). They were all exposed to 4 treatments 14 days prior to the experiment: control, 25 mM/L MJ, 50 mM/L MJ and 100 mM/L MJ. Data on weevil damage and seedling growth were collected after the first and the second growing season. The seedlings in the greenhouse experiment were of the same kind and were exposed to the same treatment as the ones in the field experiment.

Enligt Steenken et al. (2004) motsvarar container shipping 60 % av världens transporter över haven. Användningen av containertransporter har ökat med tio gånger sedan mitten av 80-talet. En ökning av containertrafik ställer enligt Steenken et al. (2004) ökat krav på hamnars logistik och styrning samt val av teknisk utrustning.

The report is part of the university´engineer program within Industrial Organization and Economics with specialization in Logistics and Managment at Jönköping´s university.Skoghall´s mill underlies a large supply chain, which means there should be a lot of areas in need of small improvement measures. This report illustrates a small part of one of these areas and is focused on the loading distribution services in the terminal Vänern.At the moment there´s a very unequal load of the load carriers SECU box and Container at the terminal. Skoghall´s mill has the desire to equalize the high and low load levels of the 2 loading carriers named previously. One of the options to solve the problem is to set a limit of how much the carriers can load per week or per day. The mill also wants it to be investigated if the proposition would influence the customers in any way and if both the company and its customers could handle a lower level of delivery services in case the proposition was to be applied.The goal to be achieved with this thesis is to provide balance to the unequall loading of the 2 load carriers, SECU and Container, and investigate whether or not the Skoghall´s mill´s customers, could manage the lower degree of delivery service that the proposition would imply.For this goal to be achieved, random sample investigations were taken from orders of a customer that is provided with SECU load carriers and the same was made with a Container´s customer.

 BakgrundSystemet för containertransporter karaktäriseras utav stora omlastningshamnar som fungerar somhubbar för containertrafik från omkringliggande områden. Mindre fartyg och järnvägsförbindelseranpassade för containertransport trafikerar dessa områden och kallas för feedertransporter. Det hargivit en möjlighet för exportinriktade företag i dessa områden att skicka sitt gods i mindre volymerper sändning med bibehållen servicegrad. För att feedertransporter ska trafikera dessa områdenkrävs det att många företag skickar sitt gods i container.Det är alltså av stor vikt att många företag använder container som lastbärare. För att användandetav container som lastbärare ska öka är det därför intressant att undersöka hur exportföretagresonerar när de väljer transportlösning och hur det påverkar transporter med container.ProblemformuleringVad är avgörande när företag väljer transportlösning och hur påverkar detta användandet avcontainertransporter?SyfteSyftet med studien är att identifiera ett antal områden som påverkar valet av transportlösning ochundersöka hur olika företag värderar dessa.

Vid containerodling av buskar, i plantskola, är bevattning essentiellt för produktionen. Det finns flera olika typer av bevattningssystem, två vanliga system är droppbevattning och rampbevattning. En plantskola som står inför att utöka sin produktion måste välja vilket bevattningssystem som är lämpligt baserat på plantskolans förutsättningar. För att underlätta valet har en jämförelse mellan de två bevattningssystemen gjorts. För att kunna jämföra bevattningssystemen rättvist måste först begreppet bevattningseffektivitet redas ut.

Företag x fungerar som en knytpunkt ur ett logistikperspektiv på orten och här sammanstrålar mycket av godsflödena som kommer eller avgår med båt. Stora delar av exportflödena består av stål och trä där stora importflöden i huvudsak består av kaffe och olja.Nulägessituationen är som sådan att det är en ojämn fördelning andel importflöden med container jämfört med exportflödet. Skälet är att vi befinner oss på en plats med mycket tillverkande industrier som exporterar varor ut i världen. Resultatet av detta är att andelen import via Företag xs containerterminal är 25% jämfört med 75% i export. Ett problem som uppstår i samband med detta är att tomma containrar måste skeppas till Företag x för att möta den, i nuläget, större andelen export.

Transportation of pigs might be a welfare problem. Stress during and after transportation can negatively affect the meat quality or cause carcass damages, which leads to major economic losses every year. The transportation chain can be divided into several stages; loading, transport and unloading. This literature review focuses on unloading of pigs from a transport. When arriving at an abattoir pigs can be fatigued and need to be as smoothly unloaded as possible.

Preservation of cells and tissues by freezing at temperatures below 70°C has led to new possibilities for the storage of germ cells for fertility preservation. During the freezing process problems might occur, the greatest being ice crystallization which can cause membrane destruction and thus cell death. To minimize this risk, solutions that reduce the freezing point can be added to reduce crystallization and increase survival rates. These solutions are called cryoprotectants. The best method for freezing is still not known.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of various parameters on the survival rate of human semen frozen with liquid nitrogen.

Transportation of pigs might be a welfare problem. Stress during and after transportation can negatively affect the meat quality or cause carcass damages, which leads to major economic losses every year. The transportation chain can be divided into several stages; loading, transport and unloading. This literature review focuses on unloading of pigs from a transport. When arriving at an abattoir pigs can be fatigued and need to be as smoothly unloaded as possible.