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439 Uppsatser om Concentration - Sida 25 av 30
Ekonomi eller politiska beslut : Vad styr fristående gymnasieskolors lokalisering?
In the beginning of the 1990s the responsibility for the schools shifted from the government to the local authorities. This started an era with a freedom of choice for students where they themselves could choose which school to go to. The new system also opened up the possibility for independent private schools to exist side by side with local authority held schools. The overall aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the location of these independent schools and the geographical pattern these independent schools create. The study in this paper is based on materials from statistics and interviews.
Resultat av tjugofem års mätningar av Cs-137-halter i älg i Uppsala län
At the end of April 1986 reactor number 4 of the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl explod-ed and large amounts of radioactive particles were then released into the atmosphere due to both the explosion as well as the consecutive fire of the graphite core. A cloud of radioac-tivity was spread over the northern hemisphere, including Sweden, due to the prevailing wind directions. The radioactive particles were washed out from the cloud by rain and snowfall in some areas of Sweden and deposited on the ground. The deposited radionu-clides, primarily cesium and iodine isotopes, were later absorbed into the soil and taken up by the roots of the plants. Some of these radionuclides, like 137Cs, still persist in some of the terrestrial ecosystems at relatively high Concentrations which lead to contamination of the meat of moose, roe deer and wild boar even today.The two municipalities Heby and Uppsala, in the eastern part of central Sweden, experi-enced a relatively large deposition of 137Cs which resulted in high levels of 137Cs in moose and other game.
Optimering av biologisk fosfor och kvävereduktion i ett reningsverk för hushållsspillvatten
In connection with Henriksdals wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) a smaller plant is situated called Sjöstadsverket where new methods for wastewater treatment are tested and evaluated in different process lines. On one of the lines experiments with enhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR), have been carried out to evaluate if it is a good alternative to traditional chemical phosphorus removal. This thesis evaluates the results from the experiments conducted during fall 2005.The incoming water from Hammarby Sjöstad consists of only household wastewater, which gives a wastewater with high Concentrations of nutrients and organic carbon. This is partly positive, because one of the limiting factors for effective biological phosphorus removal is the lack of easily biodegradable organic carbon. The high Concentrations of ammonium and phosphorus demand a high reduction to achieve the requirements of outgoing Concentration.To optimize the process experiments with different recirculations and different aeration techniques have been made.
Mjölkkors välbefinnande i AMS och konventionell lösdrift : skillnader i beteende och hormonstatus för oxytosin och kortisol mellan kor av hög och låg social rang
The purpose with this study was to investigate how the behaviour and physiological parameters differ between high ranked and low ranked cows, and between cows in an automatic milking system verses conventional milking parlour. The study was carried out at the Kungsängen research Centre, Department of animal nutrition an management, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Uppsala. Twelve cows, the six highest and the six lowest in social rank were selected from the automatic milking system for the experiment. Ten cows, the five highest and five lowest in social rank were selected from the conventional system. Blood samples were taken during milking and resting.
Selektion av resistenta Escherichia coli vid låga antibiotikakoncentrationer i en gräsandsmodell
Enligt en erkänd hypotes, mutant selection window hypothesis, uppstår och upprätthålls antibiotikaresistens hos bakterier endast då antibiotikakoncentrationerna ligger över minimum inhibitory Concentration (MIC)-värdet för en känslig, omuterad population. Det här skulle innebära att de låga antibiotikakoncentrationer man finner i miljön inte borde bidra till att upprätthålla resistens. Redan subinhibitoriska antibiotikakoncentrationer har dock visat sig ha effekt på bakterier genom att t.ex. öka mutationsfrekvensen hos bakterier, selektera för resistenta mutanter och ge upphov till nya sådana. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om en selektion vid låga antibiotikakoncentrationer sker också in vivo.
Tar tid ifrån dem som sitter fint : en kvalitativ studie kring lärarens bemötande av elever med koncentrationssvårigheter.
Uppsatsen hade sin utgångspunkt i hur lärarens val av matematikdidaktik skapade möjlighettill pedagogisk och social delaktighet, för elever som hade uttalade koncentrationssvårigheter.Denna definition innefattade elever som uppvisade svårigheter att genomföra och slutförauppgifter och elever som inte behövde ha en fastställd diagnos. Jag har även valt att studeraelevernas möjlighet till måluppfyllelse beroende på lärarens didaktik och måluppfyllelsenutgick ifrån strävansmålen för ämnet matematik.Studien innefattade observationer under tre lärares matematiklektioner i klasser på högstadiet.Efter observationerna har sedan intervjuer med lärarna genomförts. Resultatet visade attrespondenterna gemensamt var övertygade om att läraren som person hade en stor inverkan påelevernas lärandeprocess samt möjlighet till delaktighet och måluppfyllelse i undervisningen.Däremot valde respondenterna olika motiveringar som stödde denna åsikt. Meningarna bestodav ett vitt spektrum från lärarens personlighet till didaktikens innebörd. Lärarens reflektionkring val av didaktik samt elevsyn inverkade på elevernas möjlighet till utrymme iundervisningen för måluppfyllelse och delaktighet.
Fertilization in Eucalyptus urophylla plantations in Guangxi, southern China
StoraEnso decided in year 2002 to build a pulp mill in the province of Guangxi, southernChina, and also establish eucalyptus plantations to provide it with raw material. By 2010StoraEnso controls about 90 000 of planned 120 000 ha, out of 75 000 ha is already plantedwith Eucalyptus.By using better genetic material, improve the tending, selecting the sites more careful and byusing a proper fertilization regime StoraEnso hopes to increase the mean annual incrementfrom today?s 25 m3/ha, on bark, to 35 m3/ha. This study is one part in this work to increase themean annual increment in the plantation.This master thesis is the forth in a series, that has followed up a fertilization trial that startedin spring 2006 when the trial was laid out and treatments decided. The aim with the trial is toexamine the production potential of Eucalyptus urophylla in Guangxi, southern China.
XRF-analys av förorenad mark : undersökning av felkällor och lämplig provbearbetning
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) detection of heavy metals is a cost- and time-effective method for investigation of polluted areas. Compared to laboratory analysis, XRF analysis is limited by high detection limits and uncertainties in some situations. Preparation of samples is known to affect the results of measurements.The purpose of this thesis is to bring a deeper understanding of how different factors affect the results of XRF-analysis. A large number of measurements have been made with the instruments Niton XLt 700 and Niton Xli 700. Results from measurements of lead, zinc and copper have been analysed.This study has shown that a greater moisture content will give a lower measured Concentration for the same sample.
Effekt av olika kvävegödselmedel på utvecklingen av klumprotsjuka i salladskål (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)
The price trend on rapeseed the latest years has led to an increasing interest to grow the crop among many farmers in Sweden. The price trend has resulted in more than a doubling of the oilseed area since the early 2000s. For many farmers it is an advantage to increase cultivation of rapeseed because of the high proportion of cereals in the crop rotation on many farms, but it is not just benefits. The risk of the fields being infected by clubroot increases within frequent rapeseed cultivation and it often leads to subtantial economic losses. Clubroot is caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae that is a soilborne pathogen in genus Protozoa and its resting spores can be found in the soil for up to 18 years.
Ersättningen som övervakning eller rekrytering : En studie utifrån ägarstruktur i svenska börsbolag
Master Thesis in Business Administration, School of Business Administration, Linaeus University, Finance 4FE03E, Spring 2011Authors: Benni Hansson, Axel SandquistTutor: Christopher von KochExaminer: Sven-Olof CollinTitle: Compensation as a means of monitoring or recruiting ? a study on ownership structure in Swedish listed companies.Keywords: CEO compensation, compensation structure, ownership structure, ownership types, ownership Concentration, agency theory, resource dependence theory, managerial theoryBackground: There has been extensive research on CEO compensation, however not a lot on Swedish listed firms. Many studies have an agency theoretical perception on CEO compensation. In accordance with this, compensation is used as a means to solve monitoring and incentives problems.Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the role of CEO compensation, by studying ownership structure.Method: To examine the role of CEO compensation we use a multi-theory approach, based on agency theory, resource dependence theory and managerial theory. The companies examined are Swedish listed firms the in years 2005 to 2009.
Optimal välfärd och hälsa för kalvar :
In order to optimize calf welfare and health it is important to know the behavior of cattle in free ranging conditions. When the cow is about to give birth to a calf she will leave the heard about 12 hours before. It is then rather obvious that isolating the cow about calving time in a single pen is imitating the cows? natural behavior. To save space and minimize building cost it?s common that the farmers build calving pens for four of five cows especially at larger farms.
Manipulation eller social kompetens? ? Rekryterares upplevelser av impression management i anställningsintervjuer
Introduction: A job interview is for both the candidate and the company involved, an importantsituation. It might be tempting for the candidate to adjust the answers to the job in question or what heor she thinks the recruiter wants to hear. This behaviour is a part of what socialpsychology would callimpression management. This term means that you try to control the impressions you send out andaccordingly adjust your behaviour for the current situation.Purpose: Candidates usage of impression management is a widely debated subject where theresearch mainly has focused on the candidates, their strategies and the efficiency of impressionmanagement. Our purpose with this thesis is therefore to see how recruiters experience candidatesimpression management in a job interview, how they handle it and what level of acceptance they havefor it.Theoretical perspectives: The theories and previous research used as models for explanation andbasis for discussion is mainly Erving Goffman´s (1974) dramaturgical perspective and thoughts aboutimpression management and Mark R Leary´s (1995) theories concerning impression managementtactics.
Why does trehalose not improve autophagy in the SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model of familial ALS?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases, causing an ascending paralysis that usually kills the patient within a few years from disease onset. The motor neurons show aggregates of proteins which in approximately 20 % of cases of the familial form contain mutated SOD1 protein.
Trehalose is a disaccharide which has been shown to reduce protein aggregation and increase viability in cell models and alleviate symptoms in animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation. When given orally to the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, trehalose failed to slow down the disease progression, which has led to questions about the uptake and distribution of the molecule in this mouse strain.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether significant levels of trehalose reach the central nervous system of the SOD1G93A mouse after oral administration. This was performed by a trehalose assay of the brain of trehalose treated animals. A glucose assay was optimised for use in small samples of brain lysate after the digestion of trehalose into glucose by trehalase, and the difference in glucose Concentration before and after digestion represented the trehalose level.
Antibiotic resistance associated with bacteria in irrigation water : a case study of irrigation ponds in Southern Sweden
The
focus
of
this
project
was
to
characterize
the
occurrence
of
ESBL-?producing
bacteria
in
two
irrigation
water
ponds
in
Southern
Sweden.
Samples
were
taken
from
two
ponds
nearby
each
other,
from
which
analyses
were
made
based
on
levels
of
community
and
individual
isolates.
Community
samples
were
used
for
attempts
for
characterization
of
resistance
patterns
in
irrigation
water
using
the
Omnilog
PM-?plate
system.
The
growth
of
community
microbiota
in
the
presence
of
the
following
antibiotic
substances
was
assessed;
amikacin,
gentamicin,
kanamycin,
penicillin
G,
ampicillin,
piperacillin,
trimethoprim,
potassium
tellurite
and
ciprofloxacin.
Isolates
were
pure
cultured
using
semi-?selective
media:
LB,
Rainbow
Agar,
mEnterococcus,
0.1
TSA
and
VRBD.
A
total
of
177
isolates
were
isolated
randomly.
Each
isolate
was
identified
using
the
Omnilog
GENIII-?system
of
biochemical
characterization.
Further,
the
isolates
were
tested
on
Brilliance
ESBL-?agar
for
their
ability
to
grow.
Out
of
the
total
number
of
isolates,
30
were
selected,
preferably
Enterobacteriaceae
or
Pseudomonas
spp.,
based
on
their
high
similarity
to
library
strain
during
the
identification
in
the
Omnilog-?system.
These
were
further
characterized
using
Etest-?sticks.
Three
selected
strains
were
picked
for
further
analyses
using
exogenous
isolation
for
attempts
to
simulate
horizontal
gene
transfer,
and
Omnilog
PM-?panels
containing
various
antibiotics
of
interest.
Selections
of
samples
were
chosen
for
molecular
tests
targeting
plasmid-?borne
resistance
genes
CTX-?M1,
CTX-?M2
and
SHV.
The
method
for
assessing
community-?resistance
patterns
showed
ambiguous
data
that
was
difficult
to
interpret;
further
optimization
is
recommended.
For
all
tested
PM-?plates,
generally
greatest
differences
between
substances
were
found
among
wells
with
the
strongest
Concentration
of
antibiotic
substance.
A
total
of
175
isolates
displayed
ability
to
grow
on
ESBL-?agar.
Etests
confirmed
ability
of
isolates
to
resist
many
?-?lactam
antibiotics
and
many
were
clinically
resistant
to
certain
substances.
No
plasmids
were
transferred
during
exogenous
isolation.
During
molecular
tests,
a
few
matches
were
found
for
the
CTX-?M1
gene.
Isolates
analyzed
with
Omnilog
PM-?plates
showed
resistance
to
most
compounds
tested.
The
isolates
showed
greatest
resistance
toward
penicillin
G,
ampicillin,
amikacin,
kanamycin
and
trimethoprim.
In
the
study,
it
was
established
that
resistance
among
bacteria
was
frequently
occurring
in
the
irrigation
water,
and
?-?lactamase
producing
bacteria
was
very
common.
Extended
studies
are
needed
to
assess
the
frequency-?
and
occurrence
of
horizontal
gene
transfer
(HGF)
in
this
environment.
Although
some
potential
corresponding
data
is
found,
it
is
at
this
point
not
possible
to
determine
whether
the
resistances
are
due
to
antibiotics
used
in
veterinary
medicine,
human
medicine
or
one
additional
reason
is
travel
and
trade.
in
irrigation
water
using
the
Omnilog
PM-?plate
system.
The
growth
of
community
microbiota
in
the
presence
of
the
following
antibiotic
substances
was
assessed;
amikacin,
gentamicin,
kanamycin,
penicillin
G,
ampicillin,
piperacillin,
trimethoprim,
potassium
tellurite
and
ciprofloxacin.
Isolates
were
pure
cultured
using
semi-?selective
media:
LB,
Rainbow
Agar,
mEnterococcus,
0.1
TSA
and
VRBD.
A
total
of
177
isolates
were
isolated
randomly.
Each
isolate
was
identified
using
the
Omnilog
GENIII-?system
of
biochemical
characterization.
Further,
the
isolates
were
tested
on
Brilliance
ESBL-?agar
for
their
ability
to
grow.
Out
of
the
total
number
of
isolates,
30
were
selected,
preferably
Enterobacteriaceae
or
Pseudomonas
spp.,
based
on
their
high
similarity
to
library
strain
during
the
identification
in
the
Omnilog-?system.
These
were
further
characterized
using
Etest-?sticks.
Three
selected
strains
were
picked
for
further
analyses
using
exogenous
isolation
for
attempts
to
simulate
horizontal
gene
transfer,
and
Omnilog
PM-?panels
containing
various
antibiotics
of
interest.
Selections
of
samples
were
chosen
for
molecular
tests
targeting
plasmid-?borne
resistance
genes
CTX-?M1,
CTX-?M2
and
SHV.
The
method
for
assessing
community-?resistance
patterns
showed
ambiguous
data
that
was
difficult
to
interpret;
further
optimization
is
recommended.
For
all
tested
PM-?plates,
generally
greatest
differences
between
substances
were
found
among
wells
with
the
strongest
Concentration
of
antibiotic
substance.
A
total
of
175
isolates
displayed
ability
to
grow
on
ESBL-?agar.
Etests
confirmed
ability
of
isolates
to
resist
many
?-?lactam
antibiotics
and
many
were
clinically
resistant
to
certain
substances.
No
plasmids
were
transferred
during
exogenous
isolation.
During
molecular
tests,
a
few
matches
were
found
for
the
CTX-?M1
gene.
Isolates
analyzed
with
Omnilog
PM-?plates
showed
resistance
to
most
compounds
tested.
The
isolates
showed
greatest
resistance
toward
penicillin
G,
ampicillin,
amikacin,
kanamycin
and
trimethoprim.
In
the
study,
it
was
established
that
resistance
among
bacteria
was
frequently
occurring
in
the
irrigation
water,
and
?-?lactamase
producing
bacteria
was
very
common.
Extended
studies
are
needed
to
assess
the
frequency-?
and
occurrence
of
horizontal
gene
transfer
(HGF)
in
this
environment.
Although
some
potential
corresponding
data
is
found,
it
is
at
this
point
not
possible
to
determine
whether
the
resistances
are
due
to
antibiotics
used
in
veterinary
medicine,
human
medicine
or
one
additional
reason
is
travel
and
trade..
Undersökning av förekomst av okända virus hos svenska fjällrävar med encefalit :
The artic fox is under threat of extermination in Europe. The population decreased strongly at the beginning of the twentieth century because of intensive hunting. The artic fox was placed under protection by law 1928 in Sweden but despite this the population has had difficultly to recover. This can depend on several reasons, but the main threats are shortage of food and competition from the red fox. Along with Norway and Finland, Sweden has carried out a project called SEFALO (Saving the Endangered Fennoscandian Alopex lagopus), whose objectives were to prevent continued decreased populationnumbers and through, for example supplementary feeding, help the population to recover.