In Sweden, there are limits to how much leachable substances waste must contain in order to be deposited as hazardous waste. Fly ash from waste incineration often end up over the limit, mainly due to the chloride content. Fly ash is therefore often deposited abroad. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility to handle fly ash locally. To clarify how the law is applied, environmental reports and permit documents from ten waste sites with permission to deposit fly ash were studied.

I denna uppsats har jag studerat vad Corporate Social Resonsibility (sv. företags samhällsansvar) fyller för funktion när det kommer till implementeringen av de mänskliga rättigheterna i de land som multinationella företag har verksamhet i. Uppsatsen har sin utgångspunkt i, och har sin teoretiska förankring i FN:s deklaration om de mänskliga rättigheterna samt teorin om Corporate Social Responsibility. En fördjupad teoridel presenteras också där begrepp som det transnationella ansvarighetsglappet presenteras och även en kort diskussion kring den ansvarsutvidgning som skett och inte stater kan ses som enda aktörer för att förverkliga de mänskliga rättigheterna. Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med beskrivande inslag, vilket innebär att jag genom studien haft ett tolkande synsätt på den data som använts.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, OTEC, is a sustainable energy conversion technology that is not yet commercialized. OTEC is a technology that utilizes the temperature difference in oceans between the warm surface water and the cold water at 1 000 m depth to run a Rankine Cycle. This technology can produce electricity and provide synergies like fresh water, air conditioning and aquaculture. A simulation program for three alternative OTEC systems has been created in order to decide which OTEC system is most profitable; closed, open or hybrid system. In this simulation a production cost analysis is performed in order to investigate and decide which one of the three systems that has the lowest production cost. The production cost analysis also analyzes if the profitability is affected by the size of the facility. After these analyzes, the most profitable of the three different OTEC-systems is expanded by an installation of solar collectors in order to see if the thermal efficiency is improved. The result shows that the most profitable system varies with the size of the facility.

Bakgrund och ProblemCSR står för "Corporate Social Responsibility" och innefattar företags sociala, etiska och miljömässiga arbete. Då CSR och särredovisningen av CSR är juridiskt frivilligt för företag uppkom frågor gällande bakomliggande motiv. Eftersom CSR- arbete kostar pengar väcktes ett intresse för att studera konceptets förtjänst. Utifrån förförståelse grundades en uppfattning om att det kan vara så att anseendet påverkas. Om inte så skulle företag i större utsträckning ta ansvaret i det tysta, och inte ta på sig de merkostnader som tillkommer med särredovisningen.

During the nineties, ecological handling of urban storm water became very popular in Sweden. Together with Chalmers University of Technology and two Swedish communities, DHI Water and Environment has been doing research of storm water ponds and constructed wetlands. This thesis work is a part of that research project. The work has been applied at the Bäckaslöv storm water treatment plant in Växjö, Sweden. The plant consists of one storm water pond and a downstream constructed wetland.

In many regulated rivers, authorities have stocked hatchery salmon to compensate for loss of wild populations. However, hatchery fish have not always behaved as wild fish do, and stocking them has not always fully compensated for the loss of wild fish. The purpose of this study was to compare swimming behaviour in the river before spawning, the choice of spawning areas and body size between wild and hatchery-reared salmon in the river Klarälven. Salmon behaviour in the river before spawning was analyzed using radio telemetry. The salmon were caught at Forshaga power plant, radio-tagged and returned to Klarälven at Ekshärad, 107 km from the river?s mouth.

Trade is the driving force for economic development. A greater equity in international trade can improve the livelihoods and the well being of producers in developing countries. The small-scale farmers have limited resources and have difficulties to get access to the international market. As a result of this, the Fair Trade movement has been developed and has now formed a trading partnership between the producer and the consumer. This study analyses if the Fair Trade movement can be a way for the workers in developing countries to achieve more justice in their production manner in the international trade of cut flowers and continue to be an important competitor of these products, but with better livelihood conditions. My method has been to do a comprehensive literature study of the Fair Trade movement, in which I describe the certification process, and the market of Fair Trade in Sweden.

Detta arbete har bedrivits som ett produktutvecklingsprojekt där ett koncept på en testrigg för kolvpartiet i Hägglunds Drives hydraulmotor Compact CA har tagits fram. Kolvpartiet är en viktig del av hydraulmotorn vars prestanda påverkar hela motorns prestanda. Ett kolvparti består av en kolv och en kamrulle och i en motor finns det ett flertal kolvpartier, vilket gör det svårt att utföra mätningar på kolvpartiet på plats i motorn. Kolven trycker kamrullen mot en kamring som i sin tur gör så att kolven trycks mot väggen av den cylinder som kolven är placerad i. Detta leder till att ett vridmoment skapas mellan kamring och det cylinderblock som cylindrarna är placerade i.

ABSTRACT Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) is a soilborne plant virus. It is an important pathogen in potatoes where it causes spraing disease. This disease can lead to significant economical loss for the farmer, so it is imperative to get the proper diagnose before planting. TRV is spread naturally by free-living nematodes (Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus). Transference of TRV to a plant occurs when the virus-carrying nematodes feed on plant roots. The relationship between virus, nematodes and plants is complicated, and has to these days not been fully characterized. The diagnostic methods available today do not work sufficiently.

All over the world, scientists agree that to succeed with a conservation project, it is important to have a good relationship with the local people. If they do not receive a good impression of the project, they will not be willing to collaborate and the project will probably fail. According to previous studies, there are different factors affecting attitudes to conservation, like the level of education of the participant. Many studies have shown that the higher education the people have, the more positive attitude they have to adjacent conservation areas. Economical factors are also important, it is often stated that having more money results in a better attitude.

The practice of landscape architectural involves forming the space in our cities and suburbs, as well as the landscape surrounding. The need of exploiting green environment leads up to, among other issues, flood problem during heavy rain and overfed water environments. The problem is partially caused by the shortage of knowledge, how the environment is responding of the innovations made by the city- urban planning and how to get sustainability. Research and knowledge how to take care of our environment, in a natural way, is increasing. The object of the thesis is to propose control and balance in urban wetlands, and discuss the difference a plant design can do. The thesis deals with discourses in the field of landscape architecture, biological diversity, dam construction, limnology, planting design and management, pollution of the environment and urban design practice.

Vaccination of fish can be assumed to cause pain. This study was designed to see if we can minimize the suffering of fish following vaccination. Fishes are cold-blooded animals and thus more primitive than warm-blooded animals. Despite this, many organs, e.g. the nervous system, have the same basic structure as that of other vertebrates. The fibre system for conducting pain is more diffuse than in humans.

Summary The place I have been working with is a garden, belonging to a family estate, called Tolvmansgården. It is located on an island northeast of Norrtälje in Roslagen. The frontage is red with white corners like so many other houses in the neighbourhood, but ours is one of the oldest houses on the island. Today the house and garden is own by my mother, Pia Johansson. Since I?ve started my education in garden design my interest for our country garden has increased.

Because of the currently large recruitment needs within the Swedish nuclear powerindustry, it is necessary to recruit trainers from other recruitment groups than that ofexperienced operators at nuclear power plants. The foundation for a trainingprogram regarding these recruitment groups, here called ?aspirants?, has in this thesisbeen prepared. It contains a suggestion for main topics in the program. It also includesdiscussion on the balance between forms of education and a concrete example ofhow a lesson could be performed.These suggestions has been developed through analysis of interviews and surveyresponses from student groups most suited for the propositioned trainee program,and individuals with service as a trainer or closely linked to training activities withinthe industry.The analysis suggests that the candidates gets, besides the opportunity to practice asoperating staff before the theoretical training begins, a training program, tightly boundto the power plant with multiple instances of practice and the chance of going intothe power plant and see how things that are being raised in theory, look in real life.The practice, in addition to helping to create an understanding of the plant, it will facilitate networking with the operations staff to build a relationship and trust.Candidates should have plenty of opportunity to educate and see both other aspirantsand experienced trainers train.

Examensarbetet är utfört på Mälardalens högskola våren 2007. Arbetet hardiskuterats och utformats inom ramen av ämnet informationsdesign.Idea plant, uppdragsgivare för arbetet, förespråkar vikten av designadkommunikation. De anser att företag vet för lite om designad kommunikation ochvill därför, genom föreläsningar, visa hur lönsam denna kunskap är för företag.Under arbetet har jag utgått ifrån att besvara följande fråga:Hur bör ett informationsmaterial se ut för att vara god designad kommunikation?Min uppgift har varit att ta fram ett före- och efter material till Idea plantspresentationer om designad kommunikation. En analys av tre företag som ärverksamma inom samma bransch har gjorts.