In a phonological assessment, the aim is to obtain systematic and reliable data of a child's speech output, which can then serve as a basis for a decision on an appropriate intervention (Wolk & Meisler, 1998). Whether phonological assessment should be derived from an analysis of picture-naming or a conversation with the child, and whether the two methods for elicitation generate equivalent results, has been debated among clinicians and researchers for an extended time (Masterson, Bernhardt & Hofheintz, 2005).The aim of the present study was to compare two methods of speech elicitation for phonological assessment: spontaneous conversation and picture-naming, respectively. In the study, the procedures have been used when assessing children with phonological disorders as well as children with typical language development. The results are presented using two levels of phonological analysis; degree of phonological impairment, in terms of percentage of phonemes correct (PPC), and type of phonological impairment, in terms of phonological simplification processes. Eighteen (18) children participated in the study, nine (9) with phonological impairment (age 3;10 ? 5;11), and nine with typical phonologic development (age 3;2 ? 4;6).

Syfte: Syftet var att utifrån litteratur beskriva barns upplevelser av att ha en förälder med cancerdiagnos, samt att granska kvalitén på de i studien ingående artiklarna avseende urval och bortfall.Metod: Litteratur publicerad mellan 2003 och 2013 söktes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Resultatet är baserat på tretton artiklar.Resultat: Tre teman framkom.1) Hur barnens välmående påverkas: Barnen påverkades starkt av upplevelsen men uppvisade sällan kliniska symtom. Vissa barn löpte större risk att må sämre än andra. 2) Livsförändringar och rädslor som påverkar barnens upplevelser: Barnen bar på många rädslor som påverkade deras livskvalité. Livsförändringar bestod av ökat emotionellt och praktiskt ansvar i familjen.

This is a qualitative study designed to investigate how professional support group leaders talk about their role as supervisor of support groups for children and adolescents with problematic home situations. We also examine how these supervisors talk about the method they use and how they talk about the individual child. We have chosen critical discourse analysis to help us explore if there are different ways to talk about these territories. Our questions are:How does the support group leader talk about his role?How does the support group leader talk about the method?How does the support group leader talk about the individual child?The theories we have chosen to use in the analysis of our material is Aaron Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence and social constructivism.

Testikelcancer är en cancersjukdom vars etiologi är okänd. Sjukdomen utgör den vanligaste cancerformerna för män i åldrarna 20-40 år. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva mäns upplevelser av att leva med testikelcancer. Studien baserades på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserats enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Vilket resulterade i fyra kategorier: Att vara orolig på grund av bristande information: Att ha rädsla och osäkerhet som har livs betydelse: Att vara annorlunda och att sex kan vara misslyckat: Att få stöd och trygghet, ökar självförtroendet att återgå till det normala gav en inre styrka när livet hade förändrats.

AbstractBackground: An elective surgery can be something new that is frightening and unpleasant. The children and their individual needs are not always considered when surgery is prepared. Children?s needs differ and depend on their sense of coherence. Aim: The purpose of this study was to illuminate how children experience preparations before elective surgery.

The purpose of this study was to find out what pedagogues in preschool think when it comes to children?s influence and how they do to give the children opportunity to express their thoughts and point of views and thereby influence their situation.The literature review treats the conception of the competent child and shows that having child perspective is important in meeting children. The literature review implies that participation and influence means sensitivity to children?s expressions and that pedagogues lets these expressions influence the activities in preschool. It is not about children always getting their ways, but that they are respected and are given space to think freely.Searching for pedagogues? thoughts on children?s influence and how they do for giving it, I interviewed six persons, working at six different preschools.

Background: Overweight is a health problem throughout the western world. Child health care (CHC) nurses and school nurses meet many children and their families and have the opportunity to work with prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the CHC - and school nurse´s experiences and reflections in the work on obesity in children. The aim was also to investigate the structural conditions CHC- and school nurse feel the need for this work. Method: The study had a qualitative approach with descriptive design.

'Teachers in current Swedish child- and youth literature' is an essay that attempts to understand the reasons behind why authors portray teachers the way they do. The foundation and focus point of this essay are ten Swedish child and youth books that were all published during 2012. Throughout this essay I have analyzed the fictional teachers in these books using the discourse analysis method but also employed a gender perspective. The main questions were these: Do the teachers presented in these books follow the curriculum LGR - 11, or do they represent the authors own education experience brought forward to current settings? Furthermore, was there a difference in how female and male teachers were represented? And if so what, possible reasons could account for that? The conclusions made were thus: ? The teacher characters within these books were mostly a throwback to days gone by, therefore reflecting the authors own memories of their school. ? They were mainly presented to the reader in a negative light which most likely has its roots in how Swedish school and Swedish teachers have been portrayed within the mass media. ? That there was indeed gender stereotyping in how female and male teachers were described..

BakgrundA?r 2011 fick 599 personer i a?ldern 20-30 a?r diagnosen cancer i Sverige. Flest insjuknade i testikelcancer, malignt melanom, bro?stcancer, hja?rntumo?rer och cancer i o?vriga nervsystemet. Unga vuxna, 20-30 a?r, beskriver att sjukdomen blir som ett avbrott i livet eftersom de missar viktiga ha?ndelser som att flytta hemifra?n och studera.

Bakgrund: Idag är gynekologisk cancer en stor diagnosgrupp som inte beaktas i samma grad somresterande cancerdiagnoser i svensk cancersjukvård. Gynekologisk cancer innebär att de kvinnligakönsorganen drabbas, det vill säga livmoder, äggstockar och de yttre könsorganen. Varje år fårcirka 2900 kvinnor i Sverige en gynekologisk cancerdiagnos. Den sexuella hälsan är något som ärunikt för varje individ och något denne måste få möjlighet att själv uttrycka och medverka i för attuppnå. Sexuell hälsa kräver ett positivt och respektfullt närmande till sexualitet och sexuellarelationer, liksom möjligheter att få njutbara och säkra sexuella erfarenheter, fria från förtryck,diskriminering och våld.

The efficacy of screening for breast cancer with mammography has been a subject of controversy during the last decades. However, the general opinion is now that screening reduces mortality in breast cancer (Zackrisson, 2006). It is nevertheless important to weigh the efficacy against the harm and costs associated with screening. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis of screening have generally failed to incorporate side effects such as anxiety and discomfort related to screening tests and the following diagnostic tests (Gyrd-Hansen, 2000). This study seeks to include such side effects in a cost-utility analysis.

AbstractIn 1998 the Swedish legislation was sharpened, and active educationalists were legally bound to report any suspicion of child maltreatment. Nevertheless, there are a number of unrecorded cases of maltreated children, and research reveals that less than half of these children are reported to social services (Olsson, 2001). The purpose of the present study was to illustrate the problems with the mandatory reports in schools, as well as to study how educationalists proceed when they suspect that a child is maltreated. The method consisted of semi-structured interviews with five educationalists. The results revealed complex problems regarding educationalists mandatory reports.

Bakgrund: Cancer är en folksjukdom och i Sverige insjuknar varje år 800 unga personer i cancer. För unga vuxna som befinner sig i en omvälvande tid i livet resulterar cancersjukdomen i förändrade roller och en förändrad självbild. När livet och hälsan hotas uppstår ett starkt behov av att berätta. Genom berättelsen tydliggörs upplevelser, för sig själv och för andra. Syfte: Syftet är att utifrån relevant litteratur beskriva unga personers känslor kring att leva med en cancersjukdom.

Occasionally the views of medicine and social sciences can collide. Doctors typically relate to a explanatory biological model, and social workers and psychologists seek social and historical reasons for neuropsychological diagnoses.A diagnosis is an obligation for medical doctors as well as other professionals within Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and a neuropsychological diagnosis is a prerequisite for treatment and more often than not for other forms of support from society.The aim of this study is to examine the function of a neuropsychological diagnosis with regards to the individual patient, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and society. A second aim was to examine how psychologists and social workers trained in the social sciences view neuropsychological diagnoses.Qualitative interview research methods have been used. Most of the interviews were recorded and transcribed in their entirety. The data has been organised into appropriate categories and the most relevant quotes have been selected.

Bakgrund: Årligen drabbas 45 000 individer i Sverige av cancer. Sjuksköterskan möter dessa individer i deras dagliga arbete. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan vet hur hon på bästa sätt kan ge dem stöd. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som patienter med cancer anser vara viktiga i stödet från sjuksköterskan.