The dog has often served as a model animal for humans in scientific studies. This is due to the fact that dogs are susceptible to a wide range of diseases which also affect humans. One example is cancer, a condition that affects dogs as well as owners. Neoplastic diseases account for 18-23 % of all deaths in dogs (Bonnet et al., 2005 and Jagielski et al., 2002). Mammary tumor, or tumor of the breast, is the most common tumor form in intact dogs and women (Im et al., 2013). Mammary tumors originate in the udder, and are classified according to their histological characteristics.

Background:For patients with severe heart disease, may heart transplantation be the only opportunity for survival. Previous research highlights the importance of the nurse's role as supporters and knowledge brokers. People who has undergone heart transplant may be changed forever. Having to undergo a heart transplant can lead to that patients end up in a traumatic crisis. People's perception of herself and her perception of the world is also changing when the body is injured or suffers a disease.

The Northern Raccoon (Procyon lotor) belongs to the Carnivore-family and is a species endemic to North America. Every year hundreds of orphaned raccoon cubs are admitted into the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Minnesota (WRCM), a non-profit organization where all injured or orphaned wild animals are admitted and receive quality health care with the goal of being released out into the wild. The WRCM routinely vaccinate all of the admitted raccoon cubs with a killed feline panleucopenia vaccine, but despite this there are outbreaks of parvovirus infection every year where up to 50% of the admitted cubs have been euthanized or died. The objective of this study was to determine whether vaccinating the admitted raccoon kits has any significant protective effect to developing clinical parvoviral disease. A single-blinded cohort study was designed with two parallel, independent groups. One group was given a dose of killed feline parvovirus vaccine at admission, and the other group was not given any vaccination at all. Assignment to the vaccinated or unvaccinated group was on a per-litter basis and done randomly by drawing lots out of a box.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find out how patients with type-2 diabetes reflected on self-care and the information about selfcareactivites regarding diabetic footulcers.The study has a descriptive design with a qualitative approach. The study included fourteen patients with type-2 diabetes and they had footulcers related to their disease. They were recruited from different health centres in two cities in the Middle Sweden. The patients were interviewed and the interviewes were transcribed and worked up with qualitative content analysis. The authors recived seven subcategories which were sorted into two categories; reflection regarding information about self-care and reflection regarding self-care.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can limit patients physical abilities and contribute to social isolation. The purpose of this literature study is to investigate men's and women's experiences of living with chronic obstructive pulmonary dis-ease, and the supporting and guiding role of the nurse to an increased quality of life. 13 critical reviewed articles were used to find the answers to our questions. Quality rating forms were used in order to guarantee a good scientific quality. The results show that, it is of great importance for the COPD-patients well-being to experience social support from those around them, and to have a close relation-ship with their families and friends, in order to experience quality of life.

Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalities (MCOA) is a genetic disease that affects primarily Silver coloured horses of breeds such as the Rocky and Kentucky mountain horses. In these breeds the Silver dapple colour is very popular leading to an increase of affected horses. The major feature of the disease is ocular cysts of variable size. Large cysts also lead to a variety of secondary syndromes, for example retinal detachment. In previous studies the locus for MCOA has been mapped to an interval of 420 kb on equine chromosome six.

Bakgrund: I Sverige drabbas vuxna av i genomsnitt en till två förkylningar per år och barnminst dubbelt så ofta. Totalt betalade Försäkringskassan ut 4 656 667 vab-dagar (vård avbarn) under år 2010. Probiotiska bakterier i tarmen konkurrerar med sjukdomsframkallandeorganismer och reducerar dess förekomst i tarmfloran. Om probiotika kan användas för attminska eller åtminstone förkorta sjukdomstiden skulle det vara en enkel metod till en relativtlåg kostnad vilket sparar tid, pengar och lidande för alla parter.Syfte: Syftet med denna systematiska översiktsartikel var att undersöka huruvida ett dagligtintag av probiotika skulle kunna skydda mot eller lindra förkylning, feber ochinfluensasymtom.Sökväg: Litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed och Scopus har genomförts. Sökord somanvändes i olika kombinationer var: probiotics, effect, common cold, fever, flu, influenza,respiratory diseases, lactobacillus och bifidus.Urvalskriterier: Inklusionskriterier vid litteratursökningen var humanstudier i RCT-form därinterventionen varit dagligt bruk av probiotika.

Kvarstående betäckningsinducerad endometrit är ett stort problem inom hästnäringen och så även andra typer av endometrit. Detta är den främsta orsaken till infertilitet hos ston. Vissa ston är nämligen oförmögna att klara av den inflammatoriska reaktion som normalt följer av betäckning (för att eliminera sperma och patogener) eller så drabbas de lättare av kroniskt infektiös endometrit, oavsett betäckning. Det finns otaliga förslag till förklaringar till varför de inte kan hålla uterus fri från inflammation såsom defekta myometriekontraktioner, stoets reproduktionshistoria eller anatomiska aspekter (t.ex. pneumovagina, otillräckliga mekaniska barriärer eller en horisontell uterus).

Hästinfluensa, orsakat av ekvint influensavirus (EIV) förekommer över hela världen och är en vanlig respiratorisk sjukdom hos häst. Nyligen upptäcktes att EIV passerat djurslagsbarriären och orsakat sjukdom hos hund, vilket har lett till utvecklingen av canine influensavirus (CIV). Detta har sannolikt skett via direkt överföring utan föregående mutation av viruset. Flera faktorer spelar in i processen men den viktigaste tycks vara att häst och hund uttrycker samma typ av ytreceptorer i luftvägsepitelet (SA?2,3Gal), vilket möjliggör för EIV att binda in till och infektera cellerna hos både häst och hund.

Bull terrier hereditary nephritis is caused by a mutation that leads to an inadequate synthesis of collagen type IV, which is an important component in the basement membranes. The inheritance of the mutation is autosomal dominant in bull terriers and progression to renal failure takes variable time, from several months to ten years. Proteinuria is the first clinical sign of the disease and the diagnosis is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of renal tissue where typical ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), thickening and multilaminar splitting are found. This study was performed in order to find out the occurrence of hereditary nephritis in bull terriers in Sweden through examination of urine samples and renal tissue and comparisons with how the disease is described in the literature. Urine samples from 76 Swedish bull terriers were collected and examined for proteinuria.

How do you see on natural science within preschool? Does education and interest play a role for how the educationalist works with natural science? And is the children?s interest for natural science affected by the educationalist, what does the educationalist think himself? These questions have I under my teachers training and under deputyship in preschool asked myself and these questions lies to behalf for my investigation. I interviewed five educationalists on different preschools for my investigation.My investigation resulted in that I have been able to see a certain conjunction between how you work with natural science in preschool and the educationalist education or interest. What also plays a role is that you often associate natural science with knowledge of nature. The educationalist seems overall positive to natural science, but depending of a lack of knowledge it feels strange and difficult.

This study aims to highlight the crisis and adjustment process in individuals who suffered myocardial infarction. The research questions focus on the informants? experiences of the crisis and life adjustment process, and illuminate the coping strategies that the informants describe important. By using a narrative method and applyingthe crisis theory and coping theory as theoretical guidelines, this study endeavors to illuminate individuals' experiences of the disease from their own perspective. The empirical material consists of four life stories gatheredthrough semi-structured interviews.

The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of being a family caregiver for aperson with dementia. A further aim was the inclusion criteria and data collection methods inthe studies presented, and how this may have affected the results of the studies. The methodwas a descriptive literature study with qualitative approach. Data were collected throughdatabases Cinahl and Pubmed using the words: dementia, knowledge, information, support,caregivers, coping, spouses, experiences and family caregiving. Keywords were combined indifferent ways in order to refine the search.

Background: Quality of life is a concept of individual meaning which is perceived differently depending on the person experiencing it. To have a chronic disease in the lung, such as asthma, has an effect on the quality of life. Asthma affects people of all ages. It is a disease that causes a constriction in the patients? airways which leads to a feeling of suffocation which in turn produces a feeling of anxiety.Aim: The purpose is to illuminate which factors affect the quality of life in adult patients with asthma.Method: This is a literary review based on ten articles, both quantitative and qualitative, from four different continents.

This study was performed in order to investigate the difficulty in diagnosing retrobulbar disease with ultrasound. A retrospective study was accomplished to investigate the use of ultrasound in patients with suspected retrobulbar problems, and how often the examination is diagnostic. The computer based patient files, at the University of Agricultural Science in Uppsala, were searched for dogs with suspected retrobulbar disease. During 1999-01-01-2004-04-14, 14 patients fulfilling the search criteria were found. The patient records were studied, and the written reports from the ultrasound examinations were compared with the printed pictures from the examinations.