Toxoplasma gondii är en encellig parasit som kan orsaka livshotande sjukdom vid infektion av immunsupprimerade personer och skada fostret vid infektion av gravida kvinnor. Parasiten infekterar även livsmedelsproducerande djur som t ex nötkreatur och kan då ge upphov till infektiösa vävnadscystor som förekommer i bl a skelettmuskulatur. Detta gör konsumtion av kött till en viktig smittkälla, men vilken roll just nötkött spelar är inte klarlagt. Med anledning av detta har jag gjort en litteraturstudie avseende förekomsten av T. gondii hos nötkreatur.

The wide spread of the Internet and new information technologies in recent years has come to effect how libraries manage and disseminate information. Search engines like Google are widely used by people who often find the information retrieval systems of libraries to be too complicated. In 2004 Google announced plans to digitise five major library collections. Organisations representing the publishing industry and authors have since then filed lawsuits against Google claiming that Googles scanning of library books infringe the rights holders copyright. Due to Googles potential impact on libraries this thesis aims to examine how Googles digitisation project, Google Book Search, has been received in the library community.

Many perceive a boom in nostalgia and what is retro, especially within the marketing discipline. This thesis studies how nostalgia functions in the advertising context and aims to shed light on which effects there are from nostalgia evoking communication, what connections there are with other important factors as well as aspires to develop the understanding of the underlying psychological aspects and the emotional bonds to events (as nostalgia evoking stimuli in the thesis), which pave the ground for nostalgic emotions. Point of origin has been classical measures of communication effects and models of connections and causality and to these important factors have been added. Results show clear connections and correlations between nostalgia and positive communication effects, even with control for other factors that may interfere. However, the results show that some factors have moderating effects that should be important to take into consideration, namely how well the brand and the event in the ad are perceived to fit the advertising context.

Many perceive a boom in nostalgia and what is retro, especially within the marketing discipline. This thesis studies how nostalgia functions in the advertising context and aims to shed light on which effects there are from nostalgia evoking communication, what connections there are with other important factors as well as aspires to develop the understanding of the underlying psychological aspects and the emotional bonds to events (as nostalgia evoking stimuli in the thesis), which pave the ground for nostalgic emotions. Point of origin has been classical measures of communication effects and models of connections and causality and to these important factors have been added. Results show clear connections and correlations between nostalgia and positive communication effects, even with control for other factors that may interfere. However, the results show that some factors have moderating effects that should be important to take into consideration, namely how well the brand and the event in the ad are perceived to fit the advertising context.

Livsformerna på jorden delas systematiskt in i de tre domänerna bakterier, arkéer och eukaryoter. Arkéer är de mikroorganismer som lever i extrema miljöer såsom hetvattenkällor, sjöar med hög salthalt och i miljöer med extrema pH-värden. De kan existera i miljöer där inga andra organismer överlever men förekommer även rikligt överallt runtomkring oss, exempelvis i människans mage och som normalflora i munnen.Vissa bakterier och arkéer har genen för enzymet ammoniak monooxygenas (AMO). Detta enzym spelar en viktig roll vid rening av avloppsvatten genom att oxidera ammonium till nitrit.Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att detektera arkéer i prover av aktivt slam vilket gjordes genom att optimera en Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) baserad metod. Först pelleterades slamproverna via centrifugering för att kunna preparera DNA.

The aim of this study is to examine the market reaction when information about a company?s foreign direct investment is announced and how that affects the shareholder?s value. Also of interest is whether the market reacts differently depending on which country the investment is established in and which mode of entry is used. This will be achieved by using an event study approach. The selection that was used consisted of 206 companies registered on the Nasdaq OMX Nordic homepage, which had during a time period stretching from 1999 to 2009 established a foreign direct investment in the regions BRIC, Europe or the USA using the mode of organic growth, joint venture or acquisition.

Background Adolescents and adults suffering from needle phobia have an unreasonable fear of needles that leads to negative experiences if they do not get the support they need. Negative experiences lead to patients avoiding health care, or these experiences affect important aspects of life. The suffering that a patient experiences may be obvious to some, but others hide it, and then it will be more difficult to detect. The nurse's role is to recognize the suffering and its different reactions in order to alleviate and prevent unnecessary suffering of the patient. AimThe purpose of this study was to describe about young people's and adults' experiences of having needle phobias.

In today?s computerized society more and more companies choose to utilize new applications that can ease the way of handling the information. For many of us is imperative that the process as efficient as possible if one takes in consideration the size of savings that this new application can bring.The developer of the evaluated system is SYSteam AB Huskvarna and they are the ones that gave us this assignment. The application that we evaluate is SCM (Secure Connection Manager). It is already used today by big companies such as Telia and Ericsson to search for errors in telephone servers placed all over the country.

Cytokiner eller interleukiner är signalpeptider med låg molekylär vikt som reglerar många viktiga funktioner. De kan delas in i två grupper beroende på deras effekt på celler. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) till exempel kan tillhöra gruppen tillväxtfaktorer medan interleukin 6 (IL-6) kan tillhöra gruppen aktiverings- eller differentieringsfaktorer. IgM-receptorn eller B-cellsreceptorn, BCR, finns på Bceller och är membranbundna immunoglobuliner (mIg) som har två huvuduppgifter; att förmedla signaler som styr B-cellens utveckling samt att binda in antigen som sedan ska presenteras för T-celler. I studien aktiverades B-celler med antikropp mot IgM (anti-IgM) samt rekombinant IL-4.

Livsformerna på jorden delas systematiskt in i de tre domänerna bakterier, arkéer och eukaryoter. Arkéer är de mikroorganismer som lever i extrema miljöer såsom hetvattenkällor, sjöar med hög salthalt och i miljöer med extrema pH-värden. De kan existera i miljöer där inga andra organismer överlever men förekommer även rikligt överallt runtomkring oss, exempelvis i människans mage och som normalflora i munnen.Vissa bakterier och arkéer har genen för enzymet ammoniak monooxygenas (AMO). Detta enzym spelar en viktig roll vid rening av avloppsvatten genom att oxidera ammonium till nitrit.Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att detektera arkéer i prover av aktivt slam vilket gjordes genom att optimera en Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) baserad metod. Först pelleterades slamproverna via centrifugering för att kunna preparera DNA.

Mjölksyrabakterier tillhörande släkten Lactobacillus och Bifidobacterium har nyligen upptäckts hos bin och i honungen de producerar och innefattar 13 nya arter[1]. Forskarna arbetar med att ta fram nya snabba och mer pålitliga identifierings metoder för att karakterisera dessa bakterier. I detta projekt undersöktes möjligheten att identifiera dessa bakterier med en ny metod som heter denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Metoden bygger på separation av PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplifierade 16S rDNA fragment i DHPLC [8]. Vid identifiering av bakterier amplifierades olika variabla regioner från 16S rRNA genen, som påvisade efter sekvensering störst genetisk variation mellan dessa bakterier [1]. Separationen utfördes med ion-pair reverse-phase high presure liquid chromatoghaphy (IP RP HPLC) med delvis denaturering av DNA molekylen.

Livsformerna på jorden delas systematiskt in i de tre domänerna bakterier, arkéer och eukaryoter. Arkéer är de mikroorganismer som lever i extrema miljöer såsom hetvattenkällor, sjöar med hög salthalt och i miljöer med extrema pH-värden. De kan existera i miljöer där inga andra organismer överlever men förekommer även rikligt överallt runtomkring oss, exempelvis i människans mage och som normalflora i munnen.Vissa bakterier och arkéer har genen för enzymet ammoniak monooxygenas (AMO). Detta enzym spelar en viktig roll vid rening av avloppsvatten genom att oxidera ammonium till nitrit.Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att detektera arkéer i prover av aktivt slam vilket gjordes genom att optimera en Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) baserad metod. Först pelleterades slamproverna via centrifugering för att kunna preparera DNA.

Local participation in nature conservation has gained more attention over the last decades due to international conventions as well as local and national initiatives. This development can be seen as a reaction to a more expert oriented nature conservation characterized by centralized control and strict preservation of so called "original" nature. The overall objective of this thesis is to contribute to research on new forms of conservation where democracy and local participation is included. The case study focuses on the process of producing a pre-study for a suggested national park in southern Jämtland in the Swedish mountain region, and aims to investigate to what extent local participation was included. The pre-study was led by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and the County Administrative Board (CAB) in Jämtland.

Companies and special interest organizations pays multiple millions each year in order to reach out with messages about that their products are biggest, best and most beautiful. The publicity happens among thing like TV, in brochures, on the Internet andin newspapers etc. places. This means that consumer permanently becomes affected of publicity, and is thereby in an exposed situation. Around the EU, the border of what to consider undue or not, have been in different levels.

The problems around and the planning of wood flow is some of the most complex issues in the forest-sector. The experience and overview of the single employees is crucial for the possibility of correct tactical and economical decision-making. The increasing demand of savings and shorter reaction-times with greater flexibility in the wood-supply-chain, makes solutions and aids for improved effectiveness in the work and processes according to wood-flow urgent. Holmen Skog is starting to develop a new forest-road-management-system. The system will facilitate the work according to construction, improvements and updating the standard of roads.