This work is an experimental study where knock sensor placements are investigated using engine tests. The aim is to studythe quality of the signal from knock sensors and how the signal for engine control is affected at different sensor locations on Scanias, engine DC13. To find out at witch position on the engine youcan get a usable signal for engine control, the engine is running while the knock sensors with advanced measurement equipment is connected to the engine. Evaluation of signals from the knock sensors are made in the computer program Matlab. The program is producing a seriesof plots, from these plots it is visually possible to draw conclusions and find connections.

Problem: De teorier om strategier som finns idag och som används kan synas vara föråldrade. Då information skiljer sig från de traditionella tjänster och produkter finner vi ett behov att undersöka hur vidare strategierna kan användas inom den mobila kommunikationen och den nya ekonomin. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa förståelse för möjliga strategier som kan göra mobila tjänster lönsamma. Metod: Vi har använt en kvalitativ undersökning med ett positivistiskt angreppssätt. Genom en abduktiv ansats kommer vi att föra en diskussion genom teorin samt empirin.

SummaryBackground: Management control is important for all kinds of activities, both in trade and industry and in the public sector since you must economize on scarce resources. There are nevertheless many different views on management control, which have changed with the times. With regard to the public sector in Sweden, the management control systems have changed radically the last half century, especially from the 1980s, due to depressions and increased focus on effectiveness. New approaches have been taken by many municipalities and county councils, both in Sweden and internationally, where the former management control systems have been abandoned in favour of result control, target costing, and activity-based-costing, for example. Another new approach has been the Balanced Scorecard, which was introduced by Kaplan & Norton in a pioneering article in 1992.The Balanced scorecard is a multidimensional tool, originally intended to be used in trade and industry, but with regard to its nature, it has been adopted even by many non-commercial organizations, especially in Sweden.

Previous research in the area of leadership and stress has shown that the leader plays an important role but in what way is still an issue to explore. A qualitative approach was used in this study to develop an increased understanding of the leader's experience of stress using four themes; leadership, stress, control and organizational factors. A total of 12 semi-structured and un-structured interviews were carried out with 6 leaders, three females and three males. The data was transcribed and thematic as well as narrative analysis was conducted.The results indicates that leadership stress is caused by a lack of control and that factors intrinsic to the role as a leader both facilitates and complicates the leaders situation when facing stress..

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine if companies? incentive programs for employees is designed in such a way that it makes it possible for managers to reach their goals. Method: Qualitative with a semi standardised questionnaire Results: Our results is that the incentive programs for employees in their present form don?t give the companies a good possibility to effect the employees to perform towards the goals of the system. The performance measures in the incentive programs for employees is suitable in comparison with the goals of the program but the construction and the use of the systems doesn?t give a satisfied result in comprising with the goals.

Active Vibration Control of a Laser PatternGenerator in Microlithography.

The purpose of this project was to further develop and complete a quadcopter that had been built in an earlier course at KTH, so that it could be used for demonstration and education at the school. The quadcopter was at the beginning of the project completed when it came to hardware, and there was some software functionality implemented but no system for automatic stabilization. The main goal of the project was to implement such a system, and to combine it with the previous functionality to make the quadcopter operable and able to fly. To create a functioning and stable ground multiple basic software features has been implemented, and on top of that additional software to improve the safety, stability and functionality. The most important part is the control system that is responsible for converting sensor and control signals to suitable motor values.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att öka förståelsen för hur konflikter hanteras inom horisontella organisationer. Detta genom att studera hur Spotify upplever konflikters påverkan samt hur konflikter hanteras inom organisationen. Studien har utifrån en fenomenologisk ansats studerat konflikter och hantering av konflikter ur ett ledarskapsperspektiv. Datainsamlingsmetoden har varit semi-strukturerade intervjuer.I resultatet framkommer det att konflikter upplevs som positivt för individers och Spotifys utveckling då konflikter upplevs bidra till nytänkande och utveckling. Studien visar på att organisationer genom konstruktiv konflikthantering kan utvecklas.

Conditions for Swedish forestry are expected to change in the future due to the climate. Among other things, increased production is expected in a warmer climate, mainly because of a longer growing season. With the changing climate risk of damage by such as insects, fungi and storms are expected to increase. Hence, it is of highest importance for private forest owners to spread these risks in the way they cultivate their forest. In this study a qualitative method was used to examine ten private forest owners with forest properties within Kronoberg county, Sweden in their attitudes and actions to prepare in terms of climate change and if they have been affected by the climate change debate in their forest decisions.

AbstraktUndersökningens syfte är att undersöka vilka faktorer som motiverar anställda att stanna kvar på sin arbetsplats och se vilken roll trivsel och arbetsmotivation spelar i sammanhanget. I förlängningen vill vi undersöka hur företaget kan arbeta för att behålla sina anställda.Följande frågeställningar utgör studiens röda tråd: Vilka motiv uppger anställda som viktiga för att trivas på sin arbetsplats? Vilka faktorer skapar arbetsmotivation bland de anställda? Hur kan trivsel och arbetsmotivation tänkas påverka de anställda till att stanna kvar på arbetsplatsen?För att få svar på dessa frågor har åtta personer intervjuats på ett företag. Tillvägagångssättet är kvalitativt. Resultatet visar att: om respondenterna får utmanande arbetsuppgifter med variation ökar drivkraften till arbete; en avklarad arbetsuppgift ger även den tillfredsställelse; utveckling och ansvar spelar stor roll; kompetensutveckling och utbildning stärker individen i sin yrkesroll; flexibilitet och självbestämmande är viktiga faktorer för de anställdas trivsel och motivation; god stämning har avgörande betydelse för den anställdes fortsatta trivsel/vantrivsel; feedback är motivationsskapande men om det saknas inträder vantrivsel vilket kan få den anställde att söka sig bort..

Bakgrund: Motivation är något som finns hos alla människor, den kan bestå av både inre och yttre motivation. Inre motivation är något en människa får när hen gör något intressant och meningsfullt. En yttre motivation nås när något ges tillbaka efter den handling som utförts. Dagens sjuksköterskor möts av många hinder i form av hög arbetsbelastning, låga löner och stressiga miljöer vilket leder till att sjuksköterskor väljer att lämna vården. Å andra sidan väljer ändå en stor del sjuksköterskor att jobba kvar eftersom de fortfarande känner motivation.

Fruit flies (Tephritidae) are serious pests that cause enormous losses for farmers in many countries. The frequent use of insecticides in controlling fruit flies in fruits and vegetable has not resulted in sustainable management of the pest. Problems associated with this complete reliance on chemical control are many residues of insecticides in crops, health problems for farmers, contamination of water and soil, insecticide resistance development and decrease in natural enemy populations. The implementation of control measures that do not imply an added burden to the environment and/or the farmers is urgent. More knowledge about the ecology of fruit flies is the basis for finding new and better ways to control this pest.

The focus of this thesis is primarily in electronic construction and describes the design process for a microcontroller circuit board from concept development to prototyping. The client develops test fixtures for automated testing of products within the electronics industry and needs a new controller circuit for the test fixtures that can handle controls and basic testing. An investigation into the needs of such a system is conducted and a prototype printed circuit board assembly is manufactured.The prototype is developed with focus on protection against electrostatic discharges and overvoltage. Among the functions that are included are voltage measurements, communication interfaces and control of input and output currents. Firmware for the prototype is developed and configured to communicate with a PC through USB interface for control and collecting of measurements..

Around the 1950s an explosive population growth started in the Third World. Parallel with the population growth a global network grew up advocating population control and limited population growth. Sweden had a unique place in that network through a pioneering role promoting the issue in the UN organization. During the 20th century Sweden was a pioneer country in terms of initiatives for population control. Ceylon family planing pilot project was something new in a time when other donors considered family planning be too controversial area for bilateral aid projects.

Around the 1950s an explosive population growth started in the Third World. Parallel with the population growth a global network grew up advocating population control and limited population growth. Sweden had a unique place in that network through a pioneering role promoting the issue in the UN organization. During the 20th century Sweden was a pioneer country in terms of initiatives for population control. Ceylon family planing pilot project was something new in a time when other donors considered family planning be too controversial area for bilateral aid projects.