The purpose of this study was to examine vitamin A and E in equine nutrition and especially in relation to forages. A literature review was conducted to examine factors that influence the level of vitamins present in forage, the vitamin A and E requirement of horses, and the Absorption of vitamin A and E in horses. The influence of DM level on alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene content in ensiled forage was investigated in a controlled ensiling study using baled silage and haylage. The results from the ensiling study were combined with data of vitamin A and E concentrations collected from literature. Calculations were done to theoretically establish how well the vitamin content in ensiled forage can cover the maintenance requirements of vitamin A and E in horses.

In many developing countries, among them Vietnam, contamination of agricultural land is a major issue that has public health implications. A fast growing population, rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to air and water emissions of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as cadmium (Cd). Earlier studies have shown that individuals with low iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) status absorb larger quantities of Cd than those of adequate nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the Fe and Zn intake from the foods consumed by women (15-45 years) in selected households in two agricultural villag-es in the Red River delta in Vietnam. In one of the villages the residents were involved in metal (mainly Fe) recycling activity, whereas in the other village the residents had agricul-tural production as main source of income. Interviews, followed by food intake calcula-tions, were performed.

Studies show that activity based costing (ABC) is not widespread in practice even though it has been present in the academic world since the 80's. This thesis examines the reasons for the discrepancy between theory and practice through a case study of a Swedish manufacturing company. The intension is to answer the question of what contributes to the choice of precision in product costing.We found arguments for increasing precision in product costing but not to the extent of a full-scale ABC implementation. The company's estimation of the value of increased precision. In the study three company unique factors were isolated that affected the company's estimation of value; drifting purpose of product costing, historical use of product costing and knowledge about product costing..

Energy consumption is at present a major political issue, and numerous projects that comprise many nations are currently in process to increase energy efficiency and bring down energy dependency. As a member state of the EU, Sweden now faces the challenge of implementing substantial energy-saving measures until the year 2016. One of these measures is the project ?Green Islands? financed by the EU that intend on creating sustainable islands in areas around the Baltic Sea. The Archipelago Foundation leads the project that concerns the Stockholm archipelago, where focus has been placed upon decreasing energy usage in businesses and services on Utö among other islands.

Detta är ett examensarbete som genomförts hos Göteborg Energi AB och syftar till att utreda omkryogen uppgradering av biogas med fördel kan ske genom att producera nödvändig kyla medvärmedriven Absorptionskylmaskin. Göteborg Energi är en av tre parter som tillsammans ska bygga enbiogasanläggning i Lidköping som ska vara i drift 2010. Anläggningen ska producera 30 GWhflytande biogas per år.Arbetet utreder om det är fördelaktigt ur ekonomiskt, energimässigt och miljömässigt perspektiv attuppgradera biogas med kryogen teknik med värmeproducerad kyla. En jämförelse görs först medkryogen teknik där kylan är producerad med el och sen med andra uppgraderingstekniker. Som stödhar två olika processimuleringsprogram används, Hysys och DESIGN II.Resultatet visar att energianvändningen ökar då värmedriven kyla används i jämförelse med kylaproducerad med el.

Vid simuleringen av köldbärarledningens huvudstam uppstod det sträckor med höga tryckfall som är koncentrerade till massabruket. I de mindre avsticken uppstod de högsta tryckfallen även här på massabruket. För att minska tryckfallsförlusterna i köldbärarledningarna är det bästa om möjligt att försöka justera in systemet så bra som möjligt. Från beräkningarna som är gjorda kan det avläsas att köldbärarsystemets huvudstam på massabruket är belastad mer än vad den är på pappersbruket. Vid konvertering av den befintliga Absorptionskylmaskinen kan Kappa Kraftliner Piteå spara ungefär 0,93 MSEK per driftår genom att ersätta lågtrycksångan med antingen flashlut eller flashånga som drivvärmealternativ.

The problems caused by the current engine casing in aluminum for Volvo Buses Corp. are the mainfoundation for this degree project. Lack of maintenance combined with a construction poorlyadjusted for assembly has resulted in the fact that the engine casings rarely get reassembled whenthe service is completed.The degree project has mainly been following ?Olssons. F, Principkonstruktion, Compendium, Lund?and ?Olssons.

Jordens vattendrag blir alltmer förorenade av tungmetaller, vilket är ett miljöproblem. Forskning visar att alger har en påvisad bra effekt gällande biosorption eller Absorption av dessa föroreningar. Syftet med examensarbetet var att utvärdera möjligheterna till vidhäftning av alger på textila material. Målet är att i framtiden utveckla en geotextil som kan eliminera tungmetaller från vatten. Valet att odla alger på textil grundas på dess portabilitet, förmåga att täcka stora ytor, kostnadseffek- tiva produktion och det möjliggör en smidig uppsamling av alger från vattnet.

Healthy, natural pastures is very valuable for biodiversity in the form of both plants and animals. An efficient use of pastures helps to preserve biodiversity, but grazing animals needs to be de-wormed to keep them healthy and to prevent harmful parasites spread on the pasture. The awareness about the environmental impact of the frequent use of deworming agents is low among the public. Some people are unaware that the Absorption in horses of anthelmintics is incomplete, which make the circumstances about enviromental effect important to investigate further. The scientific evidence in this area is limited and more studies and trials are needed to deepen the knowledge about the effects of anthelmintics in the environment.

The aim of our research was to investigate if oat is capable of extracting cadmium to such extent that it is usable in decontaminating polluted soils. We grew oat in a hydroponic culture during 28 days in a controlled environment and a total of 30 plants were used. The nutrient solutions were contaminated with cadmium of ten different concentrations after seven days. After harvesting the plants, the roots were separated from the shoots, placed in separate containers and then turned to ashes. The cadmium content was measured three times per sample in an atomic Absorption spectrometer.Our results indicate that the ability of oat to extract cadmium from a solution is linearly dependent of the cadmium concentration of the solution.

The purpose of this thesis was to develop and optimize a method of analysis for combustion of organic chemical products, followed by an ion chromatographic quantitative analysis. This was to be achieved with the decomposition equipment IKA AOD 1. The aim was to receive a precise and repeatable method that would be able to be applied to the process of qualification and technical marking of chemical products at the company, OKG AB in Oskarshamn. A complete instruction for the decomposition equipment and the method of analysis was written. A number of parameters were chosen from the general method of the combustion equipment, which then was tested parallel with a simultaneous development of an appropriate ion chromatographic method.

Nanotechnology, one of the most interesting sciences today will no doubt have an enourmous impact on tomorrow's society and industry. One of the most interesting nanomaterial that has been discovered is the semiconductor quantum dot (QD). This material shows interesting novel properties such as a size-dependent band gap, which is an effect caused by the quantum confinement effect in all three dimensions. Due to this phenomenon the Absorption spectrum can be tuned to the desired value by adjusting the size of the QD.This thesis aims to investigate how the solvent ratio of H2O/Ethanol affects the optical and structural properties of copper sulfide QDs manufactured in a chemical synthesis way using modern microwave heating. The process of manufacturing QDs using chemical synthesis often involve a capping-agent to prevent the QDs from agglomerate into bigger structures.

AbstractOne opinion among people who are experienced in hand rearing newborn mammals is that goat milk is more suitable than cow milk if the young needs a milk replacer. The purpose of this literature review was to find out if there is scientific evidence that goat milk is a better milk replacer for piglets, rat pups and foals than cow milk. The milk is essential for the newborn animal, as its only source of nutrition until it has learned how to eat solid food. In this literature review, the composition of goat milk and cow milk is compared with the nutrient requirements after birth in piglets, rat pups and foals. The nutrient requirements and the milk composition are partly determined by the newborn mammals activity level and suckling frequency, which also is described.

Vår utgångspunkt för uppsatsen var att erbjuda en fördjupning i bankens, enligt vår mening, intressanta affärsmodell. Utifrån vår fallstudie presenterar vi hur bankföretaget integrerar externt producerade finansiella produkter och vi studerar modularitetstänkandets eventuella tillämpbarhet på externt producerade finansiella produkter. Vidare ska vi identifiera möjliggörare, interna resurser som möjliggör strategisk flexibilitet och dynamisk förmåga.I det förändrade konkurrenslandskapets spår följer ett behov av att komplettera den resursbaserade ansatsen med begrepp som strategisk flexibilitet, dynamisk förmåga. Strategisk flexibilitet och dynamisk förmåga ställer ytterligare frågor om hur dessa skall hanteras varvid begrepp som Absorption capacity och modularitet ytterligare definierar hur detta uppnås. Vi skall i denna studie analysera vilka interna resurser, möjliggörare, som är centrala för att integrera externa leverantörers resurser som sina egna..

Jag undersöker huruvida fundamentala faktorer såsom konsumtion, investeringar, statliga utgifter samt utländsk exportefterfrågan inverkat på fluktuationer i USAs reala växelkurs mellan 1970 och 2005. Ekonomin beskrivs av en Mundell-Fleming-modell. Utifrån denna konstrueras tillsammans med en dynamisk exportmodell av Gottfries (2002) ett uttryck för en hypotetisk real växelkurs, vars utveckling jämförs med den faktiska växelkursutvecklingen. Jag finner vid denna beräkning samt vid en statistik analys, båda grundande på kvartalsdata, att den faktiska växelkursutvecklingen föregår chocker i konsumtion, investeringar, statliga utgifter med tre-fyra års sikt, vilket jag tolkar som att marknadens aktörer förutser förändringar inom de fundamentala faktorerna och påverkar valutaflödena därefter. Detta resultat utmärker sig från rådande empirisk forskning, som överlag inte finner något samband mellan växelkurser och fundamentala faktorer..