Kommunikationen av ett internationellt varumärke -En studie om IKEA
GlobaltLokaltKommunikationMarknadsföringVarumärkeStandardiseringKulturLedarskapBusiness and Economics
The transformation within the swedish infrastructure has been a slow process from thebeginning of time. For almost a decade, the traditional form of contracting regardingbuildings and foremost infrastructure has evolved contracting involving the owner to definethe outcome of the product, regardless involvement from the supposed contractor. As forthe swedish market, the traditional design-bid-build (DBB) have been the primary choice ofcontracting. Although changes have been made over time regarding contracting formswithin the road administration, the railway sector has not improved or justified changesregarding choice of contracting, they have conducted same contracting relationshipsbetween them and the contractor.This bachelor thesis, conducted at the Swedish railway administration with supervision ofprofessor Kristian Widén at Lunds University, explores the forces behind the new era ofcontracting within the railway administration. This bachelor thesis focuses mainly oncontracting regarding design-build-operate-main (DBOM), the new contracting formulabetween the owner and the contractor. Studies within the area of DBOM, shows that thereare some potential regarding this kind of contracting but the railway sector is yet to be moreefficient regarding administration. Furthermore, studies shows that DBOM might be apossible contract type within some technological areas of the railway sector and someminor projects as well. The core subject of this thesis is to evaluate the forces behindimplementation of a possible contracting type like DBOM within the railway sector. Theoutcome of this studies and conclusion drawn by the author shows that implementation ofthe DBOM contracting type, as mentioned before, is yet to be implemented in minor fieldswithin the railway sector.Regarding finance and infrastructure developments, the literature studies made within thearea of financing of infrastructure developments, delivers the theory of three kinds offinancing models within the infrastructure: government subsidy, government granted loanand Public-Private-Partnership. Furthermore, some forces within the swedish governmentsolemnly issues that Public-Private-Partnership venture is equal DBOM contracting.Studies regarding procurement shows that there various types of problems regarding theprocess of procurement within the swedish railway administration and the infrastructurearea as well, could be shortened and more effective. The analyze regarding procurementwithin the swedish railway administration, conducts certain amount of conclusion andforemost that new kind of procurement method should be implemented within the swedishrailway administration, as of E-procurement or equal.This thesis also contains a case study, Mälarbanan. The reason why a case study has beenconducted, is to evaluate whether if DBOM contracting type should be implemented withinMälarbanan, a railway line between Tomteboda and Kallhäll. The analyze intermediatespossible threats regarding DBOM contracting type. Foremost, the DBOM contracting typeshould not be implemented whereas there are some tunnels involved in the contract thus theoutcome (product) might differ from the request proposal and the specification given by theowner, the swedish railway administration i.e. Secondly, the DBOM contracting formshould not be implemented regarding a railway line like Mälarbanan, the length of lineshould be taken to consideration. Although there are some major/minor issues regardingDBOM contracting type, the study recommends the swedish railway administration thatminor contracts should be the primary choice of the case of Mälarbanan.The conclusion made by the author is regarding the swedish railway administration. Theanalyze shows that and the conclusion conducted by the author relates to effectiveness andthe new kind of structure. Recent administration structures lacks efficiency regardingimplementation of new contracting types and as a result of lack of effectiveness have led toconsequences regarding lack of bids and lack of competition between entrepreneurs, butforemost lack of innovation within the railway sector. Keywords: DBOM, procurement, effectiveness, finance.