Beräkning av värmeförluster och energieffektivisering av elbussar
The ?civilized? world is in need of fossil fuel in order to function. Hybricon AB is a company in Umeå that is developing a technology that hopefully can reduce parts of this need. They are currently testing their two electrical busses (with Hybrid backup) in city traffic on the roads of Umeå in cooperation with the county of Umeå. The busses are originally diesel-busses, but the diesel motor has been replaced with two electrical hub-motors with a power of 145 kW each that are powered by batteries.The batteries are charged at the end station after each route. In case the batteries should run low on capacity during driving, they can be recharged by the so called genset. The genset consists of a diesel-engine with a generator. A general problem with electrical vehicles is their lack of waste heat for compartmental heating, due to higher efficiency of the electrical engine and the fact that the energy conversion doesn?t involve combustion. An ordinary diesel-buss can use the waste heat from the engine for compartmental heating, but even that is not enough to satisfy the need of heat to keep the bus warm in for example northern Sweden, where the climate is very cold during winter. The purpose of this thesis is to help Hybricon investigate how big the heat losses are for the electrical busses and thereby calculate the maximum need of heating power, and also investigate what different energy efficient actions can contribute to lowering the need of heating power. The goal for Hybricon is to be independent of fossil fuels for the heating of their busses, after future energy efficient actions. The power for heating in the bus at its original manufactured state is between 40-50 kW when the doors are closed and between 100-500 kW depending on the number of doors open simultaneously (one, two or three). Through energy efficient actions in the climate shell, the maximum heating power for the bus can be lowered by 22,4 % when the doors are closed and about 3,5 % when doors are open.It is shown that the biggest heat loss occurs when one or more doors are open. Many energy efficient actions must be made and especially the heat loss through the doors must be lowered significantly, if the busses are to be heated in an energy efficient way and without need of fossil fuels.