The increasing threat of climate change has led to a increased need for models to predict future climat. In these models the changes in the soil carbon pools due to changes in microbiel degradation of the organic matter can lead to both positive and negative feedback-effects. There is however a lack of consensues on the temperature respons on degradation soil organic matter. This paper aim to give a better understanding on the factors controlling the temperature respons. The factors studied were the carbon substrate qualitity and the physiological status of the microorganisms.

Agricultural soils constitute the base in human food production and soil content of organic matter and plant nutrients together with soil microbial activity are all important parameters for high crop yield of good quality. These parameters are dependant on proper fertilization.Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes for biogas production generates a liquid residue called biogas residue (BR). It contains organic material and plant nutrients which makes ita potential fertilizer for arable cropping. However, it also contains heavy metals and toxic organic compounds and it is therefore in need of evaluation before usage.Microbial tests were performed aiming to evaluate the agronomic traits of four different BR and to find a viable procedure for evaluating slurry fertilizers. Two experiments where soil Respiration and soil potential denitrification activity (PDA) was measured at fertilizer addition were performed.

During the year of 2008, a powerful earthquake hit the southern part of Iceland, which changed the geothermal conditions in the area around the city of Hveragerdi. Elevated soil temperatures in a nearby forest plantation have contributed to a unique opportunity for researchers to study how an increased soil temperature affects the boreal forest ecosystem, something that partly can be connected to the climate changes which are happening today. The boreal forest is representing a carbon sink and a buffert for the emissions that occurs. Changes in this ecosystem will for that reason contribute to major impact for the global carbon cycle. To study the impact of how elevated soil temperatures affects different processes in a plantation of Sitka spruce, studies were made on the photosynthesis of the trees and the Respiration from the soil.

The decomposition of organic carbon in drained peat soils is a major source of carbon di-oxide in Sweden. A big part of these drained peat soils are used in agriculture and it is a big challenge to slow down their decomposition. It has earlier been thought that less tilling and higher water table levels would decrease the activity of soil microbes and thereby the decomposition, but recent experiments has showed that this has little or no effect. In this bachelor thesis a field experiment was made on drained peat soil with ley, outside Björklinge, Uppsala municipality, Sweden. The experiment was carried out in May 2011. The objective was to develop a method to examine how the net exchange of carbon diox-ide from plant covered peat soil is affected by temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).

Heat stress negatively influences the performance of dairy cattle such as lactation and reproduction. Heat stress can cause production losses as well as welfare problems. Years of research have shown that heat stress is a huge problem for dairy cattle in both the tropics and temperate zones but no such research have so far been done in northern European countries. It seems like shade is an important tool when improving pasture conditions and therefore deserves more attention. The aim with this study was to investigate whether there is a need of providing shade for grazing dairy cows during the summer in Sweden. Two groups of lactating Swedish Red dairy cows (n=15 per group) were kept on pasture.

Många parasiter, framförallt arter som lever som endoparasiter i syrefattiga miljöer som värddjurets tarm, har anaerob Respiration under vissa eller flera av sina utvecklingsstadier. Den anaeroba Respirationen hos parasiten skiljer sig på många sätt ifrån värddjurets aeroba Respiration och dessa skillnader utgör potentiella mål vid anthelmintikabehandling. Enzymet fumaratreduktas är ett exempel på ett sådant mål. Fumaratreduktas finns inte hos värddjuret men hos många parasiter fyller detta enzym en nyckelfunktion dels i den anaeroba elektrontransportkedjan och dels då glukos kataboliseras i den anaeroba kolhydratmetabolismen via fosfoenolpyruvatkarboxykinas-succinat-vägen. Hos benzimidazolerna, som är en flitigt använd grupp av anthelmintika (avmaskningsmedel) hos många djurslag, är den huvudsakliga verkningsmekanismen att det sker en inhibering av mikrotubulipolymeriseringen, men flera studier tyder även på att fumaratreduktas utgör ytterligare en potentiell verkningsplats. Samtliga studier som redovisas i detta arbete visar på att benzimidazoler har en inhiberande effekt på fumaratreduktasaktiviteten hos de undersökta parasiterna. Den hämmande effekten som uppmättes varierade emellertid kraftigt mellan olika benzimidazolpreparat. Även effekten för samma preparat varierade i vissa fall i olika studier.

The aim with this paper was to find out how the brachycephalic look affects the health of dogs that have these features. Due to limitations in size, it was decided to concentrate on five common brachycephalic breeds in Sweden. Research methods included literature studies, questionnaires, a written interview and online sources. From the results it can be concluded that the way these dogs are built has a large influence on their health, particularly when it comes to Respiration and giving birth. .

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect, which is essential tolife on our planet. Furthermore, it plays an important part of the photosynthesis andRespiration of the world?s organisms. Since the start of the industrial revolution the amount ofcarbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased exponentially. The main source is theextensive burning of fossil fuels.

JÄMFÖRELSE AV DIASTOLISKA PARAMETRAR I LIGGANDE RESPEKTIVE SITTANDE STÄLLNING ZAHRAA ALSAFI Alsafi Z. Jämförelse av diastoliska parametrar i liggande respektive sittande ställning. Examensarbete i i biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och samhälle, Utbildningsområde Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2010. Ändringar av kroppsställning medför ändringar i hjärtats diastoliska funktion. Studier har visat med hjälp av icke-invasiva metoder utförda med ekokardiografi, att de diastoliska parametrarna är större vid liggande i jämförelse med exempelvis stående ställning.

There are a great possibility to shorten the time between mowing and preservation by spreading of ley crops in connection to the conditioning. In this case the cellular Respiration (the plants breeding that consume sugar until the crop is ensiled) should not continue as long and the forage will perhaps get a higher nutritional value. The capacity of the next machine could also be higher because the rake gives swaths with a lot of material. There is also a possibility that spreading of ley crops gives the material a more homogeneous content of dry matter and that gives a reduced growth of clostridium. This is particularly important when the method of harvest doesn?t include any mixing of the material like it does with a round baler or silagewagon.

Hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar står för ungefär hälften av alla dödsfall i Sverige per år. Det går att förebygga hjärtsjukdom och återinsjuknande efter hjärtinfarkt genom att jobba både primärpreventivt och sekundärpreventivt. En sekundärpreventiv insats är hjärtrehabilitering som är en etablerad form av behandling. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka genomförandet och effekterna av fysisk aktivitet och avslappning som rehabilitering efter hjärtinfarkt. 16 artiklar som behandlade effekterna av fysisk aktivitet och avslappning efter hjärtinfarkt inkluderades.

In this paper respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was examined in relation to two kinds of threatening pictures, biological and nonbiological. Based on the results of prior research the hypothesis was claimed to note a difference between the two types of pictures regarding RSA and gender differences regarding cardiac activity due to the emotional stimulus. ECG and Respiration were collected from 36 adults, 17 women and 19 men. There were no significant relationship between the different types of threatening pictorial stimuli, and no significant effects of gender were found. The results support some of the prior research on the topic but are in conflict with other.

Andas är det första vi gör omedvetet, därför behöver vi inte lära oss andas. Från det första andetaget andas vi helt rätt. Senare i livet kan det gå snett i tekniken och då kan vi behöva medvetandegöra vår andning. I FMT-metoden (Funktionsinriktad musikterapi) finns redskap för att bearbeta andningen på ett effektivt och lustfyllt sätt.Lasse Hjelm (FMT-metodens grundare) betonar vikten av att andningen är inordnad i helhetsutvecklingen. För att nå optimal prestationsförmåga måste varje rörelse koordineras med andningen i en rytm.Syftet med detta examensarbete var att beskriva FMT-metoden samt göra en fördjupning i ämnet andning.

Swedish farmers have the possibility to be subsidized by EU rural development programme for grazing animals on pastures to promote the biodiversity of flora and fauna. The environmental remedy sometimes does not allow supplementary feed and at the same time the Swedish Animal Welfare Act and the Swedish Agricultural Board?s regulations for animal welfare and protection states that animals, in this case horses, shall be fed with food of good quality and adapted for the species. The regulations also state that they should have an individual feeding regime that enables them to maintain a normal body condition. The aim with this master thesis has been to investigate if it is possible to keep Gotland ponies on extensive pastures, during late spring and summer and still maintain animal welfare. The horses were assessed every fourth week using a welfare assessment protocol developed in line with the Welfare Quality® project (submitted, Viksten et al) where physical, behavioural and resourcebased parameters were observed. Twelve one-year old stallions of the breed Gotland ponies purchased from different breeders were used in the study.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic respiratory disease with an estimated incidence of 3-6 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in Sweden. There is no cure for the disease, which inevitably leads to death. A similar disease has been found among terrier dogs, with an especially high prevalence in the West Highland White Terrier (WHWT). Dogs with pulmonary fibrosis become lethargic with exercise intolerance, and in some cases they develop cough and respiratory distress. This thesis gives a brief review of the field of pulmonary fibrosis and presents a method for analyzing surfactant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the dog.