This study was conducted to test the hypotheses that a forest managed by selective cutting can store more carbon than a forest managed by clearcutting. The study was carried out as a meta-analysis. The data that was found was analyzed by performing t-tests on the proportional effect that the two silvicultural methods had on the driving factors of CO2-efflux and carbon stores in coniferous boreal forest. In all areas tested, an effect in favor of selective cutting was found, but not all of them significant however. The soil Respiration following selective cutting was significantly lower than that of clearcutting, and the primary production of a clearcut area cannot according to reason exceed that of an area post-selective cutting.

Syftet med studien är att utröna hur viktig fotosyntesen är när elever beskriver ett ekosystem. I dagens undervisning läggs det mycket tid på att eleverna ska lära sig fotosyntesbegreppet. Tidigare studier har visat att elever har svårt att förstå fotosyntesen, och vi vill med vår studie undersöka om det finns en koppling mellan förståelse av fotosyntesen och användningen av fotosyntesen i beskrivningen av ett ekosystem. Intervjuer med gymnasieelever genomfördes vid två tillfällen. Vid det första tillfället fick eleverna svara på frågor om fotosyntesen och Respirationen, och vid det andra tillfället beskrev de ekologin i ett akvarie.

Speech disorders are common in children with 22q11-deletion syndrome, but there is limited knowledge about speech in adults with this syndrome. The aim of this study is to describe speech and voice in adultswith 22q11-deletion syndrome, and compare the results with a control group.Ten adults between 19-49 years participated in each group. The study wasbased on the Swedish dysarthria assessment, Dysartribedömningen. Thetested abilities were Respiration, phonation, oral motor function, velopharyngeal function, articulation, prosody and intelligibility. Communicative participation was examined as well.

Outdoor housing of horses? best fulfils the horses? need for physical activity and it is an alternative to the more cost and energy demanding indoor housing in stables. Furthermore, if outdoor housed horses have access to shelter they can generally cope well with adverse weather conditions such as high or low ambient temperature, heavy rain or strong winds. In this study, the daytime shelter-seeking behaviour of three groups of horses housed outdoors was studied during the summer. The aim was to evaluate whether shelter use is related to weather variables (e.g., ambient temperature and wind speed) and insect harassment. The shelter-seeking behaviour was studied for three different groups of horses: Group 1) eight individually housed horses in paddocks that had access to three different shelter types (C: closed on three sides with roof, R: open on three sides with roof, W: closed on three sides without roof), Group 2) 25 group housed mares with foals on pasture with access to shelters C, and Group 3) ten mares without foals on pasture without access to shelter. Each group was studied for eight days.

Träningsinducerad lungblödning, Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), är ett stort problem hos travare och galoppörer i hela världen. Det får anses klarlagt att mekanismen bakom EIPH är så kallad stress-failure, utmattningsskador, i blod-gasbarriären vilket beror på att hästarna har en Respiration och cirkulation som ger extrema påfrestningar på denna sköra struktur. En bidragande faktor till stress-failure tycks kunna vara att hypertension i lungvenerna leder till att dessa remodelleras och förtjockas, vilket i sin tur leder till ännu högre tryck i lungkapillärerna. Den här litteraturstudien handlar om hur inflammation i lungorna kan ge upphov till EIPH. Inflammation finns med i problematiken runt EIPH både som en bakomliggande faktor och som ett resultat av blödningen.

The horse is a homeothermic animal and to keep a constant body temperature in winter season is important. Acclimatisation is to provide means for a good thermal insulation consisting of skin, hair, and an outer air layer. The skin covers the horses body and it is composed of three main layers where the top layer of the epidermis consists of dead keratinized cells that are constantly being sheed. The dermis is composed of collagen connective tissue that give the skin its strength. The bottom layer with subcutaneous fat provides a thermal insulation and can be used as an energy reserve in cold weather.

Fetma och övervikt är ett hälsoproblem som drabbar mer än var tionde person och antalet individer med BMI >30 ökar ständigt. Som en följd av detta kommer allt fler patienter som genomgår anestesi att ha ett högt BMI. Förändringar i Respiration, luftvägsanatomi och ett flertal andra fysiologiska förändringar i kroppen gör generell anestesi för patienter med fetma till en anestesiologisk utmaning. Syftet var att beskriva vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder anestesisjuksköterskan kan använda för att bibehålla god ventilation hos feta patienter vid generell anestesi. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 12 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades.

In the beginning of the 19th century, Swedish was the only official language of Finland, and thus the dominating language in administration and higher education. However, during the latter part of the century, efforts were made to develop Finnish into a language which could be used in every part of society. In 1881, the medical society Suomalainen Lääkäriseura Duodecim was founded with the development of a medical terminology in Finnish as one of its main purposes. In 1885, a medical paper, Duodecim, and a medical dictionary were published. The aim of this study is to illuminate the vocabulary of the dictionary.

It's an everyday experience shared by many that nature can be of help in relieving pain, reducing stress, support mental recovery etc. In the last three decades or so this experience has also found support in a large number of scientific investigations. Among other things the experience of nature has been shown to reduce stress and pain in patients and to boost concentration and reduce impulsive behavior in children. Most of this research however has mainly been concerned with the visual modality. In this thesis the aim has been to focus on the auditory modality in this context by trying to reveal some effects on people from the exposure of nature sounds played indoors in three different environments: a grammar school class room, a kindergarten play room and a post-surgery wake up room at an intensive care unit.

The thick shelled river mussel (Unio crassus) has a fragmented distribution in southern Sweden. It is a threatened and protected species. In both the Swedish red list and the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Unio crassus is classified as Endangered (EN). Causes for this classification are for instance differentiated bottom substrate and deterioration in water quality. In this study, habitat preferences of Unio crassus were investigated to assist in future restoration work.

Indikationen till att vårdas på en intensivvårdsavdelning (IVA) är i praktiken att patienten bör övervakas på grund akut svikt i vitala organ, som t.ex. i cirkulation eller Respiration mm. Att vara intuberad innebär att stämbanden är bortkopplade vilket i sin tur leder till svårigheter för patienten att kommunicera.Syftet med studien är att undersöka patientens upplevelse av att vårdas i ventilator på en intensivvårdsavdelning. Kvalitativ litteraturstudie på upp till 10 år gamla artiklar har analyserats enligt Graneheim och Lundmans metod. I resultatet har funnits att minnen från vårdtiden har emotionella inslag relaterat till endotrachealtuben, men också till en tidsperiod präglat av minnesluckor som blir till en upplevelse av brist på kontroll.

The aim of this review is to evaluate the best way to transport the horse. When it comes to transporting horses there are a number of different types of trailers and trucks that you can choose from today. The most common type of trailer is designed for two horses and the horses are transported facing the direction of travel. Studies has been performed to determine if that is the most advantageous direction for the horse to travel in, in terms of balance and levels of stress. Stress is a widely discussed subject and the definition is not fully developed.

Människan tvingas idag ta ställning inför viktiga miljöfrågor mycket p.g.a. vår användning av fossila bränsle. Detta ställer krav på kunskapsmässiga verktyg för att tackla problematiken. Det är därför intressant att studera elevers förståelse kring ekologiska processer. Arbetet syftar till att undersöka 18-åringars förståelse om villkor för växande och nedbrytning i naturen samt hur elever använder sig av ett integrerat kretsloppstänkande där ekologiska processer beaktas och relateras till varandra.

ABSTRACTBackground: Obesity and overweight are health issues that more than every tenth person around the world suffers from and the number of individuals with BMI >30 is every growing. As a result, more patients that are subjects to anesthesia will have an increased BMI. Changes in Respiration, airway anatomy, altered drug metabolism and multiple physiological changes in the body makes general anesthesia, of the patient with obesity, an anesthesiological challenge.Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the specific anesthesiological nursing care of the patient with a BMI >30, undergoing general anesthesia.Method: A research plan is created and to test its credibility, a pilotstudy of 15 surveys in two surgical departments will be conducted. This study has a qualitative inductive design and the data collected through semistructured questionnaires. The result was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Result: The result showed a clear focus on three main areas; airway management, pharmaceuticals and positioning of the patient.

Syrefattiga förhållanden från översvämningar uppstår tillfälligt i hårdgjorda stadsmiljöer och hotar trädens tillväxt och överlevnad. Under perioder av syrefattiga förhållanden uppstår skador på trädets rotsystem och viktiga biologiska processer som fotosyntes och Respiration hämmas. Träd som växer naturligt i flodslätter lever under liknande förhållanden med periodiska översvämningar och stundtals syrefattiga miljöer. Genom att utveckla morfologiska och fysiologiska strategier kan översvämningstoleranta trädarter i flodslätter överleva de syrefattiga förhållandena. Betydande strategier inkluderar aerenchyma vävnader, adventiva rötter, förstorade lenticeller eller klyvöppningar och biokemiska mekanismer.