In this study, Pollen contamination (measured by the number of seeds pollinated by Pollen not belonging to any of the clones on the seed orchard) is compared between open pollination and isolated pollination environments in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seed orchard called Västerhus, located outside Önsköldsvik. In this seed orchard a tent experiment is taking place. Skogforsk has built six large tents covering 12-14 trees with each tent. Fertilization patterns were compared between one tree in a tent with a supplementation of Pollen from five clones not represented in the tent and another tree of the same clone subject to open pollination outside the tents. By using DNA markers the paternity was determined for 48 seeds from each tree.

In this study, Pollen contamination (measured by the number of seeds pollinated by Pollen not belonging to any of the clones on the seed orchard) is compared between open pollination and isolated pollination environments in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seed orchard called Västerhus, located outside Önsköldsvik. In this seed orchard a tent experiment is taking place. Skogforsk has built six large tents covering 12-14 trees with each tent. Fertilization patterns were compared between one tree in a tent with a supplementation of Pollen from five clones not represented in the tent and another tree of the same clone subject to open pollination outside the tents. By using DNA markers the paternity was determined for 48 seeds from each tree.

Oilseed rape crops are an important in southern Sweden because of the high intensity of wheat growing. Pollen beetles are the most important pest in oilseed rape and causes often economic losses. Therefore it?s of great importance that we can control the population density, e g by using insecticides if necessary, to avoid mayor yield losses. In year 2000 Pollen beetles were numerous in the province of Östergötland. The farmers sprayed with insecticides several times, but with low effects on the beetles. Field trials and laboratory experiments showed that Pollen beetles had developed resistance against pyrethroids.

Human presence has always influenced the surrounding areas, the forest as well. Structure and species composition have changed during human land use. Knowledge regarding these changes should be of great interest for conservation and forestry. We have analyzed human impact on the tree species composition on five study sites during 2000 years in Ångermanland, Sweden. More specifically the change in tree species composition in percentage amongst alder, birch, spruce and pine over time.

Pollen analysis of a peat core was used to reconstruct the last 2500 years of vegetation history, with focus on the impact of anthropogenic disturbance, in Hamra National Park, central Sweden. In addition, analysis of Pollen in soil samples was performed in an attempt to locate ancient cultivation plots in the National Park. The analysis of the peat core shows a development of the vegetation that can be divided into four stages of different degrees of human impact: A - virgin forest (c. 500 B.C.-A.D. 1300), B - grazed forest (c. A.D.

The escalating usage of pyrethroids has resulted in an increased awareness about resistance towards pyrethroids in insects. Pyrethroids inhibit voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC) in nerve cell membranes and are composed of synthetic molecules based on pyrethrins present in pyrethrum extracts from Chrysanthemum species. VSSC are transmembrane proteins that are important for electric signalling over the membrane in insects. Mutations in the gene encoding the sodium channel have proved to be a common reason for resistance against pyrethroids. Pyrethroid resistance among Pollen beetles is spread all over Sweden and also abroad and is increasing.

Allergi är en av de vanligaste kroniska sjukdomarna hos barn i förskoleåldern och Pollenallergi är den mest förekommande allergin. Syftet med examensarbetet var att se om den gröna miljön på två utvalda allergiförskolor i Stockholm var anpassad för brukargruppens behov. Beskriva förekomsten av växter på förskolegården som kan ge besvär för barn med allergi eller annan överkänslighet för Pollen samt därtill ge förslag på åtgärder i den gröna miljön för att minska risken för växtrelaterade besvär.Slutsatser dragna utifrån empiri och teori visade att förskolegårdarnas gröna miljö inte var fullt anpassad för barn med allergi eller överkänslighet för Pollen när det gäller växtlighet, Pollenförekomst, utformning och skötsel. Utifrån resultatet kan flera möjliga orsaker till varför förskolegårdarna inte var helt anpassade för brukargruppen skönjas. Det visade på svårigheten att bedriva en verksamhet som i det här fallet en förskola för en speciell målgrupp utan att ha ansvar för planering och skötsel av förskolegårdens miljö.Då det framkom brister i den gröna miljön på förskolegårdarna föreslogs åtgärder för att minska riskerna för besvär orsakade av växtlighet.

The manor Fållnäs gård is situated at the northern end of the bay Fållnäsviken, c. 12 km north-west of Nynäshamn, Sweden. A 300 cm long sediment core collected in the bay has been analyzed regarding Pollen stratigraphy. AMS 14C dating of terrestrial macrofossils indicates that the sequence covers the last c. 5400 years.The aim has been to study vegetational changes, especially human impact, in the surroundings of Fållnäs gård.

Sammanfattning Barn drabbas i allt större utsträckning av allergi i någon form. Det är viktigt att forska kring dess medicinska verkningar på barnen och påverkan av allergin i det dagliga livet. Det forskas mycket idag kring barn och allergi. Läkarna ser en uppgång under senaste decennierna och ingen bättring i sikte. Det kan bero på dagens livsstil och miljötänkande.

By using Pollen analysis, 14C-dating and historical sources, I studied the history of vegetation and land use at an abandoned forest settlement near the Lade summer farms in the parish of Mora, Dalama. The aim of this paper is to investigate the agricultural establishment and development, the effects of this on forest vegetation, and the origin and development of summer farming. The analysis of Pollen in a peat core revealed that a settlement was established at Lade around 1000 AD. Cereal cultivation, hay-making on the mire and extensive forest grazing were intro-duced as a complete agricultural system. Pollen analysis and the presence of ancient fields suggests that cultivation took place on permanent fields. Barley was the main crop, but rye and hops/hemp were also grown at the settlement.

Trots att Pollenhalterna är högre på landsbygden har allergikerna ändå ökat mest i stadsmiljöer. 85 % av Sveriges befolkning bor i tätorter och allergierna kan kosta samhällen miljarder i form av sjukskrivningar och läkarkostnader. I och med att Pollen kan spridas så långa vägar med hjälp av vinden medför det att man vid landskapsprojekteringar inte lägger så stor vikt kring Pollen och gör inget heller för att förhindra besvären som uppstår. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om man vid projektering kan göra något för att underlätta för Pollenallergiker i de urbana miljöerna. Målet är att ta reda på om man kan påverka Pollenhalten på en viss plats genom förebyggande åtgärder. Resultatet har baserats på en litteraturstudie samt två intervjuer. Pollenkornen som sprids i stora mängder med vinden kan göra det mer eller mindre omöjligt att skydda sig.

By using Pollen analysis and 14C-dating, the history of vegetation and land use at the old shieling place (Sw: fäbodställe) Öjingsvallen in Ängersjö parish, central Sweden, was studied. The aim of the study was to answer the following questions: 1) When was Öjingsvallen established as a shieling place? 2) What was the land use at Öjingsvallen? 3) Was the use of Öjingsvallen as a shieling place affected by the agricultural crisis in the 14th and 15th centuries? 4) Is there any relation between the establishment and land use of Öjingsvallen as a shieling place and the historically known increase in the number of shieling sites known to have taken place in the 16th and 17th centuries? 5) Was the use of Öjingsvallen as a shieling place affected by the iron production in the area? According to the study, Öjingsvallen was probably established as a shieling place during the period A.D. 300-700. The main land use at this time was forest grazing.

Gerbera jamesonii is a plant with a large amount of Pollen and various flower colours and a favourite host plant for Frankliniella occidentalis. The best growing temperature for gerbera is approximately 20°C. Frankliniella occidentalis or the Western Flower Thrips is a small insect that has become an important pest in greenhouse cultivation all over the world. The high temperatures in the greenhouse are favourable for F. occidentalis.

Bergsbruket har under lång tid haft stor betydelse för Sverige både ekonomiskt och politiskt. Det har också haft en inverkan på naturmiljön bland annat genom huggningar för bränsle och utsläpp av tungmetaller. Ett av de områden i Sverige som är mest känt för sin metallhantering är Bergslagen. Idag är många gruvor nedlagda. En som fortfarande är i drift är gruvan i Garpenberg i Dalarna.

The landscape in the interior of Norrland has undergone dramatic changes since the deglaciation as a consequence of faultings, earthquakes and tilting of the landscape westwards. Archaeological investigations along former shorelines by the use of models of isostatic land uplift, have revealed many Mesolitic settlements in northern Sweden. Döudden, in the county of Arjeplog, has been investigated by archaeologists that identified settlements from 5200 BC. The objective of this study was to analyse the history of the vegetation and if the vegetation showed traces of human activity during early Holocene, by Pollen analysis. The results indicate that the area had an established vegetation c.