Evaporation is a part of the chemical recovery department at wood pulping mills. The purpose of Evaporation is to remove water from the black liquor, which makes the liquor combustible. The process is very energy demanding, and having a well-functioning model of the system is of greatest interest. The model can then be used to study energy consumption and to test different control strategies. Two models have been developed during the master thesis.

Due to human influences on the climate an increase in Earth's mean temperature is today an accepted conception. With a rising temperature discussions have started how the climate in an area will change in the future. Equally interesting and important is it also to study the precipitation in an area. Precipitation is the factor, next to temperature, that affects most how a climate in an area looks like and feels. Since precipitation is connected to Evaporation the latter parameter is also of interest to study.

This thesis work has been performed at the department of diagnosis and dependability at Volvo Car Company, Torslanda. The background of this project is based on interest in ascertaining how different factors possibly can affect a diagnosis method, which has been developed to find leaks in the fuel tank and Evaporation system. According to the OBD II requirements leaks with an orifice diameter larger or equal to 0,5 mm, must be detected. The idea of the diagnosis method is to create an over pressure in the system with an air-pump. The current through the pump is measured and correlates to the power consumed by the pump.

The purpose of this master thesis was to study the water system for mechanically cleaned water at Skärblacka mill, in order to find and evaluate possibilities of using energy more efficiently. The thesis also includes an evaluation of the software tool ?Pumpanalys?Skärblacka mill produces pulp and paper. The large amount of water required is cleaned mechanically through filters and called mechanically cleaned water (MR0). The MR0 water is pumped out to the factory by four crude water pumps.

Husqvarna AB uppmärksammade att det kommer införas nya miljöregler i Kalifornien gällande diffusionsutsläpp. De åkgräsklippare som går under namnet Rider och tillverkas av Husqvarna idag uppfyller ej dessa krav. Dagens bränsletank är tillverkad i plastmaterialet HDPE och avdunstande bränsleångor klättrar lätt igenom tankväggen ut i atmosfären vilket ej är tillåtet enligt de nya reglerna. Vi blev tillfrågade om vi kunde lösa problematiken och ta fram ett system som kontrollerar de avdunstade bränsleångorna och se till att detta system uppfyller de krav som ställs i Kalifornien. Som blivande ingenjörer tyckte vi att detta var ett passande examensarbete med många olika områden involverade som materialkunskap, tillverkningsprocesser, produktutveckling samt inblick i ett större företags arbete. Vi har med detta examensarbete tagit fram ett system som minskar det miljövådliga diffusionsutsläppet med cirka 90 %.

Regulation of rivers by dams and reservoirs is a good example where anthropogenic impact could be considerable both in the local environment, but also has major implications upstream and downstream. This study was accomplished as a literature study of the river Nile, which is extremely important for water supply. The purpose of this study was to investigate the consequences of the construction of the Aswan High Dam, to obtain a consistent flow for water supply, irrigation and power generation in Egypt. Since Egypt has a very hot and dry climate large amounts of water in reservoir is lost to the Nubian aquifer system and by Evaporation. The consequences from constructing the dam are considerable.

In Sweden, grass is the single largest crop grown. Nearly 1 000 000 Ha grows on the fields, this is primarily used as feed for livestock. To get a good seed, you need to handle the crop carefully from planting to delivery. The part that I have been interested in, is how to dry the harvested seed with out destroying the growth in the small seed. This is very easily done if you aren?t careful during the drying period.

The Swedish pulp and paper industry meets higher demand for energy efficiencyi mprovements with increasing energy prices and changes in the Swedish renewable energy certificate system. One action of energy efficiency improvement is by using secondary heat, that otherwise would have been treated as waste heat, for use in a system with lower temperature demands. The aim of this Master´s thesis is to identify possible secondary heat sources in a typical Swedish pulp and paper mill and to investigate what economic benefits the secondary heat will provide when being used for pre heating of wood chips to a kraft digester.The Master´s thesis focuses on three secondary heat sources; dry warm air, warm water and moisture saturated warm air located inside the pulp or paper mill. Two types of kraft digesters are simulated within this study, a typical Scandinavian digester and a modern twin vessel steam phase digester.Due to quality aspects and low temperature level drying is the drying technology with dry warm air rejected. Using warm water in direct contact with wood chips increases the quantity of water to the Evaporation plant and thus reduced pulp or paper production and is therefore also rejected.

This master thesis project at KTH is performed in the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeringdepartment at University of Florida (UF). The thesis is a small part of a gas turbine researchproject where a vapour absorption refrigeration system (VARS) and a high pressure regenerativeturbine engine (HPRTE) are integrated together. The main objective is to build a computermodel of the VARS. The computer model is supposed to be used to analyse the off-designperformance of the VARS and should also be easy to integrate as a subroutine in a more complexsystem model. To model the VARS some knowledge of the absorbent/refrigerant mixture had tobe well known, in this case a mixture of ammonia and water.

Cultural heritages are environments created by humans that are considered to have a conservation value for the posterity. They can be seen as one of society's non renewable resources. It is important to have knowledge of how cultural heritages are affected by future climate changes.The water flow in Uppsala is estimated to increase during winter and decrease during spring and summer. Precipitation will gradually increase as well as the intense short period precipitation. The average temperature is estimated to increase as well.

This Master?s Thesis aims to investigate and assess the methods used to decrease the discharge ofmetals, primarily copper, from the water purification plant at Assa Industries plating factory inEskilstuna.Literature studies of the purification methods precipitation, ion exchange, Evaporation, reverseosmosis and electrolysis has been done to appraise the adequacy of the technique. Thesetechniques are commonly used for purification of industrial waste water.Assa has four plating lines: the Trumline, the big Zinkline, the new Zinkline and the Decorativeline. The new Zinkline is the most modern of the four lines and purification is done byrecirculation over an ion exchange unit. The demand for fresh water is thereby heavily reduced.The Trumline, the big Zinkline and the Decorative line all use older techniques.

Träd har alltid använts inom jordbruket och de senaste åren har de spelat en viktig roll i miljö- och klimatforskningen. Att integrera träd i jordbruket kan ha en mängd fördelar, såsom förbättrad jordstruktur och ökad avkastning. Östafrika är en av regionerna där man använder och forskar inom agroforestry. Delar av regionen har problem med svår torka, varför vattentillgången är en begränsande faktor inom jordbruket. Risken finns att trädens konkurrens med grödorna inte väger upp de fördelar som ett agroforestrysystem kan medföra.

Efter en tid av uteblivit nederbörd kommer såväl underjordiska som ovan jordiska vatten magasin att utgöra begränsningen för växtodlingen på platsen. Mängden vatten av det tillgängligaga vatten som förångas från vattenmagasinen beror främst på atmosfärens krav på vatten s.k. Evaporationstryck. När vattnet förångas skapas ett underskott i jorden. När detta underskott närmar sig vissningsgränsen är vattenbristen ett faktum.

For Skattkärr IF a turf field with warming has been projected to increase field?s utilization hours and to have a longer period for athletes to perform their activities outdoors. The technique chosen to heat the plan is a type of a geothermal heating system without a heat pump. The brine, which is water with 30% ethanol, collects heat from the borehole and discharges it to a coil in the field. There is at position 11 boreholes but it is planned to increase the number to 31, which is the design for the facility.

I spåren av de globala klimatförändringarna förväntas värmeböljor öka i både frekvens och intensitet, inte bara på sydliga breddgrader utan även på de norra vilket kommer att leda till en ökad incidens av sjukliga tillstånd relaterade till överhettning. Omedelbar och snabb nedkylning av överhettade personer är av största vikt för att minimera morbiditet och mortalitet. Inom svensk sjukvård finns inga riktlinjer för det initiala omhändertagandet av personer drabbade av överhettning. Syftet med studien var att erhålla fördjupad inblick i människans termoreglering med fokus på: hudens cirkulatoriska respons vid nedkylning, effekter av olika metoder för kylning och identifiera när det föreligger ökad risk för överhettning. Metoder som användes var litteraturstudie, värmebalansberäkning och enkät.