The purpose of this thesis work is to evaluate how the physical behaviour of a pipe bend is affected by the pipe bending procedure. Effects such as initial ovalization, thinning, thickening and plastic hardening from the bending procedure are examined and the mechanical properties of pipe bends containing these effects are investigated.This has been evaluated by creating a detailed Finite Element model of a pipe that is being bent. Then the differences compared to a bent tube in a virgin state, so called Elbow elements and an analytical in-house program have been evaluated. The virgin state refers to a model of a pipe that is bent from the beginning, thus having a homogeneous thickness and not containing any plastic hardening. The Elbow element is a calculationally cheap element, specially developed for accurate calculations of pipe bends in an initially virgin state.The goal with the thesis work is to get a better picture of what happens to a pipe as it is being bent, how this affects the mechanical properties and to evaluate the possibility to develop an easy method for taking these effects into account when using the Elbow element.This report describes the layout of the work and how the detailed FE-model has been constructed.

The purpose of this thesis work is to evaluate how the physical behaviour of a pipe bend is affected by the pipe bending procedure. Effects such as initial ovalization, thinning, thickening and plastic hardening from the bending procedure are examined and the mechanical properties of pipe bends containing these effects are investigated.This has been evaluated by creating a detailed Finite Element model of a pipe that is being bent. Then the differences compared to a bent tube in a virgin state, so called Elbow elements and an analytical in-house program have been evaluated. The virgin state refers to a model of a pipe that is bent from the beginning, thus having a homogeneous thickness and not containing any plastic hardening. The Elbow element is a calculationally cheap element, specially developed for accurate calculations of pipe bends in an initially virgin state.The goal with the thesis work is to get a better picture of what happens to a pipe as it is being bent, how this affects the mechanical properties and to evaluate the possibility to develop an easy method for taking these effects into account when using the Elbow element.This report describes the layout of the work and how the detailed FE-model has been constructed.

Syfte: Syftet med denna systematiska litteratur?versikt ?r att unders?ka om supplementering av vassleprotein har n?gon p?verkan p? bent?thet (BMD) hos vuxna ?35 ?r. Metod: Litteraturs?kningen gjordes i tv? databaser, Pubmed och Scopus. S?kord f?r blocken var vassleprotein, BMD och randomiserade kontrollerade studier (RCT). Deltagarna i de inkluderade studierna var m?n och kvinnor ?35 ?r d?r interventionsgruppen fick supplementering av vassleprotein medan kontrollgruppen fick supplementering med likv?rdigt energiinneh?ll som ej inneh?ll vassleprotein.

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the activity recorded with electromyography (EMG) fine-wire electrodes, in transversus abdominis (TrA) and rectus abdominis (RA) while performing various stabilization exercises, and to investigate how the level of activation was affected by specific instructionsMethodTen physically active women (27.1 ± 5.5year, 1.74 ± 0.05 m, 67.1 ± 8.6 kg) performed six different stabilization exercises (four lying supine with bent knees and hips and two in four point kneeling). They performed two sets of exercises, the first without and the second with specific instructions. The specific instruction was ?abdominal hollowing to activate? TrA. The fine-wire electrodes were inserted bilateral into TrA and RA with an injection needle with guidance from an ultrasound.

Examensarbetet är utfört på avdelningen för Fluida och mekatroniska system vid Linköpings universitet i uppdrag åt Sunfab Hydraulics AB.Höga ljudnivåer är en stor nackdel vid användning av hydrauliska system. Ofta är det hydraulmaskiner av deplacementtyp som står för en stor del av ljudemissionerna. Eftersom maskinerna arbetar med stora tryckskillnader uppstår flödespulsationer vid in- och utlopp som fortplantar sig vidare i systemet. Dessa medför påfrestningar på maskinen som kan leda till läckage eller haveri. Flödespulsationer kan delas upp i två delar; kinematiska och kompressionsberoende.

The aim of this master?s thesis is to examine how elderly people are depicted in a selection of literature for children up to 10 years. The subjects examined are: lifestyle, roles and attributes. The books were collected from the databases ELSA and a local library, Borås stadsbibliotek. The books are analysed after a tool made by the authors.

This study aims to investigate the domestic and work organization at the mansions located in the south of Västmanlands county years 1705-1849. The study takes into account the manors' size, ownership, owners' status and social changes. The study includes both large manors with noble owners and smaller manors with bourgeois owners.  The study examines how the households were formed, how they changed over time and how thet may have links to the Manor's ownership and size. The organization of labour is studied on the basis of how it changed over time and what it may have links to the owners ' status and the manors size. The focus is to answer how the connection was between household size, its composition, organization of labour and the owner?s status in the society.  Also if a difference can be seen between the strategies of the noble owners compared to the bourgeois owners..

The purpose with this qualitative text analysis was to study how the sex roles of children are presented in children's books published in 2004 in comparison with children's books published 1972-74. The focus was to find patterns and differences. The study embraces eight books intended for children aged 5-9.The main results of the study showed that the girls were described to have a greater bent to take care, while the boys in general were more aimed to perform and achieve. In both today's and the books from the 70´s, the boys were described as aggressive and independent and the girls were often looked upon as princesses by fathers and boys. Violent rowdy behaviour was the essential thing among boys in especially the books from the 70´s.

This study is aimed at finding out how nursery and pre-school teachers carry out their obligation to report suspected child abuse, and their views on the issue. The study was alsoa imed at highlighting any difficulties teachers might have when dealing with children who arem istreated. In addition, the study examines the impact on teachers and children when thet eachers decide to either report or not report abuse.The main issues addressed by this study are:  Are pre-school and nursery teachers aware of their duty to report suspected child abuse and what are their opinions regarding this duty?How do the teachers claim they behave if obliged to report and what difficulties dothey encounter?In order to find the answer to these questions, qualitative interviews were made with eight pre-school teachers. The empirical evidence has been put in relation to theories of action and communication as well as to previous research in the area that concerns children who are mistreated.

This study is aimed at finding out how nursery and pre-school teachers carry out their obligation to report suspected child abuse, and their views on the issue. The study was alsoa imed at highlighting any difficulties teachers might have when dealing with children who arem istreated. In addition, the study examines the impact on teachers and children when thet eachers decide to either report or not report abuse.The main issues addressed by this study are:  Are pre-school and nursery teachers aware of their duty to report suspected child abuse and what are their opinions regarding this duty?How do the teachers claim they behave if obliged to report and what difficulties dothey encounter?In order to find the answer to these questions, qualitative interviews were made with eight pre-school teachers. The empirical evidence has been put in relation to theories of action and communication as well as to previous research in the area that concerns children who are mistreated.

Bakgrund D?lig munh?lsa kan leda till b?de lokala infektioner och allvarliga sjukdomar s?som stroke och annan hj?rt-k?rlsjukdom. Tandborstning prioriteras ofta bort i v?rdmilj?er och det ?r sjuksk?terskans ansvar att v?rna om f?rebyggande ?tg?rder. Teorin om Missed Nursing Care fokuserar p? orsaken till uteblivna omv?rdnads?tg?rder.

Bostadsmarknaden a?r en av de sto?rsta tillga?ngsmarknaderna i ett land varpa? fo?ra?ndringar i bostadspriserna fa?r la?ngt ga?ngna konsekvenser fo?r det enskilda husha?llet, det finansiella systemet och samha?llsekonomin i stort. Flertalet tidigare studier har analyserat den svenska bostadsmarknaden utifra?n ett storstadsperspektiv alternativt ja?mfo?rt Sveriges bostadsmarknad mot andra la?nder. Vi har identifierat att studiet kring vad som besta?mmer prisniva?n pa? regionala bostadsmarknader i Sverige a?r ta?mligen oexploaterat varfo?r avsikten med den ha?r studien a?r att analysera besta?mningsfaktorer till de svenska bostadspriserna pa? la?nsniva?.

This study is aimed at finding out how nursery and pre-school teachers carry out their obligation to report suspected child abuse, and their views on the issue. The study was alsoa imed at highlighting any difficulties teachers might have when dealing with children who arem istreated. In addition, the study examines the impact on teachers and children when thet eachers decide to either report or not report abuse.The main issues addressed by this study are:  Are pre-school and nursery teachers aware of their duty to report suspected child abuse and what are their opinions regarding this duty?How do the teachers claim they behave if obliged to report and what difficulties dothey encounter?In order to find the answer to these questions, qualitative interviews were made with eight pre-school teachers. The empirical evidence has been put in relation to theories of action and communication as well as to previous research in the area that concerns children who are mistreated.

The Swedish Board of Agriculture initiated this undergraduate thesis. There is a database on their homepage that includes chemical treatments for different weed species. There is also space for preventive and mechanical control methods. This is an undergraduate thesis that reviews these control methods for the most important weeds in Sweden. The species reviewed are: Creeping perennials: Common Couch Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski Creeping Thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Perennial Sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis L. Field Horsetail Equisetum arvense L. Colt's-foot Tussilago farfara L. Stationary perennials: Dock Rumex L. Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris L. Dandelion Taraxacum F.

Uppsatsen handlar om hur styrdokumenten i form av centralt inneha?ll, kunskapskrav och bedo?mningsmatrisen fo?r det nationella provet ser ut i kurserna Svenska 3 (Sve03) respektive Svenska som andraspra?k 3 (Sva03). Syftet a?r att se eventuella likheter och skillnader samt hur va?l respektive kurs styrdokument o?verenssta?mmer med bedo?mningsmatrisen fo?r det nationella provet. Fokus ligger pa? att ja?mfo?ra kursernas styrdokument utifra?n begreppet likva?rdighet i bedo?mning som a?r ett tungt va?gande argument fo?r de nationella proven enligt Skolverket.