To United Minds, large-scale surveys are an important offering to clients, not least the public opinion poll Va?ljarbarometern. A risk associated with surveys is satisficing ? sub-optimal response behaviour impairing the possibility of correctly describing the sampled population through its results. The purpose of this study is to ? through the use of multivariate outlier detection methods - identify those observations assumed to be non-representative of the population.

?The myth of Palme- a textual analysis of the documentary Palme and its description of the social memory of Olof Palme as a norm or Anomaly? by Emma Svanström aims to analyze how the directors of the documentary Palme choose to present Olof Palme to the future generations. Also the goal is to find out if their version presents Palme as a person who followed the norms or was divergent.To this purpose the thesis use textual analysis combined with a quantitative method in search of which persons the directors give the right to form the myth of Palme and which keywords they use to do describe him. To view the film as a social memory in the transformation to a myth the thesis use Jan Assmans theory of social memory and to find out if the documentary describes Palme as following the norms or divergent it uses Mary Douglas theory of Anomaly.The results show that it is mainly the narrator and Olof Palme that gets to form the myth of him but also his family, friends, fellow employees and other persons that met him or was affected by his actions. Palme is discribed as special, intelligent, interested in social politics and able to act as he saw fit even if it was against the norms.

The purpose of this paper is to compare two different portfolio strategies consisting of insider transactions and stock recommendations and examine whether they posses any information advantage.  The portfolios are balanced once every three-, six- and twelve- months in the period of 2007-2009. Our results show a pattern for these investment strategies. The portfolio consisting of insider transactions generates a positive return in equity in a negative market environment and the opposite reaction in a positive environment. The result for the portfolio consisting of stock recommendations show a positive return of equity in positive environment and the opposite effect in negative environment. The pattern that has been observed can be classified as an Anomaly.

This paper investigates whether the traditional accrual based trading strategy first documented by Sloan (1996) can be refined using fundamental analysis. Specifically, this is done by implementing the composite signal F_SCORE introduced by Piotroski (2000) to identify financially strong or weak firms. We find that by applying both investment models simultaneously, in a model we call P_KOMB, the mean market-adjusted return earned by an investor exploiting the accrual Anomaly can be increased by 14.8% annually. This is achieved by taking a long position in strong firms (as defined by the composite signal) in the lowest accrual portfolio, while an offsetting short position is taken in weak firms in the highest accrual portfolio, repeated annually between 1997 and 2007. Consistent with prior studies, positive market-adjusted returns can be attained through assessment of accruals as well as key value drivers found in historical financial data.

The Aquatic Ape theory was first formulated by Alister Hardy in year 1960. All from the beginning the theory has been criticized, ridiculed, ignored and a source to strong feelings in the anthropological community. The purpose of this essay is to investigate why the Aquatic Ape theory is so controversial and why it is understood so differently by scientists. After interviews with Swedish scientists and the general community, and after reading of anthropological books, I have tried to show that the aquatic ape-coldness depends on it challenging nature against the anthropological paradigm, which describes human beings as strong, hunting creatures who can live in any environment. The Aquatic Ape theory - on the other hand - picks out one of all these environments and says: "here has our evolution occurred: we have been aquatic apes".

Sammanfattning Uppsatsens titel: The accruals Anomaly in SwedenSeminariedatum: 2007-06-04Kurs: Corporate Finance - Master Thesis BUS860, D-nivå, 10 poängFörfattare: Hedda Giaever, Tobias GabrielssonHandledare: Maria GårdängenFem nyckelord: Accruals, Anomalier, Hedge, Överavkastning, IrrationalitetSyfte: Undersöka om investerare på den svenska marknaden tar hänsyn till att accrualskomponenten av företags vinster säger mindre om framtidig vinst jämfört med kassaflödeskomponenten.Metod: Vi använder pool data för att undersöka de prediktiva värdena hos företagsresultatets olika komponenter. Ett Mishkintest på paneldata används för att undersöka om investerare tar hänsyn till de olika prediktiva värdena hos kassaflöde och ?accruals?. Vi använder slutligen hedge portföljer för att kvantifiera våra resultat. Teoretiska perspektiv: Effektiva marknads hypotesen, Hypotesen om rationella förväntningar.Empiri: Poster från balansräkning samt avkastningsdata är hämtad från Thomson Datastream.Resultat: Accrualskomponenten av ett företags vinster säger mindre om framtida vinster jämfört med kassaflödet från den löpande verksamheten.

AbstractMaster thesis in Business Administration, School of Business and Economics at Linneaus UniversityAuthors: Patrik Larsson and Pontus GislénSupervisor: Håkan LockingExaminer: Sven-Olof CollinTitle: The index effect- a study on Nasdaq OMXS30 and OMXH25Introduction: A significant part of the financial literature is based on the Efficient Market Hypothesis which assumes that prices in the market reflects all available information. Anomalies, such as the index effect, indicate weaknesses in this theory as it has been proved that it is possible to outperform the market using public information. Hence, the index effect can be linked to market efficiency which makes it interesting to study from a theoretical perspective. The mapping of the index effect is also interesting from a practical perspective, as it leads to a better understanding of whether investors and firms should take this Anomaly into account.Problem: Is there an index effect, how does it behave and what can explain this effect?Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the index effect.

An array of different retinal disorders is present as a threat in quite a number of dog breeds. These often lead to profound visual impairment or blindness. Many of the disorders are genetic, and they are, in Sweden as well as in other countries, subject to breeding programmes. The anatomy of the eye and the retina, as well as current examination techniques (ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography (ERG) and genetic analysis) are described. The more common retinal disorders encountered in dogs in Sweden are discussed: retinal dysplasia, generalized progressive retinal dystrophy, retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy, collie eye Anomaly, sudden acquired retinal degeneration, retinal detachment and choroiditis. The possibly affected breeds are listed. The value of diagnostic findings is discussed and current advances on the subject in ophthalmologic research are accounted for..

The purpose of my study is to question the model service marketing triangle and propose an alternative ways of looking at service marketing. The study is based on a deep, qualitative research. In the research of the material an abductive approach has been used. The primary information sources are interviews with project workers, which are being analyzed together with the theoretical background in part argumentations in the course of the thesis. In the last chapter they are unified.

Bakgrund: Effektiva marknadshypotesen innebär att det inte går att utnyttja systematiska avvikelser på marknaden. Trots det finns det etablerade investeringsstrategier som investerare använder sig av för att generera överavkastning.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka huruvida det går att generar överavkastning genom att investera i företag som uppvisar en låg eller hög EV/EBITDA-multipel. Variablerna bransch och risk kommer även att undersökas med utgångspunkt från den eventuella förekomsten av en investeringsstrategi som genererar överavkastning.Genomförande: Teori inom området har byggt upp en grundförståelse för problemet, empiri har sedan hämtats från de olika företagen för att få fram EV/EBITDA-multiplar till de ingående portföljerna i studien. Aktiekurser har även inhämtats för att bygga grunden till empirin. Resultatet har sedan jämförts med OMXSPI samt med den riskjusterade avkastningen.Resultat: Av resultatet framkommer att det går att utnyttja en investeringsstrategi där investering görs i låga EV/EBITDA-multiplar.

In order to accomplish that a construction is correctly built, it is critical to obtain a well functioning control mechanism throughout the project. The way to enable this is not by having an independent inspector constantly at your side. Today it is praxis to use check lists and have people responsible of quality to make sure that these are followed. This is where discretionary inspections play their part. These among others are documents needed to com-plete the check list.

Forskningen kring effektiva marknader a?r uppdelad; ena sidan pa?sta?r att marknaden a?r fullsta?ndigt effektiv och det inte ga?r att skapa na?gon form av o?veravkastning. Andra sidan ha?vdar tva?rtemot att endast historisk information reflekteras i dagens priser. Pa? kort sikt kan det finns en viss ineffektivitet och de flesta erka?nner att marknaden inneha?ller anomalierSyftet med denna studie a?r att underso?ka om det existerar systematiska fel betra?ffande informationsflo?den som pekar mot att den svenska aktiemarknaden inte a?r av semi-stark form eller stark form av effektivitetVi utga?r fra?n tre metodologiska sta?llningstaganden; utga?ngspunkt, forskningsansats samt kunskapssyn.

The intention of this essay is to study the Swedish General Staff as a learning organisation during the period of 1914-1918 based on the theoretical work developed by the philosopher Bertil Rolf. Previous international research on the Prussian/German General Staff has shown that it is considered to be the first learning organisation in history. The Swedish General Staff was based on the German General Staff model and the focus of this study is to compare the development the tactics in Germany and Sweden regarding defence and attack in trench warfare. The questions are: How were the possibilities for gathering and analysing informa-tion affected by the war? Which conclusions were made for trench warfare in Swedish conditions? What experiences from the war and exercises in Swedish army were implemented in manuals and training?The conclusion of the study is that the Swedish General Staff was functioning as a learning organisation during the WWI through the ability to follow the international development, mainly in the Central Powers, and by modifying the experiences to the prevailing Swedish strategic and tactical conditions.

SammanfattningTitel: Imorgon blir det börsfall! En studie om hur olika börser påverkar varandra i fördröjning.Seminariedatum: 28 maj, 2012Ämne/kurs: FEK 61-90 Kandidatuppsats i Corporate Finance, 15 poäng Författare: Stefan Koch, Malin Molin Handledare: Hans MörnerExaminator: Kent SahlgrenNyckelord: Anomali, anomalier, veckodagseffekt, måndagseffekt, index, korrelation, S&P 500, OMXS 30, effektiva marknadshypotesenSyfte: Att undersöka ifall en eventuell anomali på det svenska OMXS 30 indexet eller det amerikanska S&P 500 ger en effekt på nästföljande dag på det motsatta indexet. Om en veckodagseffekt kan påvisas och den fördröjda korrelationen mellan indexen är tillräckligt stark kan metoden användas för att generera överavkastning.  Metod: Vi använder oss av en kvantitativ ansats för att med hjälp av statistiska metoder svara på vår problemformulering. De metoder vi har använt är hypotestestning av medelvärden med ett z test, beräknat korrelationskoefficienten mellan de två indexen och utfört en multipel regressionsanalys med dummyvariabler.Slutsats: Genom vår analys kom vi fram till att en veckodagseffekt inte kan påvisas på någon av de två undersökta indexen. En korrelation kunde finnas mellan de två indexen, däremot går det att ifrågasätta om korrelationens styrka är tillräckligt stark att handla utifrån. För att generera överavkastning krävs dessutom att den extra avkastning som genereras med hjälp utav vår metod med korta aktieaffärer överstiger den eventuella transaktionskostnaden som uppstår vid aktiehandel, något vi starkt betvivlar att den gör..

In order for a retention of title clause (ROT-clause) to be valid against third parties underSwedish law, the debtor must be prohibited to dispose of the object transferred. Forinstance, the debtor must not be allowed to resell the object without the creditor?spermission or before the object has been fully paid. If the creditor gives consent to thedebtor?s disposal, he loses his right of separation.