The aim of this study was to explore and gain understanding of the situation between managers in different forms of human service organizations. I chose to use a qualitative method and conducted semi-structured interviews with five professional middle managers in the public sector. To accomplish my purpose, I worked on the basis of several questions. The questions dealt with the role of middle management and what it involves, how it is perceived and what the middle managers think of the specific requirements for them and their leadership in organizations that provide services relating to people.  As a result of the analysis I have used the theory of social roles that describes the meaning of the different roles and role conflicts that arise in connection with various and conflicting expectations. The review of the results shows that middle managers in human service organizations experience to have to deal with a complex leadership role.

Rapporten behandlar framtagandet av en produktutvecklingsmetod för industriellt restmaterial. Studien har gjorts på uppdrag av Creatables som är ett projekt inom företaget KAAV AB.Creatables arbetar med att ta fram konsumentprodukter genom att ta tillvara och förädla restmaterial från industrin, därav deras slogan Made from Waste.Dagens konsumtionssamhälle förbrukar mycket av jordens resurser och det krävs en effektivisering i utnyttjandet av dessa för att säkra tillgångar för framtida generationer. Creatables är ett ungt projekt med små resurser och således har syftet med examensarbetet varit att ta fram en ny produktutvecklingsmetod för Creatables anpassad till deras arbetssätt och storlek.För att utreda uppgiften har arbetet delats in i två delar som sedan utvecklats parallellt med varandra. En produktutvecklingsmetod och ett flertal produkter av restmaterial har arbetets fram.Litteraturstudier, intervjuer och studiebesök har genomförts för att bygga en grund för resultatet att stå på. Tidigare publicerade teorier om produktutveckling har studerats och informationen och resultaten från dessa har i kombination med produktutvecklingsarbetet använts för att ta fram en produktutvecklingsmetod som passar Creatables.Resultatet är indelat i tre huvudområden.

With the climate change issues growing in importance on the social agenda, the field of urban masterplanning is of no exception when it comes to minimizing the carbon footprint in a variety of projects. The aim of this thesis has been to prepare the Carbon Critical Masterplanning tool, a software plugin for carbon dioxide emissions assessment developed by Atkins, to be used in Swedish conditions. The main targets were to improve the areas of the tool associated with energy conversion and renewable energy sources, and to test the tool in a real case. A planned construction of a new campus in Albano, Stockholm was chosen for the pilot study. A 3D model was built in the tool and the carbon footprint was calculated for a variety of combinations for energy supply to the future area.

Svensk Växtkraft is the owner of the biogas plant in Västerås. The company is planning to increase their treatment capacity at their biogas plant. In connection to this work it is also possible to make some energy saving changes to the biogas plant. The objective of this study was therefore to make an electricity and heat survey of the biogas plant, a detailed study of the heat consumption in the sanitation step and also a comparison of energy consumption with the present sanitation method and an alternative strategy where the waste is treated in 55 °C during 10 hours (the current method is heating to 70 °C during 1 hour). The energy survey was conducted in close collaboration with staff at the biogas plant. The current during normal operation was measured, power was calculated and multiplied by the time of usage to obtain the energy consumed.

With the climate change issues growing in importance on the social agenda, the field of urban masterplanning is of no exception when it comes to minimizing the carbon footprint in a variety of projects. The aim of this thesis has been to prepare the Carbon Critical Masterplanning tool, a software plugin for carbon dioxide emissions assessment developed by Atkins, to be used in Swedish conditions. The main targets were to improve the areas of the tool associated with energy conversion and renewable energy sources, and to test the tool in a real case. A planned construction of a new campus in Albano, Stockholm was chosen for the pilot study. A 3D model was built in the tool and the carbon footprint was calculated for a variety of combinations for energy supply to the future area. The results show that use of locally installed renewable energy sources can reduce the total climate impact when life cycle perspective is applied.

The purpose of the project has been to work out recommendations that reduce the energy-related costs and environmental impact of HPW Fresh & Dry Ltd., a fruit drying factory in Ghana. The factory produces electricity with diesel and biogas but also purchases electricity from the national electricity company. Heat for the drying process is produced from biogas, kerosene and solar panels. In the project the energy system was analyzed by measuring production and consumption of heat and electricity. The project results show that the factory can become self-sufficient on heat if the available energy is used more efficient. The production units for both electricity and heat have low efficiencies.

With the climate change issues growing in importance on the social agenda, the field of urban masterplanning is of no exception when it comes to minimizing the carbon footprint in a variety of projects. The aim of this thesis has been to prepare the Carbon Critical Masterplanning tool, a software plugin for carbon dioxide emissions assessment developed by Atkins, to be used in Swedish conditions. The main targets were to improve the areas of the tool associated with energy conversion and renewable energy sources, and to test the tool in a real case. A planned construction of a new campus in Albano, Stockholm was chosen for the pilot study. A 3D model was built in the tool and the carbon footprint was calculated for a variety of combinations for energy supply to the future area.

This bachelor thesis contains the findings of an investigation into the laying of wedge sawn wood flooring. The advantage of wedge sawn wood flooring is the usage of more material from each board reducing waste. The boards follow the natural profile of the tree where the root part of the board is wider, and the top part is narrower. The technique involves placing boards side by side with adjacent boards in opposite directions. The thick base of one board is neighbored by the narrow top of another, this creates a pattern of wedges in alternating directions, known as a ?root and top? system. Existing literature into this type of flooring is sparce.

Antalet äldre blir idag allt fler och behovet av vård flyttas upp i åldrarna. Det kräver att insatser inom äldrevård och omsorg håller hög kvalité och placerar människan i centrum för att skapa förutsättningar för äldre att leva ett värdigt, meningsfullt liv och känna välbefinnande. Frågan om mat, trygghet, identitet, social interaktion, anpassning och KASAM är faktorer som påverkar äldres tillvaro på äldreboende. Syftet med studien var att få djupare kunskap och förståelse i äldres livsvärld på äldreboende, hur man som boende upplever sin vardag och vilken betydelse äldreboendet som institution har för deras hälsa. Två livsberättelseintervjuer genomfördes under en timme var med två äldre, en man och en kvinna boende på ett äldreboende i Mellansverige.

Bakgrund: De onoterade företagen står för en betydande och ökande del av svenskt näringsliv. De små onoterade företagens utmärkande drag, vilka inte behandlas i traditionella värderingsmetoder (till exempel CAPM), kan få stor inverkan på det framräknade företagsvärdet varför det är viktigt att hitta modeller som på ett rättvisande sätt kan avspegla även de onoterade företagens unika egenskaper och risker. Brister i nuvarande modeller har lett till försök att utveckla nya modeller som bättre kan fånga de onoterade företagens riskexponering i kapitalkostnaden. En sådan modell är AHP-modellen (Analytical Hierarchy Process) som har arbetats fram och publicerats av Cotner & Fletcher i American Business Review år 2000.Syfte: Studien beskriver, testar och analyserar AHP-modellen samt andra alternativa modeller som används inom företagsvärderingsområdet för att skatta kapitalkostnaden för eget kapital i onoterade bolag. Två centrala frågor genomsyrar uppsatsen: 1) I vilka fall kan AHP-modellen eller andra alternativa modeller användas till grund för en extern värdering av onoterade företag? 2) Kan AHP-modellen utvecklas för att bli mer praktiskt tillämbar och vilka förändringar behöver göras i sådana fall?Genomförande: Studien skattar fram kapitalkostnader för eget kapital på två fallföretag med hjälp av de vanligaste modellerna inom värderingsområdet.

When harvesting ley you hope to get a fast drying and a faster harvest. If there is a system with round bales, you need to have a dry matter close to 45 %. To make this as fast as possible, there is made a machine which pick up the grass with an pick-up. It turn the grass over and put it behind the machine (figure 2 and 4). There are few tests to prove the efficiency of this machine.

SyfteVårt syfte är att ge en djupare förståelse för det matsvinn som uppstår i livsmedelsbutiker genom att analysera och utreda servicelandskapets, personalens och kundens påverkan på matsvinn. Med koppling till detta syfte har vi valt följande forskningsfråga:På vilka sätt kan livsmedelsbutiker arbeta för att minimera sitt matsvinn med hänsyn till butikernas lönsamhet och kundnöjdhet? MetodDenna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie som haft sin början i ett empiriskt problem som vi ville skapa en djupare förståelse kring, vilket innebär att vår uppsats haft sin början i induktionen. Under processens gång har vi arbetat parallellt med empiri och teori, därför har studien haft ett växelspel mellan induktion och deduktion. Insamlingen av material har skett genom primära och sekundära källor där det empiriska materialet skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer.SlutsatserI vår arbetsprocess har vi kunnat urskilja att servicelandskapet, personalen och kunden är de faktorer som påverkar matsvinnet inom dagligvaruhandeln.

Although women express a desire to be managers and although they constitute the majority of Sweden's newly graduated academics, they are still heavily underrepresented on senior management level in the Swedish private sector, where men hold as much as 95 % of the top positions. Considering the massive waste of resources that this implies, this thesis sets out to investigate the underlying reasons for the skewed gender distribution on senior management level in two Swedish professional services companies - an industry where the described problem has been palpable. Additionally, the thesis explores the effects of actively working for increased gender equality. With a basis in gender and organization theory, a broad theoretical framework has been compiled and applied to a qualitative case study design. The thesis reveals seven distinct impediments, which together create a parable of an obstacles course, that prevent women from advancing the corporate ladder in the same manner as their male colleagues.

The title Urban furniture for young people reveals that this paper handles two central phenomenon in landscape architecture; the form and content of the urban spaces, respectively the users and their need for an appropriate outdoor environment in the city. In this paper youth is referred to as 15-18 year olds and the paper is based on theories of their physical use of the city?s outdoor environment. Urban furniture refers to equipment and components in the public room which becomes furniture when people takes them in to claim and gives them a meaning and a function that is useful for the moment. The starting point is that the users, in this case youths, defi nes urban furniture as something signifi cantly more than traditional park furniture, bicycle racks and waste baskets. This paper aims to investigate how the city?s furniture can be developed to meet the youths need to see each other, move and make their marks in the public room. The theories about how youths uses the city are presented in the Theory chapter.

A lot of mine waste rock and tailings arise from all mining processes and have to be stored in an appropriate way. Tailings are deposited in impoundments retained by tailings dams. The objective of tailings dams is to retain the slurry from the mining process and in that way prevent spill into the surroundings that might be harmful for the environment. Tailings dams are often constructed as staged embankments so that construction costs and demand of materials are spread more evenly over the period of deposition.The objective of this thesis has been to compile information about and evaluate events at Swedish tailings dams and also to develop a collective database for all Swedish mining companies for all tailings dams and all events that occur at tailings dams.Information about 60 events at Swedish tailings dams has been gathered and evaluated. The evaluation has been performed by comparison between and analysis of individual parameters and also by use of a multivariate statistical method called PLS.