Bakgrund: Multiresistenta bakterier (MRB) ?r bakterier som har skapat resistens mot antibiotika. Antibiotikaresistens har blivit ett globalt problem som leder till att vissa infektioner blir allt sv?rare att behandla. Problemet har ocks? blivit alltmer omtalat, och det arbetas aktivt f?r att f?rhindra fortskridande utveckling.

Most of us sometimes in life visit a restaurant to relax and eat some good food. In that case, we trust that the food they are serving is of good quality and safe which prevent food poisoning. As a consumer you mostly do not have any insight what?s happening in the kitchen at the restaurant. What is really going on when they prepare the food? An introduction of the Smiley system could help you as a consumer in the choice of restaurant.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes ?r en kronisk metabol sjukdom som kan leda till allvarliga h?lsokomplikationer. D?rmed utg?r egenv?rd en fundamental och central komponent i behandlingsstrategin f?r att f?rebygga sekund?ra komplikationer och optimera patienters prognos. Egenv?rd inneb?r att individen har ett kontinuerligt ansvar f?r att vidta h?lsofr?mjande och behandlingsrelaterade ?tg?rder i syfte att hantera sin sjukdom samt uppr?tth?lla god livskvalitet.

Vaccinology is an ever expanding field. As a member of the veterinary staff it is important to stay up to date with the continuous new scientific data and recommendations that affect the care that our companion animals receive at the veterinary clinic. This paper presents adverse vaccination reactions, their cause, risk factors and suggestions how we can minimize the risk of adverse vaccine events in dogs. Dog owners in Sweden were allowed to answer a questionnaire about adverse events following vaccination. Lethargy, edema and pruritus were among the most frequently seen adverse effects.

Bakgrund: Immobilisering a?r en vedertagen omva?rdnadsa?tga?rd inom dagens prehospitala traumava?rd, detta trots att det inte finns na?gra randomiserade kontrollerade studier anga?ende a?tga?rden. Ma?nga studier har dock visat att riskerna med immobilisering a?r ma?nga varfo?r det a?r viktigt att underso?ka omva?rdnadshandlingen na?rmare.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att underso?ka fo?rekomsten av radiologiskt faststa?llda spinala skador hos patienter som immobiliserats prehospitalt efter trauman, samt pa? vilka indikationer denna immobilisering gjordes.Metod: En kvantitativ retrospektiv studie da?r 288 journaler granskades i ambulansens journalsystem MobiMed 3.0 och i sjukhusets journalsystem Cosmic. Da?refter analyserades resultaten i SPSS deskriptivt och grafiskt, med chi2-test samt med oberoende t-test.Resultat: Resultatet visade att av de 246 patienter som genomga?tt en radiologisk underso?kning fanns en konstaterad spinal skada hos 48 patienter, vilket motsvarade cirka 17 %.

Bakgrund Den palliativa patienten g?r inte att bota, men tiden kvar i livet ska vara av godaste m?jliga kvalitet enligt definitionen av palliativ v?rd. Patienter inom palliativ v?rd drabbas av m?nga olika symtom, som ofta relaterar till varandra. Oro och ?ngest ?r vanligt och p?verkar livskvaliteten negativt.

The competition in sports equipment and sports fashion today is fierce. And as e-commerce grows, the competing players has to remain accessible and usable regard-less of the device their customers visit the website on. Stadium is Swedens biggest player on the market and puts a lot of effort on their online activity. Something Stadium found interesting was the possibility of introducing elements that would increase the conversion rates directly into the product menu. This study explores the possibility to find a responsive solution for the product menu at Stadiums? e-commerce website which could contribute to increased conversion rates.The study is built upon an experiment and the foundations of the experiment is based upon a market analysis of used design patterns for product navigation in the domain of sport resellers.

Bakgrund: Befolkningen av ?ldre ?kar globalt och studier visar att antalet ?ldre p? akutmottagning ?r h?g till f?ljd av multisjuklighet, polyfarmaci och ?ldersrelaterade fysiologiska f?r?ndringar och funktionsneds?ttningar. Dessutom ?kar prevalensen av demenssjukdomar som en f?ljd av ovan. Studier visar att ?ven personer med demensproblematik ofta bes?ker akutmottagningen vilket ?r problematiskt d? milj?n d?r inte ?r anpassad f?r denna patientgrupp vilket uts?tter dem f?r en rad utmaningar med negativa konsekvenser, s?som f?rs?mring av beteende och funktion.

Bakgrund: Tv?ngsv?rd enligt Lagen om psykiatrisk tv?ngsv?rd (LPT) inneb?r att v?rd kan ges utan patientens samtycke n?r det finns en allvarlig psykisk st?rning och behov av v?rd som patienten mots?tter sig. Sjuksk?terskans ansvar omfattar att uppr?tth?lla patientens r?ttss?kerhet och autonomi trots de tv?ngs?tg?rder som kan bli aktuella. Personcentrerad v?rd inneb?r att anpassa insatser efter patientens unika behov och f?ruts?ttningar, vilket ?r s?rskilt viktigt f?r att bevara patientens v?rdighet och skapa delaktighet ?ven under tv?ng.

A totally mixed ration (TMR) is a mixture of all the necessary feed components for the cow. She will eat the exact same feed in every bite which will make the rumen pH more stable and always supply her with a constant proportion between roughage and concentrate. This will make it possible for the cow to eat more dry matter (DM) a day because the fibre requirements are fulfilled. If a part of the concentrate is given separated from the mixture it is called partly mixed rations (PMR) and is almost always used when using an automatic milking system (AMS). When using TMR and PMR it is important to have a high hygiene, be accurate when mixing the feed and to look after cows in a good and strict way. The aim of this study was to document different farms with PMR in an AMS to see which routines they have and how they are managing their production.

Bakgrund: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protokoll finns inom de flesta kirurgiska omr?dena men saknas till stor del inom hj?rtkirurgi, speciellt inom svensk sjukv?rd. Fler och fler kliniker implementerar ERAS-protokoll inom de olika kirurgiska specialiteterna. Postoperativt illam?ende och kr?kning (PONV) kan leda till on?digt lidande hos de patienter som drabbas.

Bakgrund: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protokoll finns inom de flesta kirurgiska omr?dena men saknas till stor del inom hj?rtkirurgi, speciellt inom svensk sjukv?rd. Fler och fler kliniker implementerar ERAS-protokoll inom de olika kirurgiska specialiteterna. Postoperativt illam?ende och kr?kning (PONV) kan leda till on?digt lidande hos de patienter som drabbas.

Everyday life mobility of elderly people ? opportunities, restrictions and sustainable urban visions aim to examine and describe elderly people?s movement patterns, their opportunities and restrictions of reaching high mobility and accessibility, and their attitude towards various sustainable urban visions. This paper is based on an approach of time-space geography as it covers the topic of movements in time-space, explained and developed using the concepts of mobility and accessibility. To examine elderly people?s attitude towards sustainable urban visions, this paper also takes approach on theories such as New Urbanism, mixed-use and the compact city.The method used in the study is an interweaving of a time geographic diary and qualitative interviews, where the respondents are six retired people between 68 and 77 years old living in Gothenburg city.

I en tid d?r samh?llet st?ndigt f?r?ndras och utvecklas har banksektorn f?tt m?ta nya krav och f?rv?ntningar fr?n marknaden. Efterfr?gan p? digitala l?sningar, tekniska innovationer och nya kundbeteenden ?r saker svenska banker beh?vt anpassa sig till under senare ?r. I ett f?r?ndringsklimat kan akt?rer i banksektorn beh?va genomf?ra strategiska f?r?ndringsarbeten f?r att forts?tta f?lja utvecklingen och den r?dande efterfr?gan.

For an outdoor environment to function optimally as a playarea requires that it is flexible, that is, contains places and elements that give room for the imagination and for own interpetretations, and also that the children in some way can influence and change their surroundings. It is also important to have variety, both in the sense that the playground has a unique character that distinguishes it from other places, and that it allows many different games and activities. There should for example be room for both wild games of running and moving around where many children can participate, and calm corners to withdraw to for rest or quiet play. A good playground should surprise, challenge and encourage children to discover their surroundings. One way to achive this is to use plants and materials from nature, whose irregular forms and structures can become interesting elements to explore. Vegetation also gives sence-experiences of various kinds, materials like twigs and leafs to play with and a place to play house.