This essay is about democracy and how a democracy index can be used as a tool to illustratethe gap between reality and ideal. The purpose of this study can be expressed by two researchquestions: Does the Economist Intelligence Unit's (EIU) democracy index illustrate thedistance between reality and the ideal of democracy presented by Dahl? and Can the EIU'sdemocracy index be modified by a) internal adjustments and b) using the variables includedin World Economic Forum?s (WEF) equality index?By using a combination of theories (Dahl?s theory of democracy, Rawls theory of justice andchosen theories critical to liberal democracy) as an analytical framework the following twoquestions have been answered:1) Which of the variables included in the EIU's democracy index have the potential to capturethe level of political equality?2) Which of the variables included in the WEF?s equality index have the potential to capturethe degree of political equality?By using a quantitative method the study?s third and last question has been answered:3) How strong is the rank correlation between the EIU?s democracy index and the WEF?sequality index, that is; how strong is the rank correlation coefficient (rho)?The data presented by the WEF?s equality index indicate that women are systematicallydiscriminated against as a group. From a democratic perspective the EIU may need tomeasure inequalities at a group level in order to capture the lack of political equality betweenindividuals. By reformulating some of the EIU?s variables, by revising the EIU?s point systemand by using the variables included in the WEF's equality index to extend EIU?s democracyindex, the chances of capturing the gap between reality and the ideal of democracy presentedby Dahl would likely increase..

Osseointegrated titanium implants have become a commonly used method in edentulous jaws and today there are success rates in the magnitude of 82 % in the lower jaw and 98 % in the upper. During first year after implantation a fully normal marginal bone loss of 1-2 mm occurs. If the bone loss continues there is a risk of implant failure. High tensions in bone and inflammation caused by bacteria are possible reasons for this problem. It has been shown that a leakage of bacterias occurs between the parts of the implant and there are theories that this has effects on the marginal bone loss. The aim of this thesis has been to increase the knowledge about microbial leakage with help of in vitro tests and virtual simulations.

This essay is about democracy and how a democracy index can be used as a tool to illustratethe gap between reality and ideal. The purpose of this study can be expressed by two researchquestions: Does the Economist Intelligence Unit's (EIU) democracy index illustrate thedistance between reality and the ideal of democracy presented by Dahl? and Can the EIU'sdemocracy index be modified by a) internal adjustments and b) using the variables includedin World Economic Forum?s (WEF) equality index?By using a combination of theories (Dahl?s theory of democracy, Rawls theory of justice andchosen theories critical to liberal democracy) as an analytical framework the following twoquestions have been answered:1) Which of the variables included in the EIU's democracy index have the potential to capturethe level of political equality?2) Which of the variables included in the WEF?s equality index have the potential to capturethe degree of political equality?By using a quantitative method the study?s third and last question has been answered:3) How strong is the rank correlation between the EIU?s democracy index and the WEF?sequality index, that is; how strong is the rank correlation coefficient (rho)?The data presented by the WEF?s equality index indicate that women are systematicallydiscriminated against as a group. From a democratic perspective the EIU may need tomeasure inequalities at a group level in order to capture the lack of political equality betweenindividuals. By reformulating some of the EIU?s variables, by revising the EIU?s point systemand by using the variables included in the WEF's equality index to extend EIU?s democracyindex, the chances of capturing the gap between reality and the ideal of democracy presentedby Dahl would likely increase..

TitelTofsar, lyxliv, bortskämda ungdomar och ett liv på Skandinaviens största varuhus.- En kvalitativ studie om hur svenska tvkanaler  profilerar personer i reality-serier och det bidrar till att stärka tv- kanalernas varumärke.FörfattareLina Törnqvist och Ida IngemarssonUtbildningMedie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, VT 2011, Mittuniversitetet Campus Sundsvall.HandledareAnn T. OttestigSyfteVår studies syfte är att undersöka hur personifieringen i tre svenskproducerade realityserier bidrar till att profilera programmen och stärka tv-kanalernas varumärken.MetodStudiens metod vilar på en triangulering där kvalitativa intervjuer har kombinerats med kvalitativa innehållsanalyser. Kvalitativa intervjuer har gjorts med utvalda respondenter på de valda kanalerna. Innehållsanalyserna har gjorts på programmens hemsidor samt valda filmklipp från programmen.ResultatStudien visar på att reality-trenden idag har växt sig stark, något alla respondenter på kanalerna har medgivit. Samtliga kanaler har någon eller några former av reality-program.

Den svenska byggbranschen står i nuläget inför en stor teknisk förändring, införandet av Bygg-informationsmodeller(BIM)/Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) i stor skala. Branschens olika aktörer ser olika vinster med implementeringen som kommer påverka hela byggprocessen, från projektering till förvaltning. Denna studie fokuserar på organisation och process i projekteringsskedet och grundar sig på en fallstudie av Veidekke Entreprenad AB. Företaget har implementerat VDC i delar av organisationen och i nuläget, efter lyckade pilotprojekt, utvidgas satsningen och implementering görs i större skala. Studiens syfte är att kartlägga Veidekkes VDC-mål och strategier, för att därefter studera process och organisation i projekteringsfasen och hur de bör utvecklas för att skapa goda förutsättningar för att VDC-målen ska kunna uppfyllas.

The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship between the surrounding world and the library with respect to the library?s need to provide a Library 2.0 web site. We also explore the relationship between the physical and the virtual library. Our research objects are the public libraries of Stockholm and the Umeå region, that maintain the web sites Biblioteket.se and minabibliotek.se respectively. By applying Dorte Skot-Hansen's theory of rationales we found that the Stockholm public library is acting in accordance with the experience rationale, whereas the libraries of Umeå are influenced by the instrumental rationale.

Idag är datorn en självklarhet i de flesta hem. Ökningen i användandet av datorspel hos barn väcker intresset över hur bra så kallade lärospel fungerar för yngre barn. De spel som finns idag är utvecklade för att passa normalstörda barn. Hur väl fungerar de för barn som har någon form av funktionshinder och då framförallt med inlärningssvårigheter? Autism är ett funktionshinder som bland annat innebär inlärningssvårigheter och svårigheter i kommunikation.

3D modeling is a common tool in landscape architecture. Today, there have been new ways in which virtual 3D models are successful tools in the dialogue with the public. These new methods involve children and young people who are groups that is hard to reach and engage in citizen dialogues. The purpose of this work was to investigate how a virtual 3D model works in the landscape architect?s communication with the public through the project Gruvstadsparken in Kiruna. Through workshops, I wanted to communicate Gruvstadsparken to get ideas from participants on how the park can be used and be revisited.

Realityshower och dokusåpor tar allt större plats i våra tv-tablåer och är under ständig debatt. Programmen sänds numera på prime time och finns hela tiden tillgängliga via internet. Just nu är dokusåpan Paradise Hotel mest aktuell och har fått utstå mycket kritik. Detta på grund av de stora mängder alkohol som deltagarna dricker samt programmets inslag av sexuell karaktär.  Genrens namn, reality-tv, ger sken av att det är verkligheten som speglas i programmen, men hur verkligt är egentligen det vi får se? Hur stor makt har produktionsbolaget över deltagarna och hur redigeras det filmade materialet för att locka tittarna? Det är frågor som den här uppsatsen syftar till att försöka besvara.

Ett problem entreprenörer ofta ställs inför vid uppstarten av ett företag är en avsaknad av antingen kapital eller kompetens eller en kombination av dessa båda. Hur avgörande är nätverket för ett företags möjlighet att genom ett tillskott av kompetens och kapital förverkliga en vision och bli framgångsrik? Vilken betydelse kan en inkubator ha för ett företags framgång? Syftet är att beskriva hur en specifik inkubator fungerar i praktiken samt utreda när denna utgör ett lämpligt alternativ för en entreprenör. Vi vill även förklara hur ett nystartat företags utvecklingspotential påverkas av att få tillgång till både kapital och handgriplig hjälp med kompetenstillförsel, genom att vara en del av denna inkubatorverksamhet. Vi har tillämpat en induktiv ansats, genom att vi låtit studien ha sin utgångspunkt i empirin.

The case method is a relatively new pedagogical method in Sweden that is based on students exercising their skills in the analysis of complex situations and problems that are based in reality and that help students to see a broader perspective and context.The purpose of this study has been to investigate, through interviews with students and teachers, the advantages and disadvantages of the case method in teaching geography.The results of the study show that both teachers and students share almost the same opinion. The conclusion is that the case method is a didactic method that is well suited for teaching geography, as it is based on reality and develops the students? ability to analyze, argue and find solutions in several areas within the subject of geography. If a student is strong in these skill areas they can really benefit from the application of the case method in the teaching of geography, but for students who are weaker in these skills, the case method can be a disadvantage.

The main purpose of this thesis is to discuss what exile writing is and who can be seen as an exile writer. If the word ?exile? is related to forced dislocation, like Paul Tabori and Sopia A. McClennen describes it, who can be viewed as an exile writer? Is Anders Olsson?s definition of an exile writer acceptable or not? Could the The Escape, a future story about exiled Northern Europeans in Myanmar, be classified as exile literature?Another purpose with this text is to describe how a story about exile can be made realistic and tangible to a reader who has not experienced exile.

Economy and environment has for a long time been studied separately and seen as incompatible. With a growing society and increasing pressure on environmental issues the need of a new economy with the environment included is necessary. This study examine if European Union´s picture of the waste hierarchy match the reality. Since the purpose with the waste hierarchy is to benefit environmental and economy. A survey was made over Käppalaförbundets waste from 2013, to see where the waste falls in the waste hierarchy.

This paper investigates the relations between the fantasy genre and the phenomena of escapism. It also delves into the factors which motivates consumption of various fantasy mediums. This is done through interviews with six different fantasy-consumers, along with two observations; of which one is performed at a science fiction convention and the other at a table-top role playing game. The study resulted in a basic understanding of escapism ? it is not limited to the fantasy genre, and fantasy consumers do not deny that fantasy is a form of escapism.

Can the lack of functional cross-cultural communication among individuals within an international organization be the reason for cultural clashes to occur, and lead to conflict between two cultures within the same organization?Our aim is to try to create a potential model of how cross-cultural problems can be studied, in order to contribute to the solution of the problem. And to examine whether the theories, which form the basis of our model can be applied in reality.The research have assumed from the hermeneutical approach for a holistic view of the problem area. The deductive approach has been used in order to distinguish whether the theories can be applied to reality, and qualitative research method for collecting data.The focus lies within cross-cultural communications, which defines the various cultural factors that can affect organizational culture. Hofstede dimensions and the social structure are mentioned and cultural factors as language and religion.