Byggbranschen i Sverige idag lider av alltför höga byggkostnader. Kostnaden för byggmaterial stiger fortare än både lönehöjningarna och konsumentprisindex. Detta problem har NCC uppmärksammat och de har satt upp ett mål som går ut på att varje år fram till år 2012 sänka produktionskostnaderna med 5 %. En stor del av produktionskostnaderna är inköpsrelaterade och stora resurser läggs på besparingar i inköpsarbetet för att nå detta mål. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på inköpsarbetet på NCCs byggarbetsplatser och på hanteringen av tre av de största ramavtalen som NCC knutit med leverantörer av förnödenheter och byggmaterial: Ahlsell AB, Beijer Byggmaterial AB samt Ramirent AB.

The purpose of this of this essay is to explore the construction of a conservatory that is livable allyear around. When you build a conservatory there are several factors that need to be regardedthat usually are of no importance when you build a regular conservatory. The glassed facadeneeds to have a very good U-value and all the parts of the facade need to be isolated and theconstruction needs to prevent thermal bridges.In this essay we will start by looking at the shape of the conservatory. Due to the façade consistsof glass the conservatory will need to have a good ratio between the area and the façade so thatthe heat losses will be at a minimum. However, due to the fact that one of the sides of the façadeis connected to the warm house, you quickly realize that the shape of the conservatory is of noimportance.There are two common ways to build a foundation for a conservatory, a molded concretefoundation and isolated wooden beams.

The title of this Master´s thesis is Multicultural librarian competence - a literature study and interwievs with librarians and managers in Malmö Public Library.Every fifth Swede is born abroad or has at least one parent who are. The migration flows of today reach out longer, there are more efficent ways of communication and travel. This has made previously ethnic homogeneous populations as the swedish more and more hetergeneous. Library services to inmigrant users started out as a specially directed activities. The political view of migration has changed over the years and the current perspective is the one of mutual integration and cultural diversity.

Ever since Internet revolutionized the world, e-stores and e-commerce has grown into becoming a natural part of consumer's everyday life. Much thanks to it's facilitative and time saving characteristics. Online, consumers are provided with a huge assortment and the opportunity to shop any time they like. Yet, the absolute greatness of e-stores is the possibility to push prices below the physical store price, which seems to be most appreciated to a large extent by consumers worldwide. The fact that e-store sales in Sweden grew 14% last year verifies this.As more players step into the virtual world of e-commerce the competition gets tougher.

Our findings show that depending on the contextual setting and what sort of merger an organization goes through, the identity strategies will differ. We see that symbols and values are two objects of relevance in our case companies? identity strategies, but that there are differences in how they are being used. There is consensus around the fact that values are important to have, however their meaning to each organization differs and it has also proven to be dependent on what position you possess in the company. We have developed a four-fielder in order to further illustrate our findings.

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore which inner conceptions about the abused older women the professional social workers had and how they experienced the enconter of an abused old woman in an intimate partner relation. The theoretical background is social construction by Berger and Luckmann. This theory was uset to analyze the transcribed interviews. This study is based on nine interviews with five professionals in social services, three volunteers from the voluntary sector and one social worker who worked in a community based support group for abused older women. The result of this study shows that older women were often abused, by a relative they were dependent on, in their home.

Concrete is a very common construction material. It´s characteristics are strength, durability and formablility. Superplasticizer is a common admixture, which changes the properties of concrete. Today (spring 2007) there are no certian mathematical methods to calculate the required percentage of this admixture needed to give the necessary set slump flow in the overall concrete recipe. Concrete batching companies must therefor experiment with different amount of superplasticizer in order to meet the specified slump and strength. The purpose og this report is to investigate if any mathematical relation can be established between the amount of superplasticizer used and the slump flow achieved. After carrying out some practical experiments using four different superplasticizers a direct relationship can be establish between the percentage of admixture used and the slump/flowability achieved. Unfortunatly at present due to the numerous variables, the calculation of mathematical formula can not be achieved..

Uppgiften som detta examensarbete går ut på är att utveckla en ny steghållare som ska ingå i Thules produktserie Professional. Det är önskvärt att kunna lasta stegen bakifrån och möjliggöra lastning från marken även på högre skåpbilar. Steghållaren ska framförallt vara anpassad till yrkesmän, såsom hantverkare, målare, etc. Därför söker Thule en robust, säker och lättmanövrerad steghållare med attraktivt utseende. Steghållaren ska minska den tid det tar att lasta på och av stegen.

This report is about the issue with decreasing production rate mainly caused by failuresrelated to the multiswitch. The multiswitch is a machine at Gefleortens Mejeriföreningwhich has the function of distributing milk cartons from one incoming track into fiveoutgoing tracks. Milk cartons who gets stuck and there by causes the production to stop,is the mainly problem with this constructionThe purpose with this report is to understand the causing factors and make suggestions which can help solving these factors. By analyzing the machine during production, having contact with different suppliers, searching internet for information, 3d-cad drawings and the complementary with personal experiences, this machine has  been evaluated and as a result of this new problem has come to be known.The discovered problems was analyzed and resulted in new suggestions for alternative options. Later the most functional results was chosen and put as a suggestion for the new model.A new machine built with the suggestions from this report assures to be well adapted to the environment at Gefleortens Mejeriföreing and the problems it causes..

A system for sampling of alcohol and aldehyde from diluted exhaust gases from vehicles powered by ethanol has been developed and tested. The major part of the work has been research of earlier work in the field and the construction of the sampling system.The part of the system constructed for the measurement of alcohol has been shown to work, however, more test should be performed. The part of the system constructed for the measurement of aldehyde was tested parallel to a commercially available system, based on the same principle of measurement, and has been shown to work well.Determination of the concentration of gaseous ethanol using a FID has shown the since earlier known fact that a FID is not able to measure a correct concentration of ethanol. Furthermore it has been shown that high concentrations of gaseous ethanol can not be kept in a bag more than a few minutes without a substantial decrease of the measured concentration..

Syftet med den här rapporten är att beskriva ett antal olika tillvägagångssätt man kan använda sig av då man har behov av att dela in ett lokalt nätverk i olika segment och med det även kunna reglera trafikflödet mellan segmenten. De lösningar som presenteras i arbetet är inriktade mot mikro- och småföretag.Anledningen till att vi har valt att arbeta med det här området är att vi anser att det är viktigt för organisationer att har en strukturerad och segmenterad design på sitt interna datornätverk.Vi har arbetat genom att i förväg samla in information om olika tekniker som kan tänkas lösa vårt problem, och därefter testat olika scenarion med dessa tekniker. Data har samlats in efter varje genomfört scenario och sammanställts i statistisk form för att kunna avgöra vilken metod som var att föredra.Vi har testat lösningar där man segmenterar nätverket i en lager 2-switch medan man möjliggör och förhindrar trafikflöde mellan segmenten i en router. Även lösningar där man använder en lager 3-switch har testats. På så sätt kan routningen ske direkt i switchen och det blir betydligt mindre belastning i routern.

Bakgrund: Riksbanken har haft sedelmonopol sedan 1897, vilket har inneburit att de sedan dess har haft ensamrätt att ge ut pengar. Den teknologiska utvecklingen och den ökade användningen av internet har lett till att virtuella samfund har utvecklats och i vissa fall har dessa samhällen skapat sin egen valuta. Bitcoin är världens första helt decentraliserade valuta och baserades i början av sin existens på teknisk nyfikenhet för en handfull hobbyister. Under de senaste åren har efterfrågan på bitcoins ökat vilket i sin tur har lett till att kursen stigit explosivartat.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga och analysera de transaktionskostnader som kan uppstå när Bitcoin används som betalningsmedel, samt jämföra dessa kostnader med de transaktionskostnader som är förenade med användandet av traditionella betalningsmedel.Genomförande: Studien har genomförts genom en blandning av ett kvalitativt och ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt samt genom en bearbetning av transaktionskostnadsteorin inom ramen för ny institutionell teori. Empirin består av tre delar där studien inleds med en litteraturstudie för att läsaren ska få en inblick i vad Bitcoin är och hur valutan fungerar.

Kv. Sandhamn heter projektet, där jag utförde min verksamhetsförlagda praktik och det var totalt sjuttio lägenheter byggda till en beställare, som i detta fall är Familjebostäder. Projektet är en totalentreprenad där HMB Construction AB är totalentreprenör. Jag har valt att avgränsa mig till att undersöka samordningen mellan bygg- och underentreprenörer, endast på HMB Constructions AB. Anledningen till det här arbetet var att se hur samordningen fungerar mellan bygg- och underentreprenörer.Genomförandet av detta arbete har sin grund i en frågeenkät som jag delat ut till sex olika entreprenörer.

Softube has developed DSP-card and software for simulation of the sound of old tube amplifiers. The purpose with this thesis is to design a compact amplifier with high power to function together with the DSP-card and build a unit that can replace several other guitar amplifiers. The advantages with that kind of solution could be that it would be cheaper, easier to carry and easier to stor than the real amplifiers. The amplifier that has been designed is of class D type with digital PWM modulator. There is several types of amplifier modules on the market that use analog input signal, but if one of them would be used a D-A converter is needed on the DSP card.

The aim of this report is to give a concise description of curtain walls, what it is and why they are used. It is also a description of six different but commonly used design technologies. By giving a detailed description of the different types and there special properties, the pros and cons will be clarified. The three most interesting alternatives were selected to be included in a test, to show the best alternative from a certain point of view.The parameters are:? Environment? Cost? Ergonomics? Isolation against noise and fire? DurabilityThese are important parameters in the planning and design phase.