Death is the only experience we know we will come across in our lives. Yet it is so difficult to speak about death and the sorrow before and after death occurs. The aim of this literature study was to find out how as a general nurse one can help relatives to handle their situation in mourning. The question was: How does the nurse feel when confronted with mourning relatives? What measures and caring should the nurse take to alleviate the handling of the relatives in mourning? After scrutiny and critical analysis of ten scientific papers, some common denominators have remained.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka hur buller påverkar sjukhusmiljön med hänseende på vårdpersonal och patienter. Studiens avsikt omfattar även en undersökning av vårdpersonalens och patienters eventuella olika uppfattningar angående buller. Effekterna av buller och dess omfattning inom vårdavdelningsmiljön har också undersökts. Resultatet av studien visar på att bullermiljön på sjukhus överskrider de riktlinjer för buller som WHO fastslagit. Vidare visar studien på indikationer på att brittiska sjuksköterskors kunskap angående fenomenet buller är bristfällig.

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered a specific and a sensitive biomarker of cardiac disease, and due to a high inter-species sequence homology; human cTnI assays can often be used in veterinary medicine. The main aim of this study was to perform an initial evaluation of a human cTnI test, the Meritas Troponin I test, for measurement of equine plasma cTnI, in order to investigate whether the test could be a possible subject for a more comprehensive validation. The hypothesis was that the test could measure equine cTnI, as there is a good homology between equine cTnI and human cTnI. The evaluation included a dilution parallelism, an intra-assay precision study and measurement of plasma cTnI healthy horses. In the dilution parallelism and the intra-assay precision study, equine plasma with previously established high cTnI concentration, according to another cTnI assay, was used. In addition, cTnI concentration was measured in plasma, collected from 19 horses, without signs of disease at physical and ECG examinations. The obtained curve in the dilution parallelism was linear, indicating that the Meritas Troponin I test can be used to measure different concentrations of equine cTnI in plasma.

Bakgrund: Sedan 1990-talet har alkoholkonsumtionen i Sverige ökat och under de senaste tio åren har även alkoholskador och alkoholrelaterad sjukhusvård tilltagit. Att identifiera och ta upp patienters alkoholproblematik ingår i sjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter men rollen i samtal om alkohol är otydlig och många sjuksköterskor anser sig sakna tillräckligt med kunskap och utbildning för detta.Syfte: Syftet var att belysa de faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans samtal med patienter om alkohol.Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på fem kvalitativa och sex kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar utfördes. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna Cinahl Plus with Fulltext, Google Scholar, Medline, Nursing & Allied Health Source. Deras resultat granskades och analyserades efter likheter och olikheter, vilket resulterade i en sammanställning med nya teman.Resultat: Analysen resulterade i fem teman med faktorer som påverkar samtal om alkohol. Kunskap och utbildning visar att dessa har en positiv effekt på att samtal kring alkohol förs och att majoriteten av alla sjuksköterskor efterfrågar mer kunskap och utbildning.

This project was initiated by a veterinarian, that at stallion performance tests for breeding during a number of years, noted breed differences in various types of testicular disorders. Therefore it was of interests to examine the proportion of testicular disorders within certain breeds. The aim with the project was in a first part to study cryptorchidism in common horse breeds in Sweden. Information about castrations of stallions performed during a 10 year period (2000-2009) was collected from computerized case records at five animal hospitals. The case records showed the numbers of castrations, normal cases and cases preformed on stallions with cryptorchidism, abdominal respectively inguinal.

The occurrence of small amounts of albumin in urine, microalbuminuria (MA), is used both in human- and veterinary medicine as an indicator for patients who have developing proteinuria. Proteinuria can be prerenal, renal or postrenal which is important to establish during an investigation. With conventional methods decreased renal function is not detected until 70 % of renal function is lost. The ability to detect and start a treatment earlier might reverse or slow the progression of disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of Heska® E.R.D.-Health Screen?, a test for microalbuminuria in dogs, to detect albuminuria.

Sjuksköterskornas arbetsvardag bestod av att ofta möta lidande och död hos sina patienter. De behövde i sitt arbete strategier för att hantera sina psykiska och känslomässiga reaktioner. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka sjuksköterskans reaktioner och bearbetningsmetoder av traumatiska händelser uppkomna i arbetet. Metoden var litteraturstudie. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Evidence Based Nursing (EBN) gjord av Flemming (1998).

The purposes of this literature review were to study how nurses use intuition in health care, how these experiences are described by nurses and if you as a nurse can learn how to use your intuition. We also want to make nurses attentive of and give them the courage to use their intuition. The study is addressed to both nurs-ing students and practicing nurses. The method is a literature review based on nine scientific articles. The results implicate that nurses use their intuition to know how to do something, when additional measures needs to be done and which measures they are.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka effekten av akupunktur samt ge exempel på några områden inom vilka akupunktur hittills har används. Metoden är en litteraturstudie som baserar på nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna granskas utifrån kriterier på vad en vetenskaplig artikel ska innehålla enligt Polit. & Hungler. Reliabiliteten av 8 artiklar betygsätts enligt Carlsson & Eimans bedömningsmall för kvalitativ och kvantitativ studier.

Bakgrund: Självmord är den vanligaste dödsorsaken bland unga, en tonåring tar sitt liv varje vecka. 30-70% av dem som tar livet av sig är deprimerade, 90-95% har haft någon psykisk sjukdom. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vårdpersonalens åtgärder för att förebygga suicid hos deprimerade barn och ungdomar. Metod: En allmän litteratur studie genom sökning av kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar i elektroniska databaser och genom manuell sökning. Sammanlagt 10 artiklar granskades och analyserades.

The aim of this literature study was to find out how nurses experience their work-situation and work environment and which the risk factors where. We also wanted to examine what kind of influence those risk factors had on nurses work satisfaction. This was done by the following question: What are the risk factors that can lead to burnout in work environment of nurses? The method was by critical examination of ten scientifically articles. The articles were critically studied by the criterions of Polit, Beck & Hungler.

Background: Every year about 4600 nurses are examined in Sweden. The work as a nurse is responsible and she is often working under time pressure. Aim: To describe nurse?s understandings about her professional role during her first year after the examination. Method: Systematic literature review, where 10 scientific articles were examined.

This study highlights the importance of computer technology and its impact on elder care staff's skills development in the public sector. The government presents the digital agenda within which information and communication technology today is considered to have a potential for sustainability, growth and development. According to the EU Commission, there are several important elements that should be improved to digitize the workplace. Among these are digital literacy, collaboration between agencies and increased investments in research, education and innovation. New technology can be understood in different ways by individuals, some see the computer as something positive and exciting, while others may find it hard to see the opportunities for learning and development.

The increased frequency of reported Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is of great concern to small animal healthcare due to limited options of antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this literature study is to investigate 1) characteristics and classification of S. pseudintermedius, 2) resistance mechanisms and emergence of MRSP, 3) risk factors for selection of MRSP, and 4) clonal distribution around the world. S. pseudintermedius is a skin and mucosal commensal in healthy dogs and cats, but can cause infections, including pyoderma. Beta-lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the penicillin binding protein (PBP), a vital enzyme in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar compliance vid diabetes typ2. Vår frågeställning är: Vad är viktigt för sjuksköterskor att tänka på vid information / utbildning av patienter med diabetes typ 2? Modell: Vi använder oss av Carnevalis (1999) modell för krav och resurser som referensram. Metoden är en systematisk litteratursökning via databaser. Artikelgranskning och kvalitetsbedömning är gjort enligt Polit, Hungler et al ( 2001).