Over the past twenty years, the cooperation within the European Union (EU) has strengthened and expanded with both more number of Member States and stronger influence on international politics. The unique character of the Union and its ability to enforce peace and humanitarian intervention has attracted attention in political science. This prominent position of the Union is perceived by many scholars who often hold this derived from the Union's influence in international relations. Various terms have been used to define the powers of the Union. The British researcher Ian Manners states that the unique identity of the Union in the international arena is formed by its normative power.  An important policy area within the Union is the environmental cooperation.

Unified Protocol är en transdiagnostisk kognitiv beteendeterapi baserad på empiriskt stödda principer. Uppsatsens syfte var att kvalitativt beskriva gruppbehandlingsdeltagares vardagliga upplevelser ur ett psykologiskt perspektiv. Frågeställningen var om det fanns skillnader vid jämförelse mellan före och efter behandlingen och hur eventuella skillnader och likheter såg ut. Deltagargruppen var diagnostiskt heterogen. De sex informanterna, två män och fyra kvinnor, intervjuades enskilt.

The purpose of this study is to explore specific pedagogical activities that benefit the student's verbal language development and to learn more about how our schools use teaching methods to achieve the ambitions in the governing documents in Sweden. The aim is finding the correlation between theory, research, governing documents and the educational work in our schools. This study contains an empirical survey in intention to see how teachers, pupils and school administrators experience school activities, to see if those activities are formed with the intention for pupils to reach the learning goals according to the governing documents.The aim of this study has been achieved by relating empirical data with theories and previous research on conversation analysis. Goffman's and Norrby's research on the importance of dialogue and previous research on dialogicity studied by Dysthe, Vygotsky and Bakhtin are presented. Those are related to empirical data and show that most teachers realize the importance of integrating dialogues in daily activities and in different learning contexts.

Bakgrund: Ett av målen med god omvårdnad är att etablera en vårdande relation. Godkommunikation stärker relationen och det skapas utrymme för bekräftelse och trygghet. Ickeverbal kommunikation utgör omkring två tredjedelar av alla budskap som förmedlas och ärvanligtvis det som uppfattas som mer äkta när budskap strider mot varandra. Sjuksköterskansicke verbala uttryck kan både öppna upp och skapa hinder i mötet med patienten vilket visar påvikten av en god kommunikativ förmåga. Syfte: Detta fördjupningsarbete belyser hur icke verbalkommunikation påverkar den vårdande relationen och patientens upplevelse av trygghet ochbekräftelse.

Utvecklingen och utbredningen av datanät blir allt större, och företag lägger mycket pengar på att hålla sig väl framme i utvecklingen. Samtidigt är dagens teleräkningar av en sådan dignitet att mycket pengar läggs ned på detta område också. Syftet med vår rapport är att undersöka om IP-telefoni, där datanät baserade på IP (Internet Protocol), även kan förmedla samtal på ett för företagen tillfredsställande sätt. På detta sätt kan stora pengar sparas, då det traditionella telenätet kan rationaliseras bort. Vi begränsade oss till att undersöka tre företag som idag använder IP- telefoni.

The purpose of this study is to explore specific pedagogical activities that benefit the student's verbal language development and to learn more about how our schools use teaching methods to achieve the ambitions in the governing documents in Sweden. The aim is finding the correlation between theory, research, governing documents and the educational work in our schools. This study contains an empirical survey in intention to see how teachers, pupils and school administrators experience school activities, to see if those activities are formed with the intention for pupils to reach the learning goals according to the governing documents.The aim of this study has been achieved by relating empirical data with theories and previous research on conversation analysis. Goffman's and Norrby's research on the importance of dialogue and previous research on dialogicity studied by Dysthe, Vygotsky and Bakhtin are presented. Those are related to empirical data and show that most teachers realize the importance of integrating dialogues in daily activities and in different learning contexts.

Eleven years after broking the Kyoto-protocol, the European Union still stands in the front line, combating climate change. How come the EU, with 27 diversified states, is able to integrate its members to what is widely considered the most progressive climate policy in the world? This thesis takes a closer look at the negotiations that have shaped EU climate policy. Using negotiation-models to categorize different aspects of EU climatenegotiations, several key-findings are presented. The thesis concludes that while EU entered the Kyoto-protocol with little to lose because of external factors like previous energy-reforms in key member countries, it had plenty to win in global influence and the satisfaction of an overwhelmingly Kyoto-positive public.

The aim of this master?s thesis is to obtain greater understanding of how children relate to the film medium and their experiences. This is obtained by listening to the children and observing their verbal and nonverbal communication in two focus group interviews. Children?s access to and selection of film are due to adult?s restrictions.

The purpose of this study is to explore specific pedagogical activities that benefit the student's verbal language development and to learn more about how our schools use teaching methods to achieve the ambitions in the governing documents in Sweden. The aim is finding the correlation between theory, research, governing documents and the educational work in our schools. This study contains an empirical survey in intention to see how teachers, pupils and school administrators experience school activities, to see if those activities are formed with the intention for pupils to reach the learning goals according to the governing documents.The aim of this study has been achieved by relating empirical data with theories and previous research on conversation analysis. Goffman's and Norrby's research on the importance of dialogue and previous research on dialogicity studied by Dysthe, Vygotsky and Bakhtin are presented. Those are related to empirical data and show that most teachers realize the importance of integrating dialogues in daily activities and in different learning contexts.

This work has been carried out at a company in the region which has about 30000 employeeswith about 400 sites all over the world. The company outsources their network including theLAN refresh and the WAN migration. They needed help with an upgrade of their LAN at theirScandinavian headquarters and to find a new solution for their WAN. The reason why the upgradeof the LAN was needed was that the equipment was too old and did not pass the securityrequirements. They also required a solution to segment their LAN, which consisted of a singlelarge VLAN with 1,300 employees.

This thesis investigates the Designated Operational Entities (DOEs) under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. The DOEs serves as independent third-party auditors with the task of validating, verifying and certifying projects under the CDM. The majority of the DOEs are private entities. This is in line with the CDM objective of including the private sector in the climate change combat. The introduction of private entities in the role of DOEs can be questioned from a legitimacy point of view, but is corresponding to a development in international environmental governance where private actors are increasingly involved in governance arrangements.The thesis concludes the DOEs to be a form of public-private partnership and investigates the legitimacy of this form.

Background: Patients postoperative pain is often underestimated. Untreated or undertreated pain decreases the chance of optimal recovery after surgery. Pain assessment is an important factor of efficient pain relief. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to describe factors of importance for nurses´ assessment of postoperative pain in patients. Method: A literature study was done where qualitative and one quantitative article was reviewed.

Tidigare forskning pekar på försämrad kommunikationsförmåga som ett av de mest uppmärksammade symtomen vid demenssjukdom. För att förmedla ett budskap till sin omgivning använder dementa som alla andra människor både verbala och icke-verbala signaler. Med tiden försämras deras verbala uttrycksätt och de börjar istället att i allt högre grad använda sig av de icke-verbala signalerna, som till exempel ansiktsuttryck, kroppsspråk, gester, paraspråk och liknande. Eftersom dementas olika kommunikativa uttryckssätt ibland kan vara väldigt svåra att tolka av andra i deras närhet, är det av stor betydelse att ta reda på de förutsättningar som påverkar detta. Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån vårdpersonalens berättelser belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar deras tolkning av dementas olika kommunikativa uttryckssätt under omvårdnadsmötet.

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the implications and challenges of intercultural communication. An in-depth study was performed of the perspectives from people who work within an international organization. How they experience cultural differences and how they handle them, in particular when it comes to communication. Also, their perceptions of communicative competence were explored. The study was carried out at Svalorna India Bangladesh, at the Swedish office in Lund.

Många barn har svårt att tillägna sig ett korrekt uttal och de kan uppvisa olika typer av uttalssvårigheter. Termen verbal dyspraxi används då uttalssvårigheterna är neurologiskt orsakade och den motoriska planeringen och/eller programmeringen av talets rörelsesekvenser är nedsatt. I tidigare forskning har behandlingsmetoden Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC) lett till förbättring av uttalet hos barn i 5-8 års ålder med verbal dyspraxi på stimuli (ord/meningar) som de har tränat på. Huvudsyftet i följande studie var att undersöka huruvida behandlingen har effekt på uttalet hos äldre barn med komplexa uttalssvårigheter inklusive verbal dyspraxi då behandlingen genomförs 20- 30 minuter, 3 dagar i veckan i 4 veckor. Åtta skolbarn (8-13 år) med nämnda svårigheter samt eventuell komorbiditet ingick i studien.