Företaget Nordic Light designar och tillverkar belysning till företag och butiker världen runt. I många butiker är det viktigt att ha rätt belysning för att visa upp de varor som ska säljas. I en klädesbutik kan elförbrukningen svara för ungefär 70 % av den totala elförbrukningen. Belysningen avger nästan lika mycket värme till omgivningen som effekten den förbrukar. Den värmer helt enkelt klädesbutikerna och många gånger lokalerna runtomkring.

The purpose of this master thesis is to attract attention to the undefined spaces of our urban landscape and emphasize the need of these spaces in the city. The different values of these spaces are here clearly presented so that they can be considered when real estate developers show a particular interest in any one of these undefined spaces. The term undefinied spaces can mean a lot of things. The spaces that I now choose to define as undefined spaces are neither planned nor designed. It could for instance be a piece of leftover land in between two residential areas, or as times change, a formerly planned area might be forgotten and left to its own.

A new system of public transportation that can simplify and shorten the trips made throughout the city, anddo that both cheap and environment-friendly. Sounds like good news. This new system, though, require anall new type of infrastructure, differing from what we are used to see in our cities. Podcar, or PRT, as thesystem is called can become a transport revolution, possibly. If that revolution does happen it is crucial that webeforehand have studied the possible effects it can cause on our city environment, from a spatial point of view.This thesis thoroughly describes the function and essence of the PRT system and presents what is availabletoday and in what forms.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a significant vector-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing devastating encephalitis in humans. Its geographical range includes a majority of Asian countries and has also been recognized in some western Pacific areas. The main vectors of JEV are mosquitoes belonging to the genus Culex. Birds and pigs function as hosts and virus amplifiers, whereas humans are accidental hosts. Japanese encephalitis is commonly regarded as a rural disease.

In the year 1800, about 5 % of the world population lived in cities (World Wide Fund for Nature, 2012, 3). Today that number is about 70 % in Europe and North America, and in 2050 it is expected to be 86 % in the developed world and 67 % in the developing world (www, UN, 2009). In addition, the global population is expected to increase with 2.2 billion people until 2050. As a result of the population increase more food has to be produced which requires more transport from the countryside to the cities. However, this flow of resources faces some difficulties.

Handledare: Urban Ask.

En god ljussättning med utgångspunkt i rumslig gestaltning kan medföra många positiva synergieffekter som, till exempel, vistelsemiljöer i nattlandskapet där människor kan känna sig trygga att röra sig tack vare den goda uppsikten över omgivningarna och därmed möjligheten till orientering. I detta arbete presenteras slutsatsen att landskapsarkitekter kan bidra med mycket i detta sammanhang genom ett rumsligt tänkande i den lilla så väl som den stora skalan där människan är i fokus samt inte minst genom kunskaper om utemiljöns material och dess föränderlighet. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att tillämpa de kunskaper som jag erhållit under landskapsarkitektutbildningen och genom ett gestaltningsförslag bidra till en fördjupad förståelse kring hur det går att arbeta rumsligt med belysning i landskapet. Baserat på egna observationer och befintliga teorier presenteras, i slutet av detta arbete, några av de aspekter som kan vara viktiga då man vill skapa rum med hjälp av belysning. Dessa aspekter är: kontraster, ljusgradienter, avstånd/djup, ljuskällans placering, ljusets spridning och nivå samt inte minst färg och textur på de material som finns i rummet. Genom att studera litteratur om hur belysning kan påverka vår uppfattning av rummet under dygnets mörka timmar samt genom att studera befintliga belysningslösningar, fick jag inspiration och idéer till gestaltningsförslaget. För att prova dessa idéer byggdes en digital 3D-modell upp av ett befintligt förslag av utemiljön kring ett seniorboende i Vimmerby.

Som Göteborgs marknad ser ut idag erbjuder utbudet både en bredd och ett djup. Många butiker ligger tillgängliga i eller med närhet till stadens centrum. Då det inte direkt finns en lucka i marknaden är det metavärdet och produktmixen som avgör valet av varumärke för konsumenten. Tanken med vår rapport är att undersöka möjligheten att expandera den redan existerande butikskedjan Urban Outfitters också till Göteborg. Vi vill därför undersöka Göteborgskonsumentens inköpsbeteende samt vilket som är den bästa lokaliseringen av en butik .

Around 85 percent of the total population in Sweden today lives in an urban environment. This means that the nature within the urban areas has come to play an important role for the human well being. At the broader picture, the nature within urban areas is profitable in many ways. It is therefore important for the municipalities around in Sweden to work for sustainability within the urban areas. Linköping adopted an environmental policy, in year 2001, from the delegate of the municipality.

The paper evaluates two housing proposals with Space syntax as method. The proposals are very different in a topological sense but are in a configural sense almost the same. This effect is because both proposals connect themselves to the existing configural structure of the city in the same way. Neither of them takes advantages of the most integrated streets in the existing structure and use them to concentrate pedestrian and car flows to the streets or points which are intended to be the most urban areas. The knowledge of Space syntax and this evaluation puts focus on the pour understanding among architects and planners of what effect urban design proposals will have..

The regime theory is the dominant paradigm in the studies of urban politics in USA. It provides a set of concepts to analyse the change from government to governance in the American local politics. The regime theory postulates that governing power in local government tends to be highly fragmented. The private sector has with its control of economic resources a major influence in shaping governing decisions. In this essay I study the regime theory in a Swedish context to investigate if the theory is pertinent when studying of Swedish local governance.

The housing estates in the outskirts of Sandviken, consist of relatively large scale apartment buildings. This report, that is a B.A. thesis at 10 Swedish university points, aims to investigate and describe the opportunities to improve safety and security for inhabitants in Norra Björksätra. The purpose with this report is to make Norra Björksätra to a more attractive place to live in, by changing the negative trends in the area. Since demolition of at least some of the houses could be of current interest in some years; the purpose is also to investigate whether demolition or renewal of the area is the best solution.

The purpose of this paper is to make an analysis of the urban Roman water system. I have chosen to work with the system as a general field, not as a case study of a single town. In my opinion such a study would not give a proper and fair view of the subject. Therefore, this paper will discuss the different parts of the system, each one for itself and name examples wherever possible, to give a wide survey of the reality of the Roman water supply system. The aim is to give the reader a clear picture of different solutions used in the time of the early Roman Empire and a good understanding of the subject..

Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa en aspekt av Faluns omvandling till modern stad. Den del i denna modernisering som vidrörs i uppsatsen är införandet av elektrisk gatubelysning. Frågeställningarna i uppsatsen rör diskussionen som föregicks i stadsförvaltningen då man införde elektrisk gatubelysning i Falun och anledningarna till införandet av elektrisk belysning. Materialet som har använts för undersökningen är protokoll från stadsfullmäktige och drätselkammare i Falun under perioden 1863-1888. Gatubelysningen i Falun har sedan 1849 varit i stadsförvaltningens regi.

Africa is expected to go through a rapid urbanization over the next four decades and the demand for food is increasing in the rapidly growing urban and peri-urban (UPU) areas. Keeping livestock in urban areas is in particular associated with health hazards. This is due to close interaction between humans and animals, and it has been shown that zoonotic diseases are increasing in urban areas. The benefits of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) are related to improved food security, in particular among low-income groups. Apart from the negative public health impact of zoonotic diseases, animal disease could have a devastating impact on the economy and food security of many households in these areas. In the present study, three important endemic diseases, including brucellosis, salmonellosis and Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), were analyzed in regard to seroprevalence and risk factors.