Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur terapeuter inom den offentliga sjukvården resonerar kring svårigheter i att arbeta med trauma. Frågeställningarna var: hur resonerar terapeuter kring svårigheter att arbeta med trauma; vilka känslomässiga reaktioner har de; vad säger de om handledning, kollegialt stöd och organisationen inom vilket de arbetar; samt hur de resonerar kring kultur, språk och tolkanvändning. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem terapeuter som arbetar inom primärvården respektive psykiatriska öppenvården. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades genom Tematisk Analys. Resultaten visar att traumatiserade personer upplevdes som en tung patientgrupp och att de önskade sig mer handledning och utbildning för att klara av arbetet.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka psykoterapeuters upplevelser av arbete med traumatiserade patienter från andra kulturer. Fokus låg på att undersöka de svårigheter och hinder som kan uppstå till följd av kulturella skillnader mellan terapeut och patient. Högre förekomst av psykiatriska tillstånd bland flyktingar i kombination med postmigratoriska sårbarhetsfaktorer ställer krav på terapeuters kompetens. Kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer användes. Data analyserades tematiskt utifrån ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv.

The purpose of this essay was to examine how youths are described in certain written statements that are produced by the social services. The statements that this study has focused on, are those written with the purpose of serving the court with suggestions of treatment-measures when a person between 15 and 18 is suspected of having committed a crime. The main issues were: How is the content in these statements described and what do these descriptions tell the reader? Do the images of youths in the statements differ, depending on the degree of intervention for the suggested treatment-measure? The essay is based on a qualitative content-analysis of 50 statements and the material has been analysed from a social-constructive theoretical perspective.The study shows that the youths in the statements are described through descriptions that reinforces a positive or a negative image of the youth, and that these descriptions are described as either utterances or facts. Depending on the degree of intervention for the suggested treatment-measures, the information in the statements differ in that descriptions that are likely to reinforce a positive image of the youth are more frequent in the statements where no or less intervening treatment-measures is suggested.

Människor med allvarligare missbruksproblem lider ofta av samsjuklighet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvantitativ förekomst av PTSD bland klienter med diagnosen missbruk/beroende på ett behandlingshem i Sverige samt skillnader i förekomst av PTSD mellan män och kvinnor. Även ett kvalitativt syfte fanns avseende missbrukande människors livsvärld och deras syn på sambandet mellan trauma och missbruk samt behandling.Urvalet bestod av 41 individer med diagnosen missbruk/beroende som testats med mätinstrumentet PCL-C vilket mäter problem och besvär som människor kan få som en reaktion på stressande upplevelser. Två av individerna från urvalet valdes för djupintervjuer.Studiens kvantitativa resultat visade att urvalsgruppen i förhållande till en normalpopulation, har betydande större del individer med indikationer på PTSD (65% mot 5,6%). Mer än dubbelt så många kvinnor som män indikerade förekomst av PTSD vilket överensstämmer med normalpopulationen.

Atlas Copco Tools develops and manufactures handheld industrial tools. Heat and surface treatments are used to provide the tools with certain properties. There are no routines for the choice of treatment or for how to specify treatment on drawings. Production documents that are sent for production abroad may not be clear enough. Some treatments are known as trademarks and there are no instructions for how to specify these on drawings and in CAD-models.The purpose of this master thesis work is to create recommendations for the procedure of choosing heat and surface treatment.

Pyometra is a common and life threatening disease of intact bitches. The disease is caused by a hormonal influence on the uterus in combination with a bacterial infection. The most common treatment is ovariohysterectomy, but several medical options are available to maintain fertility or avoid surgery and anaesthesia. Drugs that can be used for medical treatment are for example progesterone-receptor antagonists, prostaglandins and dopamine agonist. The present study focused on treatment with the progesterone-receptor antagonistaglepristone in combination with antimicrobial therapy.

    AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe factors of nurse?s experiences when they give NIV treatment to patients with acute respiratory failure in a lung department. Semi structured interview questions about how nurses experience to give NIV treatment on a ordinary lung department was done on 10 nurses, who work in a lung department were NIV treatment is given. Data were analyzed with content analysis. In the result there was shown two themes.

The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effect of internet- administered guided self-help for women suffering from psychological problems following traumatic childbirth. The eight-week treatment program consisted of written chapters based on cognitive behavioral therapy. 56 participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 28) or a waiting list group (n = 28).The results showed that post-traumatic symptoms decreased as a result of the treatment, with large within-group effects measured by both the Traumatic Event Scale (TES) (d = 1.33) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) (d = 1.3). The difference between the groups was only significant when measured by the IES-R in which case the between-group effect was large (d = 0.97). The proportion of the participants who showed clinically significant improvement was considerably greater in the treatment group than in the waiting list group.

Young men who commit sexual abuse is a complex topic. This study is based on litterature on the subject and the material is processed through a qualitative content analysis. The study aims to study how the litterature describes the reasons why young men commit sexual abuse. It also aims to explore what is described to be effective treatment of young men who committed sexual abuse. The study found that most of the young men who commit sexual abuse comes from families where violence and psycohological abuse occurs. Many have themselves been victims of sexual abuse.

The meaning of the concept of psychosocial treatment is ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to examine how professionals within some care institutions, which provide methadone, buprenorphine or naloxone treatment, regard and carry out the psychosocial features of such treatment. Central issues discussed were; how personnel approach the psychosocial features of the treatment, what personnel regard as a focus in the psychosocial treatment, what conditions personnel consider affect treatment positively in order for it to be successful and how personnel see the relation between the medical and psychosocial features of the treatment. The method used was interviews with nine professionals in six qualitative interviews. The theoretical perspectives and concepts used in our analysis were; the theory of biological dependence, an organizational perspective, Prochaska and DiClemente's Stages of Change Model, the concept of individual reality and the concept of marginal conflict.Results show that the conditions most important for successful treatment are; that the patient has a place to live, an occupation, motivation, that the patient take responsibility for his/hers progress and have realistic expectations about the effects of the medicine.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate which components previous scientific studies suggest that an efficient treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems should contain. For this purpose, an extensive review of scientific research conducted in Scandinavia has been read and will be presented in this essay. This essay also present an introduction to residential care in Sweden as well as to an alternative form of treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems called Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC). The result of this essay suggest that treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems should be based on the emphasis of risk/resilience factors of the youth and that the treatment should be adapted to the youth?s individual personality and way of learning.

EMDR, eye movement desentization and reprocessing, är en evidensbaserad psykoterapeutisk metod för behandling av bl. a trauma.Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka effekten av EMDR-behandling på patienter hos S:t Lukas.Frågeställningar: Hur skattar S:t Lukas patienter Posttraumatisk stress disorder (PTSD)-kriterierna återupplevande, undvikande och överspändhet, före och efter EMDR-behandling? Finns det utifrån bakgrundsvariablerna kön, ålder, typ av trauma, tidigare trauma samt antal behandlingstillfällen några skillnader i personernas skattningar före respektive efter behandlingen?Metod: I denna kvantitativa studie undersöktes 21 kvinnor och 9 män före och efter EMDR behandling. Självskattningsformuläret Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R användes, vilket mäter PTSD-kriterierna återupplevande, undvikande och överspändhet.Resultat och diskussion: Resultaten från studien visar statistiskt signifikant symtomminskning i återupplevande, undvikande och överspändhet. Ingen av patienterna gav indikation på PTSD efter EMDR-behandlingen.

The aim of the study was to get a deeper understanding of how social workers at the welfare office think and act when it comes to methadone or buprenorphine treatment. What role does the welfare office take when it comes to methadone- or buprenorphine treatment, what does the welfare office think about this form of treatment, what possibilities does the welfare office have when it comes to decide the selection to this kind of treatment and what consideration does the welfare office take to the separate individuals demands when it comes to methadone- or buprenorphine treatment. The study is done in the perspective of society as a social construction. The method that was used was qualitative interviews with professionals at the welfare office and professionals at the reception of methadone- and buprenorphine treatment. The result of the study is that the attitude towards methadone- and buprenorphine treatment is complicated and the opinions are partly divided..

Inledning: Trauma påverkar drömmar och dess bearbetningsförmåga av innehåll. En viktig punkt är att etiologin av PTSD anses vara en traumatisk upplevelse som kan leda till återkommande mardrömmar. Idag finns det många personer i samhället som lider av trauma och traumarelaterade problem vilket gör att utveckling av traumateorin får en central betydelse för att erbjuda bra behandlingsmetoder.Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur traumatiska upplevelser bearbetas i drömmarna med fokus på affekter och interaktioner med andra människor som kan leda till vidareutveckling av psykodynamisk traumateori.Frågeställningar:? Vad finns det för skillnader i drömmarna mellan grupperna i avseende på affekter?? Vilka centrala teman förekommer i båda gruppernas drömmar och hur ser det ut i jämförelse mellan grupperna?Metod: Den metod som använts är en kombinerad kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats där 60 drömmar från tidigare krigsveteraner studeras och jämförs i två grupper.Resultat: Studiens resultat visar traumats negativa effekter på affektregleringsförmåga och relationer. Det lyfter också fram drömmens betydelse som en ingång till det psykiska livet för att få inblick i hur traumatiska händelser och affekter hanteras, samt drömmandets funktion i affektreglering som är en viktig bearbetande faktor för trauma.Diskussion: Studiens resultat är i många avseenden i linje med tidigare forskning och teoribildning, men särskilt två aspekter av resultatet förtjänar att lyftas fram: Drömmen som en scen för det psykiska livet: 1.

This pilot study investigates possible treatment effects and participants' experience in an internet-based treatment of specicfic phobia. Changes in self-reported phobic fear were examined in a series of case studies and changes in attitudes towards avoidance and approach strategies were examined at group level. Seventeen DSM-IV diagnosed patients with specific phobia participated and 10 out of these completed the treatment.The results show that 80 % of the completing participants were clinically improved after the treatment and that the completing participants were significantly more negative towards avoidance strategies after the treatment. The evaluation of the disposition and user-friendliness of the treatment showed that the participants' overall view of the treatment was positive. The main advantage perceived was the flexible nature of the treatment, while the main disadvantages were the high level of motivation and discipline required from the participants.