Eutrophication of lakes and streams are nowadays a well known environmental problem and implies an enrichment of the nutrients phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Phosphorus is considered to be the most important component for the growth of aquatic plants and leads in too large quantities to an intensification of growth. Phosphate (PO4) is the fraction of phosphorus that can easiest be taken up by plants and thus have the greatest impact on eutrophication. Increased plant growth in lakes and unfavorable conditions for aquatic animals are two examples of negative consequences. A significant portion of the increased nutrient supply to nearby water can be derived to phosphate leaching from agricultural areas, where private sewers and agriculture is two main sources.

The general purpose of this work is to study how social welfare offices organization affect accessibility for those seeking immediate financial assistance in the municipality of Stockholm. Accessibility in this study is principally defined by Swedish Law. The study is based on an empowerment perspective. Data was collected by qualitative interviews of officials in eight social welfare offices. Search path to reach the officials was registered by participant observations.

The Swedish Transport Administration manage nearly 4,000 railway bridges in different condition and age around the country. These bridges is in constant need of maintenance and requires continuous inspections. This thesis is designed as a damage investigation on a single-track railway bridge south of Solvarbo in Säter municipality. The railway bridge is in operation and serves over 10,000 trains a year, everything from speed trains to freight trains. The bridge is built as a beam bridge, simply supported over a road.

Building with volume element is relatively new and has started to increase more and more. The regulations that exist to regulate and determine how the transports of volume elements are to be conducted are diffuse and not very well adjusted to address the issues with transporting volume elements. Today there are a number of instances that a company has to turn to in order to get a somewhat different view, what regulations say and interpret it in order to know what applies and not applies regarding the transportation of volume elements. regulations. The rules that are in place make it tough for the volume element producing companies to develop and continue to be active on the market.

New production is not the only thing that is important for the city?s growth. It is also crucial to recover existing buildings in order to create attractive areas. There is a school in Va?stera?s city called Wenstro?mska skolan which consists of six high schools that provide different professional specializations and which has an area of about 35000 square meters.

The objective of this work was to evaluate and implement a number of energy saving functions for a specific embedded system. The functions were then grouped into a number of energy levels with known properties in terms of functionality, energy consumption, and transition time between the levels.The embedded system consisted of an AT91 ARM9 processor, GSM/GPRS modem, display, Ethernet and other peripheral units. Some energy saving methods that were considered were suspend to RAM, suspend to disk, frequency scaling, and methods for saving energy in the modem, Ethernet, USB and display backlight. The functions were grouped into levels and an interface was specified for controlling the energy level.It proved possible to get known properties within the defined energy levels, even though the paritioning of functions into these levels proved to be sub-optimal in a typical application usage scenario because it was designed for mainly energy consumption, not usage.The final result is a number of energy saving functions grouped into levels, which are controllable via an application interface. Each of the levels have a known energy consumption in both loaded and un-loaded mode..

Det finns en mängd olika hot gentemot transportbranschen. Mycket spelar in på hur väl en transport kan genomföras. Både väderfenomen och människor bidrar till svårigheter för åkerinäringen. Naturkatastrofer kan stjälpa en transport samtidigt som vissa människor antingen försöker smuggla in produkter i transportkedjan eller stjäla produkter från samma kedja.Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka dieselstölder och dess effekt på en transportkedja. Fram tills nu har omfattningen varit delvis ganska oklar.

Munksjökajen is an old industrial estate on the western shore of Munksjön in Jönköping. The purpose of this thesis is to develop Munksjökajen in accordance with the program for Jönköping?s future development ? Stadsbyggnadsvisionen ? drawn up by the city council.Munksjökajens relations to the surrounding areas have been investigated as well as the need for public transport and possibilities for commercial, municipal and private businesses to operate in the area.The final proposal has a relatively high degree of preserved industrial buildings. New buildings vary in shape and expression in order to create an interesting and diverse environment. The proximity to the lake adds character to the neighbourhood and the water is accentuated by the integration of it in the area..

Tidskrifter som vänder sig till unga tjejer och kvinnor är många och diskussioner om deras påverkan tycks ständigt vara aktuell. Skönhetsideal och vilken betydelse medierna spelar i sammanhanget väcker både intresse och känslor.Denna uppsats har utifrån gestaltningsteorin studerat hur de tre största tjejtidningarna i Sverige FRIDA, SOLO och Veckorevyn använt sig av sina omslag och textpuffar för att locka till sig sina läsare. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av tidningarnas textpuffar och omslag, där fem årtal mellan 2000 och 2010 har undersökts. Detta för att försöka se en utveckling hos tidningarna.Undersökningen har visat att den typiska omslagspersonen är en känd tjej/ kvinna som är blond eller icke-blond. Hon är oftast påklädd, poserar, ler och tittar in i kameran.

Problem formulation? Are there any factors affecting the choice of marketing strategy?? What is it that determines the degree for the company to use a standardized or a adapt marketing strategy?? How profitable is Scania's marketing strategy in each country?Objective: The overall aim of this study is based on local adaptation and global standardization to compare the degree to which the company Scania chooses to adapt or standardize its marketing to the South American and Asian markets.We also aim to compare and describe any factors that affect the countries' differences in marketing strategies and to evaluate and measure the profitability of marketing strategies in each market.Methodology: The study is limited to Scania's marketing in the truck market in Argentina, Brazil, Malaysia and Singapore from 2006 to 2010. In order to answer the study's problem formulation and purpose we have chosen to combine a qualitative and quantitative approach. Four interviews were conducted with marketing executives from Argentina, Brazil, Malaysia / Singapore and Sweden. We have also chosen to examine Scania's annual report and include figures on the market shares of Scania in the respective countries and the number of sold Scania truck which is then compared against the number of registered vehicles by country.

Bakgrund och problem: Transportbranschen i Europa står inför en situationdär bolags finansieringsmöjligheter kan komma att påverkas. IASB och FASBhar publicerat ett utkast till en ny redovisningsstandard inomleasingredovisning, som innebär att all leasing måste klassificeras somfinansiell. Detta får effekter i en bransch som i dag redan är ansträngd.Tidigare forskning visar att aktivering av all leasing får effekter påtransportbranschen i USA. Rapporten ämnar hitta vilka möjliga nedslag enaktivering kan få för transportbranschen i Europa.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att utröna hur en omfattande förändring avregelverket IAS 17 kan påverka en redan ansträngd bransch i form avförsämrad finansiell ställning.Avgränsning: Avgränsning görs till transportbolag i Europa från länder sompresenterar en väsentlig andel leasing. Studien undersöker enbart bolag somleasetagare, vilket utesluter all form av leasing som leasegivare.Metod: Studien genomförs med en kvantitativ ansats där författarna utgår fråndata hämtat ur årsredovisningar via databasen datastream.

Music today is a big part of a person's everyday life and can influence emotions as wellas initiative and motivation. This effect together with development in technology hasled to that music today is accessible and can be played from a large amount of differentkinds of products. This in turn has meant that the demand for smaller audio playbackdevices is greater than ever.The goal of this project is to develop a concept for energy-efficient speakers withwireless communication that has the ability to obtain and play high quality music. Thespeakers will use the latest available technology and at the same time, using digitalsignal processing, have a low environmental impact through high energy efficiencyand low power consumption. Parallel to this work a pilot study will be conducted tosee trends in listener preference of sound.The result achieves the goals pledged while power consumption in sleep mode is solow that they meet the demands of tomorrow.

Logistik handlar om att skapa effektiva materialflöden. Distribution är den del av logistikflödet som har stor betydelse för företags konkurrensförmåga och lönsamhet. Hur företag väljer att distribueras sina tjänster eller produkter har en stor påverkan på deras transportkostnader och leveransservice. Hos Draka Kabel Sverige AB finns i nuläget ingen uttalad leveransstrategi gällande uppbokning av inrikestransporter, utan detta sker efter kundönskemål. Detta leder till många små leveranser som resulterar i högre transportkostnader och ostrukturerade arbetsrutiner. I dagsläget samarbetar Draka Kabel Sverige AB med en speditör, Höglands Logistik AB, och all inrikes vägtransport sker med speditören.

Aim: Auditors objectivity is an obvious part of auditing, but there is doubts and hesitation in society today because of the corporate scandals that have occurred in recent years. Several researchers suggest that auditors actions and behaviors is connected to the ethical climate within the organization. A relationship that also affects auditors objectivity and independence. This thesis aims to investigate how the ethical climate influence auditors choice of relationship to their clients, by choosing a relational and close relationship or a transactional and distanced relationship. And if the client approach have an effect on the auditors objectivity.Method: A survey was conducted among 232 certified accountants in Sweden.

The aim of this study was to describe how retired nurses, educated in Uppsala, and students at Uppsala University's nursing program experience the importance of vocation in education and career choice. None of the participants had experienced vocation as a reason for choosing nursing as a career. The main reason was instead a desire to work with people. They also expressed that it was a profession like any other. The retired nurses said that the education was something of an up-bringing with religious elements.