This Master thesis has been carried out at Scania CV AB in Södertälje, in collaboration withKTH, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. The focus of this Master thesis isSetBased Concurrent Engineering(SBCE), with the purpose of answering the questions: what isSBCE, how does it work, and for what purposes is it applied.It was early established thatSBCE is often included as a part of Lean product development,which in its turn is often related to Toyota?s way of working. TheSBCE method includesworking with multiple solutions in parallel, eliminating weak alternatives throughout thewhole process. In opposite to a conventional product development process, where it iscommon one at an early stage tries to identify and choose the most promising alternative.Despite the appearance ofSBCE as a resource consuming method, figures from Toyotaindicates the opposite, thatSBCE is in fact a very effective way of working compared to othermore traditional methods.The process of this Master thesis was divided into three phases.

Lean Production is used by many manufacturing companies. Companies in process industries do not use Lean Production to the same extent today. This is part of the report's issue to explore how Lean Production can be applied to a company in the process industries.The investigated company is a processing company that manufactures various types of foil. The company wishes to streamline its production and has therefore asked the authors to examine if Lean Production can offer the company improvements in their production. Lean Production value stream mapping tool has been selected to identify and analyze the current state of two of its products in production.

The demand for environmental assessments on buildings and energy consumption is increasing as well as the energy performance requirements for buildings. At the same time it is increasingly common with self-producers of heat and electricity generation.The main purpose with this master thesis is to investigate how time resolution affects the environmental assessment of energy consumption in office buildings connected to district heating (DH). Environmental assessments were done with both attributional LCA and consequential LCA with system expansion.Fortum´s DH system in Stockholm was analyzed and district heating production was simulated in a Matlab-model. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the production were calculated. The heat demand of the office Gångaren 16 in Stockholm was simulated in IDA ICE.

De senaste fem åren har tågresandet ökat med 28 procent. Den ökade trafiken har lett till ett högt utnyttjande av anläggningar och fordon. Det har i sin tur medfört stora problem med punktligheten av tågtrafiken. För att matcha den ökande trafiken på Sveriges järnvägar ska detta examensarbete undersöka om man kan implementera Lean produktion för Banverkets byte av spårväxlar för att göra dessa mer effektiva. För att ta reda på vad Lean produktion egentligen är gjordes en litteraturstudie.

The aim of this thesis is benchmarking of the program, based on dynamic programming, that earlier was written to imitate the production planning at TSS.This thesis starts with a chapter about the construction of the DP-program, a shorter description of one and each of the program parts and also a list over the in- and output data in each program part. The DP-program consists of six linked MATLAB-files that together produce an optimized production plan for the different planning groups at TSS. The program reads in and reformat the given data and optimize the production of the articles in one group. Finally it compounds all article production plans and give us a production alternative.After running the program with new data the result shows, resembling with previous results, that TSS could be able to make some distinct cost-savings. According to the program, a 50 % decrease of TSS production costs is possible. .

This qualitative study involves the implementation of Lean and Kaizen methods in a Swedish service industry. Lean philosophy is based on a method to achieve more with less. In practical terms this means that the use of an organization's resources is improved. The origin of Lean is the Toyota Production System. Now, Kaizen methods give managers and employees a better more efficient system to reach their goals within the organization or company.

The aim of this literature review is to give an overview of the differences between pure- and crossbreeding systems. Crossbreeding is a mating system with individuals of different lines or breeds. It is one of several breeding strategies in dairy production used to increase the economic profit. The use of crossbreeding increases due to changes in the dairy market and an increase of inbreeding among purebred Holstein. The main benefit of crossbreeding is heterosis, which is the improvement in genetic level in a hybrid offspring above the average of the parent breeds.

The high level of competition and the rapidly growing technology development has created new challenges for today's businesses where they are forced to deliver more customized products at a lower price and a shorter time period. This places high demands on the companies' ability to design and develop better products in a more efficient way. In addition to developing products, the design process focuses on securing long-term success for the company by developing nourishing skills. However, to achieve an effective design process the companies must improve their ability to plan as well as use their knowledge base in a more efficient manner. Toyota's product development system is a critical component for companies to address challenges that they?re facing and offers a great potential to create significant competitive advantages.

Abstract This report is our bachelor thesis. Our work has taken place at a galvanising company in Sölvesborg. The company faced major changes, of which one was a computerisation process. The new system could involve changes in work practice and in specific tasks, affecting the workers. If the coming system was to support work, from the production personnel?s perspective, we felt a legitimate participation in the development and design of the future work practice, was a requirement that was not met. During our ethnographical studies we noted that conflicts arose between production and administrative -personnel.

Most of the saw and pulp industries have stored wood nearby their production, the main reason is to have a continuous wood flow to the production. Wet storage of wood is of great importance to keep the wood quality. Without water sprinkling the risk of drying outand decomposition through biological activity increases significantly and will result in a negative effect on future production and quality. One drawback of wet storage of wood is the leaching of chemical substances into the surrounding recipient. The log yard run-off contains phosphorus, nitrogen, phenols and organic substances. These substances can cause problems for the surrounding environment. The main objective of this project is to gain an understanding of the wet storage used by the Swedish wood industry and estimate the environmental consequences that run-off water will have on the recipient.

This qualitative study involves the implementation of Lean and Kaizen methods in a Swedish service industry. Lean philosophy is based on a method to achieve more with less. In practical terms this means that the use of an organization's resources is improved. The origin of Lean is the Toyota Production System. Now, Kaizen methods give managers and employees a better more efficient system to reach their goals within the organization or company.

I en allt mer globaliserad värld ökar konkurrensen då fler företag ska tävla om de kunder som efterfrågar de produkter som erbjuds. Den ökande globaliseringen medför dock inte enbart negativa effekter för företag. En ny möjlighet ges till att lära sig av andra mer framgångsrika företag och ta del av vad som utmärker dem. Det japanska begreppet kaizen anses vara en del av vad som ligger bakom de japanska företagens framgångar och deras starka position på den internationella marknaden. Men vad är då kaizen? Detta är en av de frågor som vi försöker besvara i denna uppsats där begreppets ursprung, användningsområde samt vilka effekter som kan uppnås genom kaizen undersöks.

Ferruform i Luleå är ett verkstadsföretag som idag bland annat tillverkar bakaxelbryggor till Scania. Som ett led i att både minimera slöseri och erhålla efterfrågestyrd produktion, vill Ferruform i en framtid gå över till ett kontinuerligt enstycksflöde. Syftet med studien har varit att kartlägga vad som krävs av Ferruform för att kvaliteten vid kontinuerligt enstycksflöde ska kunna säkerställas, samt presentera och rekommendera metoder för att möta dessa krav. Studien har avgränsats till avdelningen för skärande bearbetning, och har i huvudsak baserats på litteraturstudier och intervjuer. Filosofier från till exempel Toyota och reella kontrollverktyg som koordinatmätmaskiner, kontrollfixturer, probning, manuella mätverktyg och optiska system har studerats.

Byggmax i Gävle har haft problem med svinn som anses som en anledning till stora förluster vilket i sin tur påverkat anläggningens resultat. Kulturen på Byggmax ger möjligheter till platscheferna vid de olika Byggmaxanläggningarna att påverka verksamheten. Vid anställningen av den nya platschefen på anläggningen i Gävle påbörjades förändringsarbete inom Lean sedan januari 2010 med avsikten att eliminera svinn och förbättra flöden. Lean kommer ursprungligen från Toyota Production System (TPS) som utvecklades inom biltillverkningsföretaget Toyota i Japan efter andra världskriget. Syftet med Lean är att öka produktionens effektivitet genom att eliminera slöseri. Under 90-talet började olika handelsföretag få större intresse för att utforma sina flöden mer effektivt, välja sina leverantörer med mer omsorg samt styra och planera med det tydliga målet att skapa kundvärde och därmed öka sin konkurrenskraft.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka och analysera införandet av Lean vid företag i byggvaruhandeln samt att ge rekommendationer till fallstudieföretaget Byggmax i Gävle för vidare arbete med Lean.I detta examensarbete har litteraturstudier, intervjuer och observation använts som datainsamlingsmetod.

BillerudKorsnäs is a leading global provider of primary fiber-based packaging materials and on Gruvöns Bruk in Grums, they have chosen to invest millions in the boiler at the facility to increase the total capacity of the factory. This results in the Pulp Flash Dryer at Gruvön being burden more, which makes it important that it is of great reliability and can be run with a high capacity. The reliability of the Pulp Flash Dryer at Gruvön is not as good as one could hope, which leads to reduced availability and production, as well as to increased maintenance costs. There are a number of different reasons for this, but all the casual links are not known.The purpose of this project was to perform a system analysis of the Pulp Flash Dryer to identify bottlenecks and the most critical parts from a capacity- and availability perspective. Appropriate methodology for the system analysis was used and would be used in a structured way to perform the analysis with data from the process and the maintenance system.