The aim of this study is to investigate differences that exist in Estonia and Russia with regard to civil society, democracy and corruption and try to find out what can be possible causes to the vast differences in these two countries. Many political scientists claim that civil society plays a key role in democratic transitions. This paper takes its point of departure in 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed and Estonia and Russia became independent. Since then Estonia has had a flourishing economy which attract many foreign investments, with Sweden as the greatest investor. The country has also managed well to adjust quickly from totalitarianism to democracy.

Background: Do our elder starve? A good nutrition state gives a good health and comfort. The research displays that is it exists shortages in energy and nutrition needs for the older. Aim: The aim with this study was to elucidate the mealorder and the mealsituation for the elder and how the nurse handles this. Method: This litterateur review was based on teri research studies.

EU law is superior to Swedish domestic law, and it is on Sweden's responsibility to implement the COJ judgments so that it becomes compatible with EU law. The advantage of the Union being superior is the internal market given the member states.However, problems arise when the Swedish legislature goes further in its interpretation of EU law. Restrictions can be imposed but it must be considered to be strongly motivated so the restriction outweighs the need to maintain the freedoms granted by EU law. In Cadbury Schweppes, the court states that restrictions on freedom of establishment may be done to counter artificial arrangements whose sole purpose is to evade the national tax. Its further stated that an artificial arrangement does not exist in those cases there is a real business, even through the establishment in the low-taxing country is economically justified. The Swedish CFC rules states that the general rule is that if an establishment in a country within the EEA, which have lower corporate tax than 55% of the Swedish tax, the shareholder of this company is taxed on its current share in Sweden. The outcome of Cadbury Schweppes has not been made into a general rule, it became the exception. In addition to that in Sweden it is presumed that the company is an artificial arrangement that expressly are prohibited by the EUD, as well been implemented to supplement the rule, where the Swedish legislature changes the meaning of the term granted by the appeal. The Swedish legislature has amended the original economically motivated establishment, to be commercially motivated. The term is undefined, but applicable elsewhere in the Incometaxlaw and from this one can find that, for an establishment to be considered as commercially motivated the decisions to establish should be taken to promote normal profit-making enterprises based upon commercially motivated decisions..

Detta har varit ett examensarbete om 20 poäng på programmet för Fysisk Planering vid Blekinge Tekniska Högskola. Det har varit ett enskild arbete och handledning har kommit från två handledare på Blekinge Tekniska Högskola. Mittseminarium för arbetet hölls 29 januari 2004 på Blekinge Tekniska Högskola i närvaro av handledaren, opponenten och andra åhörare. Ett avsnitt berättar kort historik om Mörbylångas framväxt, om ortens hamn och om sockerbruket som fanns på orten 1908-1991. Det avsnittet är tänkt för att introducera läsaren i Mörbylånga och i det aktuella planområdet. Åldersbestämningen som finns på befintliga byggnader är endast ungefärlig, då de exakta årtalen har varit synnerligen svåra att få tag på. Nulägesbeskrivningen består i kartor som visar hur Mörbylånga försörjs trafikmässigt via ett större omland.

The European history of bath has its roots in the Greek culture about 2500 years ago. In every Greek town was situated at least one center of culture, a gymnasium, that contained bath establishements, areas for physical training, restaurants, librarys and readingrooms. Already 400 B.C. Hippokrates, founder of the art of healing, spoke for the waters important qualities in medical treatements. After the Greeks the Romans overtook and maintained the polished manners of bathing, and thanks to them the culture spread to the north of Europe. During the middleages the art of swimming was well respected among soldiers and knights, and was frequently practised in tournament games and competitions. At the same time the bathhouses were developed in the towns of Europe.

Examensarbete tar avstamp i programhandlingen för fördjupningen av översiktsplanen för Eslöv - öster om järnvägen. Den har blandstaden som förebild för stadsutveckling för ett stationsnära område som idag består till merparten av industriverksamheter med en viss blandning av bostadsbebyggelse. I kontrast mot denna finns en fördjupning för östra Eslöv som pekar ut bebyggelseexploatering i stadens periferi på god åkermark. Syftet med examensarbetet är att studera, beskriva och definiera stadsbyggnadsbegreppet blandstad samt hur den kan gestaltas i den fysiska miljön. Begreppet sätts i kontrast till funktionsseparering, zonering och stadsutglesning. En blandning av funktioner innebär konflikter.

A large part of research about libraries and library buildings in Sweden has been focused on how the building looks not how it functions with the library. The aim with this master?s thesis is to study how a library building is functioning and how its users are experiencing it. This is studied in three libraries, Kungliga tekniska högskolans bibliotek, Sambiblioteket in Härnösand and Vitterhetsakademiens bibliotek. With the questions of how they were planed, what did the libraries want from the new building and which of these demands were realized.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen på maximalt 8000 tecken.This thesis is mainly dealing with the mobility of the employees within the borders of the European Union. Legislative framework from the EU is favourable and the Commission has set as one of it goals to promote the migration. Globalisation trends and contemporary business concepts need people who are mobile on the other hand. But migration numbers are still low within Europe. The purpose of this thesis is to find out how much the legal uncertainties, and the different culture mentality in the workplace of another country act as barriers in the minds of the people who wish to work abroad.

This thesis was conducted to assess how the privatization of Iran Air process managed in last efforts and how should it be in right way. It increases the knowledge about privatization in Iran and the need for it. Iran air as our case study is a flag-carrier airline company that is protected by government regulations and subsidies. We try to find the reasons for failure of privatization in Iran Air and their attempt on privatization.The method used to collect data was a qualitative methodology, consisting of semi-structured interviews with relevant managers, and knowledgeable professors and the official sites and press. In conclusion, we find that privatization is an important need for Iran Air Company and the main problems that are against Iran Air can be categorized to political, financial, and social.

There has always been global warming on earth and it is because of it that the earth is inhabitable. Without global warming the temperature on earth would be around -18 ° C instead of today's + 15 ° C. Global warming is generated by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane which trap long wave radiation in the earth's atmosphere. The problem today is that the global concentration of green house gases has significantly increased since the 1750's as a result of human activity. Today's values widely exceed the preindustrial values.

This report is a result of a diplomawork in construction engineering.The goal of this thesis is to highlighthow the work with planning andperformance management is done in theprojects at the Swedish buildingcontractor Skanska Väg & anläggning,region Stockholm/Mälardalen, districtMark Stockholm North, compared toSkanska?s policies.The comparison was made with focus onfive tools for productivity. The toolsare as follow: broken-down schedule,work sets, visual control, performancemanagement/progress monitoring and bestpractice.The study showed that the usage of thedifferent tools varied both within andbetween the different projects.Practically none of the projects whereusing the tools progress monitoring andbest practice, mostly due to fewoperations being applicable. The worksets are now mostly documented, but theyare rarely followed up. Performancemanagement is somewhat inconsequentialfor the moment, but during 2011 targetsheets will be introduced, withtemplates for setting up targets.Scheduling is one of the most importantworks regarding planning.

Orsa Besparingsskog has an aim to take nature considerations in relation to the harvested volume and area of the annual felling. Around 15 percent of the acreage and 10 percent of the volume should be set aside. It is important to keep close to those figures to avoid future negative effects on the long-term harvesting planning. The purpose of this study was to use laser scanning data to estimate those proportions. The result showed that the proportion of conservation considerations in the ten selected objects in the study was significantly higher than the target of 15 percent of the acreage and 10 percent of the volume. The result showed a setting aside of 19 percent of the acreage and 17 percent of the volume.

Detta examensarbete undersöker hur man med hjälp av fysisk planering och gestaltning kan skapa förutsättningar för trygghet och säkerhet i 60-talens bostadsområden. Som ett exempelområde har Dalbo i Växjö använts. Efter en historisk och teoretisk genomgång presenteras förslag till förändringar som kan gynna tryggheten och säkerheten i Dalbo En historisk bakgrund till 60-talets bostadsbyggande och förändringsarbeten i socialt utsatta område ges. Den visar att den samhällsekonomiska utvecklingen, tillsammans med det samhällspolitiska klimatet och den nya tekniken under 60-talet fick stark inverkan på vad som byggdes. Erfarenheter från förändrings-arbeten visar att det krävs ett multisektoriellt arbetssätt för att lyckas i de mest utsatta bostadsområdena.

Uppsatsen handlar om hur olika diskurser karaktäriserar Malmö stads planeringstänkande i de tre undersökta översiktsplanerna under 2000-talet. De fyra diskurserna som studeras är den globala staden, entreprenörsstaden, kunskapsstaden och postmodernistiskt planeringsteori. De tre första diskurserna behandlar fenomen om städer och regioner utifrån en global informationsekonomi. Den fjärde och sista diskursen är en gren inom planeringsteorin som ställer sig kritisk till den modernistiska synen på planering och planerare. Planering som postmodernism är likt sina föregångare, normativ i sin karaktär och försöker att lösa problem som har tillkommit i en postkolonial värld. Malmö är en stad med en historia som industristad och som nu försöker etablera sig som en kunskapsstad.

Den första provisoriska strandskyddslagstiftningen infördes i Sverige 1950, även om man tidigare hade skydd för vissa naturområden för att säkra allmänhetens tillgång. De första lagarna som gav stränderna ett skydd skulle fungera i samspel med allemansrätten som då lyftes fram och fick en ny betydelse i samhället. Den provisoriska strandskyddslagstiftningen ersattes av en permanent några år senare, och har därefter har kompletterats och förändrats. Den största förändringen skedde 1975, då strandskyddet blev generellt och därmed obligatoriskt. Strandskyddslagstiftningen gäller vid alla kuster, sjöar och vattendrag och innebär att inga byggnader, anläggningar eller verksamheter får uppföras inom 100 meter från strandlinjen, både i havet och på land.