Germany has experienced low birth rates ever since the 1970s when they fell below the replacement levels of 2,1 children per woman. Since then, their birth rate has been around 1,5 children per woman, which has caused an overall aging population. The consequences of the declining birth rates is that the previous generations are becoming larger than the younger generations. This demographic shift raises concern about how its potential implications might affect different aspects of the country and its economy overall. The aim of this paper is to try to discern the dynamic between the share of the labor force in relation to total population, with the share of pensioners in relation to the total population.

the most obvious problem at Traction today is the in-between handling that demands much time and resources. The reason is that the packages are not designed with handling in mind. Several of the packages of today also have a poor degree of utilization that means there is room for a fewer number of articles. That in turn means more packages, more transports, more storage space and more staff. On the basis of a specification of demands ? which take quality and environmental influence, as well as transport, handling and economy in account ? we have developed suggestions on new packages that will facilitate handling and lower the total costs, The time of handling will in some cases abbreviate to just a few seconds with the new packages.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka jobbcoachningsprocessen utifrån ett livsformsperspektiv, genom att utföra livsformsanalys på jobbcoacher och klienter. Relationen jobbcoach/klient står i fokus eftersom det existerar en liten mängd forskning inom området, och jobbcoachningens effekt på arbetslösheten i Sverige har på senare tid ifrågasatts. Livsformsanalysen är även bra verktyg för att undersöka vilka värderingar människor har och varför vi väljer att agera på ett visst sätt. Teorin om livsformsanalys utgår ifrån att människor har olika levnadsmönster och uppfattningar om "det goda livet", vilket benämns som att de lever livsformer. Vi har lagt fokus på kärnbegreppen sociocentrism och neokulturation inom livsformsanalysen: Sociocentrism handlar om människans oförmåga att förstå och erkänna andra livsformer än sin egen.

The investigation was initiated because of the high workload of the sellers and, additionally, because the Tunadal sawmill has received low ratings in customer surveys. Thus,  two main approaches are adopted here,  the first being to investigate which of the three methods  of working, namely, market divided flow organization, function organizationand flow organization with collaboration, proves to be the most beneficial. The second is to investigate whether there is an available method to ease the daily work. A literature review has been made in order to determine more efficient ways for the sellers to work in the Tunadal sawmill. During the investigation, an in-depth investigation into the total quality management using a balanced scorecard as a management tool was conducted.

Uppsatsens huvudsakliga syfte är att analysera hur finansiella och icke finansiella företag påverkas av införandet av IAS 39 vad beträffar värdering av derivat till verkligt värde, säkringsredovisning samt hur detta påverkar organisationen i övrigt. Slutsatsen är att framförallt säkringsstrategierna blivit påverkade men även arbetsbelastning vad gäller att maknadsvärdera derivat samt all tilläggsinformation som enligt IAS 39 krävs i årsredovisningen. Hos de flesta företag har organisationen berörts och man har behövt utveckla nya systemlösningar för att kunna hantera framförallt säkringarna..

På grund av turbulenta tider på börsen med kraftiga svängningar under 2007/2008 har intresset för hedgefonder ökat. Detta ökade intresse har fått genomslag i media och ofta kommenteras hedgefondernas avgiftsstruktur. Författarna ifrågasätter om hedgefonder anses vara en dyr investering för investerarna och hur stor förvaltaravgiften uppger sig att vara. För att förtydliga för investerarna ställer sig författarna följande fråga: Hur mycket betalar investeraren i förvaltaravgift för en svenskrelaterad hedgefond? I studien ingick 19 stycken svenskrelaterade hedgefonder och med hjälp av en kvantitativ studie beräknades total förvaltaravgift som jämfördes med avkastning samt 3-månaders statsskuldsväxel (SSVX-90).

Syfte. Studiens syfte är att beskriva arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av samarbete med aktörer inom arbetslivsinriktad rehabilitering vid Arbetsförmedlingen [AF].Metod. Kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes. Semistrukturerad intervjuguide användes vid datainsamling där åtta legitimerade arbetsterapeuter deltog. Arbetsterapeuterna arbetade på AF i två olika regioner i Sverige.

This degree project handles acoustic measurements of the heat pump EcoAir 107, made by Enertech CTC AB. The sound from the three sound sources of the heat pump, fan, compressor and four way valve, have been measured to find out how they affect the total sound level of the product.Measures to attenuate the sound level have been developed and tested. By comparing these with the sound of the heat pump, in its original state, we have found out the measures which have best effects.The best attenuating measures came to be: taped openings and holes around the compressor space, isolating the top and the bottom of the whole construction, support of the fan bottom part and shielding of the sound source with a screen at a distance of 110 mmThese measures have been tested together and an average attenuation of the total sound level with 3,9 dB have been accomplished. In the front of the fan where the continuous sound is the strongest, the attenuation was 4,7 dB.This project is meant to be used as a guide by Enertech CTC AB:s during their future developing process..

At Rottneros pulp mill mechanical pulp is bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The changes of bleaching chemicals that are used for different grades are taken from bleaching tables; however these tables are old and need to be updated. The purpose of this thesis was to be the basis of new documentation.In this thesis three pulps where studied with the aim to find the optimal bleaching chemical changes (total NaOH/VP-quote) for each pulp. The pulps were taken from the filter before the bleaching tower and the pulps were bleached in the lab. The most important pulp property in this study was the brightness and how that was influenced by the chemical dosages.

Evaluating and choosing suppliers based on price alone, has traditionally been the dominant strategy for supplier selection within the purchasing function. With the origin of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)-concept in the early 1990s, a new philosophy dawned that promoted the importance of knowing the effects of supplier performance on the buying firm?s internal costs. Since then, scholars have been arguing the case of TCO as a viable model for making purchasing decisions and conducting supplier evaluation. Still, after two decades little is known about its penetration and impact on the practices of buying corporations, leaving the questions of which costs are included in the purchasing organisations? decisions unanswered, and even more importantly why certain costs are considered and others not.

Production requires the input of capital and labour. Hence, economic growth can be assumed to follow from increased levels of these two factors. Policies aimed at increasing production may consequently successfully be focused on facilitating the accumulation of capital and labour. However, even when an economy has managed to reach the same quantities of input factors as a more prosperous neighbour, the level of the production might still differ. The explanation of this lies in what economists refers to as expression embracing the characteristics of the input factors and the conditions in which they operate.In this thesis a calculation of total factor productivity is carried out, using existing data on the Swedish FA-regions between 1990 and 2005 and the method the economist Robert Solow in the 1950?s.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of arterial insufficiency in patients undergoing CABG surgery and whether arterial insufficiency is a risk factor for postoperative wound infections in the harvesting leg. Patients who had CABG surgery were enrolled consecutively. A total of 144 patients participated in the study. During their hospital stay demographic data was recorded, as well as pre-, intra-, and postoperative tests and risk factors. The patients answered a questionnaire regarding postoperative wound infections 30 days after surgery patients answered a questionnaire regarding infections.

Denna undersökning behandlar om det finns en skillnad i hur Total Quality Management, TQM, och rivaliserande teorier påverkar prestationen hos företag. Dessutom undersöks om det finns en skillnad mellan de företag som är rutinorienterade gentemot de som är kunskapsorienterade. Totalt skickades en elektronisk enkät ut till 265 företag, inom en snarlik bransch, lokaliserade runt om i Sverige. Totalt erhölls 49 svar vilket motsvarar en svarsfrekvens på 18,5%. I takt med att konkurrensen hårdnar inom affärsvärlden blir det allt viktigare att hitta nya strategier för framgång.

Quality can be defined as the ability of a business to satisfy their customers? needs and expectations. Total Quality Management is defined as the way to prevent, appraise and improve the entire organization to increase the product quality. In order to systematically increase quality in an organization, there are different quality systems in use. One example is process management, which is to divide the activities of processes.

Inledning: Bandy är en vinterlagsport som innehåller både fysiska och tekniska krav. Till författarnas kännedom finns begränsat med vetenskaplig forskning om bandyspelares fysiska krav under match. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva manliga elitbandyspelares rörelseprofiler utifrån total distans, maximal hastighet, medelhastighet, speltid, hastighetszoner och acceleration under matchsituation mellan olika spelarpositioner. Metod: Datainsamlingen utfördes med tio hertz GPS-enheter på ett elitserielag i bandy från mellersta Sverige under säsongen 2014/15. Sex till åtta manliga elitbandyspelare studerades under elva matchtillfällen.